79 THE AMOUNT OF TELOMERIC DNA IN CLONED CATTLE AND THEIR CALVES IS LESS THAN THAT OF AGE MATCHED CATTLE

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
B. C. Yang ◽  
G. S. Im ◽  
Y. H. Kim ◽  
J. W. Choi ◽  
Y. S. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Skin Fibroblasts ◽  
Telomeric Dna ◽  
Eukaryotic Chromosome ◽  
Dna Repeat ◽  
Fetal Fibroblasts ◽  
And Control ◽  
Quantitative Fluorescence

A telomere is a structure consisting of tandem repeats sequences of (TTAGGG)n at the end of the eukaryotic chromosome. Telomere lengths in animals vary by species, age, and tissues, as well as environment. This experiment concentrated on the amount of telomeric DNA in cloned cattle, their calves, and age-matched normal cattle. Using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), we had obtained 16 cloned Korean Native cows derived from ear skin fibroblasts and two cloned bulls from fetal fibroblasts. In addition, four female calves were produced from each cloned cow by artificial insemination. Control cattle selected to have matched age and the same raising place served as counter-parts of cloned the cattle in this study. The lymphocytes of all cloned cattle, their calves, and the age-matched controls were examined for telomere quantity. The amount of telomeric DNA was analyzed by quantitative fluorescence after in situ hybridization (Q-FISH) with a human telomeric DNA repeat probe. A minimum of 100 interphase nuclei from each set of harvests was studied to determine the mean and medium percentages of telomeric DNA using the MetaMorph Imaging System (Universal Imaging Co., West Chester, PA, USA). The amount of telomeric DNA obtained was found to decrease in cloned and control animals during growth. The amounts of telomeric DNA in cloned cattle from both ear skin fibroblasts (n = 16) and fetal fibroblasts (n = 2) was less than that of age-matched controls (P < 0.01). Surprisingly, the amount of telomeric DNA of calves from cloned cattle was also lower than that of age matched controls (n = 4, P < 0.01). The results showed a remarkable difference in the amount of telomeric DNA between SCNT cloned cattle and normal cattle. In conclusion, the telomeres of cloned animal and their calves are significantly shorter than those of normal cattle. Moreover, the short telomeres in calves could be inherited from their cloned mothers.

99 AMOUNT OF TELOMERIC DNA IN GROWING CLONED CATTLE, THEIR PROGENY, AND THEIR ORGANS

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Yang ◽  
G. S. Im ◽  
Y. H. Kim ◽  
D. H. Kim ◽  
S. H. Bae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Imaging System ◽  
Skin Fibroblasts ◽  
Telomeric Dna ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Interphase Nuclei ◽  
Dna Repeat ◽  
Fetal Fibroblasts ◽  
Linear Chromosomes ◽  
Quantitative Fluorescence

Telomeres are specialized nucleoprotein complexes at the termini of linear chromosomes that are composed of TTAGGG sequences in vertebrates. Telomere lengths in animals vary with species, age, tissue types, environment, and cloning. The experiment conducted emphasized the amount of telomeric DNA in the lymphocytes and organs of growing cloned cattle and their second and third generations. Using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), 16 cloned (Generation, clone G1) Korean Native cows were obtained from ear skin fibroblasts and 2 cloned bulls from fetal fibroblasts. In addition, 3 females and 2 males (clone G2) were produced from each cloned cow by artificial insemination (AI). A third generation calf (clone G3) was derived from clone G2 by AI. The lymphocytes of all cloned cattle (G1), their offspring (G2), and age-matched controls were examined 3 times at 6-month intervals whereas G3 was examined only once. The amount of telomeric DNA was analyzed by quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (Q-FISH) with a human telomeric DNA repeat probe. A minimum of 100 interphase nuclei from each set of harvests was studied to determine the mean and medium percentages of telomeric DNA using MetaMorph Imaging System (Universal Imaging Co, West Chester, PA, USA). The amounts of telomeric DNA in cloned cattle from both ear skin fibroblasts (female, n = 16) and fetal fibroblasts (male, n = 2) were less than those of age-matched controls (P &lt; 0.01). Additionally, irrespective of gender, the telomeres in the clone G2 and G3 calves were lower than in controls (n = 6; P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, in the cloned cattle, the amount of telomeric DNA was drastically less than that of control animals during growth. Moreover, we examined the internal organs and tissues of a cloned cow at 30 months. The telomeres of leukocytes, cerebrum, spleen, cerebellum, hindbrain, and lung were a little smaller, whereas those of the liver, pituitary, kidney, and heart were slightly larger, than those of an age-matched cow. The results showed a remarkable difference in the amount of telomeric DNA between SCNT cloned cattle and normal cattle. Although the organs and tissues were not correlated, the amount of telomeres rapidly decreased with growth in cloned cattle. Conclusively, the telomeres of a cloned animal and its calves were significantly shorter than those of control cattle, and the short telomeres in calves could be inherited by progeny from their cloned mother.

scholarly journals Telomere Instability in Lynch Syndrome Families Leads to Some Shorter Telomeres in MSH2+/- Carriers

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
M. Carmen Garrido-Navas ◽  
Frances Tippins ◽  
Julian Barwell ◽  
Jonathan Hoffman ◽  
Veryan Codd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lynch Syndrome ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Short Tandem Repeats ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Cell Turnover ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Telomeric Dna ◽  
Dna Mismatch ◽  
And Control ◽  
Short Tandem

Lynch syndrome (LS) is an inherited predisposition to early onset of various cancers, caused by mutation in a DNA mismatch repair (MMR) gene. In heterozygous MMR+/− carriers, somatic mutation, loss or silencing of the wild type allele increases the mutation rate, facilitating the initiation of MMR-defective cancers. These cancers are characterized by instability at short tandem repeats (STRs) and in telomeric DNA. We have investigated telomere length in saliva DNA from LS and control families, using single telomere analysis at XpYp and 12q and by qPCR to measure total telomeric DNA. Single telomere analysis showed a trend for shorter XpYp telomeres in MSH2+/− carriers compared to MLH1+/− carriers or controls, but this was masked in the comparative analysis of total telomeric DNA. Comparison of age-adjusted telomere length within families showed that neither MSH2+/− or MLH1+/− children had consistently shorter or longer telomeres than their MMR+/− parent, indicating the absence of an inter-generational effect on telomere length. Unexpectedly however, wildtype children in families with MSH2 mutations, had significantly longer XpYp telomeres than their MMR+/− parent. Altogether our data suggest that MMR insufficiency, particularly in MSH2+/− carriers, increases telomere instability and somatic cell turnover during the lifetime of LS mutation carriers but has minimal consequences for telomere length in the germline.

A computer-control program for TEM in situ fatigue experiments

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 620-621
Author(s):  
Kenneth S. Vecchio ◽  
John A. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Slow Crack Growth ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Video Tape ◽  
Computer Control System ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
In Situ Experiments ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
And Control

In-situ experiments conducted within a transmission electron microscope provide the operator a unique opportunity to directly observe microstructural phenomena, such as phase transformations and dislocation-precipitate interactions, “as they happen”. However, in-situ experiments usually require a tremendous amount of experimental preparation beforehand, as well as, during the actual experiment. In most cases the researcher must operate and control several pieces of equipment simultaneously. For example, in in-situ deformation experiments, the researcher may have to not only operate the TEM, but also control the straining holder and possibly some recording system such as a video tape machine. When it comes to in-situ fatigue deformation, the experiments became even more complicated with having to control numerous loading cycles while following the slow crack growth. In this paper we will describe a new method for conducting in-situ fatigue experiments using a camputer-controlled tensile straining holder.The tensile straining holder used with computer-control system was manufactured by Philips for the Philips 300 series microscopes. It was necessary to modify the specimen stage area of this holder to work in the Philips 400 series microscopes because the distance between the optic axis and holder airlock is different than in the Philips 300 series microscopes. However, the program and interfacing can easily be modified to work with any goniometer type straining holder which uses a penrmanent magnet motor.

Advanced Fringe Analysis Techniques in Circuit Edit

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.K. Jain ◽  
T. Malik ◽  
T.R. Lundquist ◽  
C.-C. Tsao ◽  
W.J. Walecki
Keyword(s):  
Imaging System ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Endpoint Detection ◽  
Fringe Analysis ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Aspect Ratios ◽  
Slope Correction ◽  
Trench Area ◽  
And Control ◽  
Thickness Measurements

Abstract Novel Fabry Perot [1] fringe analysis techniques for monitoring the etching process with a coaxial photon-ion column [2] in the Credence OptiFIB are reported. Presently the primary application of these techniques in circuit edit is in trenching either from the front side or from the backside of a device. Optical fringes are observed in reflection geometry through the imaging system when the trench floor is thin and semi-transparent. The observed fringes result from optical interference in the etalon formed between the trench floor (Si in the case of backside trenching) and the circuitry layer beyond the trench floor. In-situ real-time thickness measurements and slope correction techniques are proposed that improve endpoint detection and control planarity of the trench floor. For successful through silicon edits, reliable endpoint detection and co-planarity of a local trench is important. Reliable endpoint detection prevents milling through bulk silicon and damaging active circuitry. Uneven trench floor thickness results in premature endpoint detection with sufficient thickness remaining in only part of the trench area. Good co-planarity of the trench floor also minimizes variability in the aspect ratios of the edit holes, hence increasing success rates in circuit edit.

Interphase Quantitative Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (IQ-FISH)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Y. Iourov ◽  
◽  
Ilia V. Soloviev ◽  
Yuri B. Yurov ◽  
Svetlana G. Vorsanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Quantitative Fluorescence

scholarly journals Physical mapping of repetitive oligonucleotides facilitates the establishment of a genome map-based karyotype to identify chromosomal variations in peanut

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liuyang Fu ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Lina Li ◽  
Tao Lang ◽  
Junjia Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Physical Mapping ◽  
Tandem Repeats ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Reference Sequence ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Genome Map ◽  
Chromosomal Variants

Abstract Background Chromosomal variants play important roles in crop breeding and genetic research. The development of single-stranded oligonucleotide (oligo) probes simplifies the process of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and facilitates chromosomal identification in many species. Genome sequencing provides rich resources for the development of oligo probes. However, little progress has been made in peanut due to the lack of efficient chromosomal markers. Until now, the identification of chromosomal variants in peanut has remained a challenge. Results A total of 114 new oligo probes were developed based on the genome-wide tandem repeats (TRs) identified from the reference sequences of the peanut variety Tifrunner (AABB, 2n = 4x = 40) and the diploid species Arachis ipaensis (BB, 2n = 2x = 20). These oligo probes were classified into 28 types based on their positions and overlapping signals in chromosomes. For each type, a representative oligo was selected and modified with green fluorescein 6-carboxyfluorescein (FAM) or red fluorescein 6-carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA). Two cocktails, Multiplex #3 and Multiplex #4, were developed by pooling the fluorophore conjugated probes. Multiplex #3 included FAM-modified oligo TIF-439, oligo TIF-185-1, oligo TIF-134-3 and oligo TIF-165. Multiplex #4 included TAMRA-modified oligo Ipa-1162, oligo Ipa-1137, oligo DP-1 and oligo DP-5. Each cocktail enabled the establishment of a genome map-based karyotype after sequential FISH/genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and in silico mapping. Furthermore, we identified 14 chromosomal variants of the peanut induced by radiation exposure. A total of 28 representative probes were further chromosomally mapped onto the new karyotype. Among the probes, eight were mapped in the secondary constrictions, intercalary and terminal regions; four were B genome-specific; one was chromosome-specific; and the remaining 15 were extensively mapped in the pericentric regions of the chromosomes. Conclusions The development of new oligo probes provides an effective set of tools which can be used to distinguish the various chromosomes of the peanut. Physical mapping by FISH reveals the genomic organization of repetitive oligos in peanut chromosomes. A genome map-based karyotype was established and used for the identification of chromosome variations in peanut following comparisons with their reference sequence positions.

scholarly journals The Importance of Interphases in Energy Storage Devices: Methods and Strategies to Investigate and Control Interfacial Processes

Physchem ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-44
Author(s):  
Chiara Ferrara ◽  
Riccardo Ruffo ◽  
Piercarlo Mustarelli
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Solid Electrolyte Interphase ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Lithium Metal Batteries ◽  
And Control ◽  
Near Future

Extended interphases are playing an increasingly important role in electrochemical energy storage devices and, in particular, in lithium-ion and lithium metal batteries. With this in mind we initially address the differences between the concepts of interface and interphase. After that, we discuss in detail the mechanisms of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation in Li-ion batteries. Then, we analyze the methods for interphase characterization, with emphasis put on in-situ and operando approaches. Finally, we look at the near future by addressing the issues underlying the lithium metal/electrolyte interface, and the emerging role played by the cathode electrolyte interphase when high voltage materials are employed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document