228 COLLECTION AND EVALUATION OF SEMEN OF SLOTH (BRADYPUS TRIDACTYLUS)

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
M. A. Peres ◽  
A. B. Nascimento ◽  
V. P. Oliveira ◽  
C. Yamada ◽  
A. C. Nicacio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unique Feature ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Morphological Evaluation ◽  
Semen Collection ◽  
Oscillatory Movement ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Fresh Semen ◽  
Group 1

Sloths are animals that suffer with the destruction and fragmentation of forests. They experience a low population growth rate and need to be studied further for the preservation of the species. The objective of this study was to contribute data relevant to the reproductive physiology of this species, selecting a semen collection method and evaluating seminal characteristics that have never before been described in the literature. Fifteen Bradypus tridactylus males were captured in Manaus, Brazil. Nine of them were captured during the first half of 2004 (Group 1) and the others during the second half (Group 2). The animals were anesthetized with an i.m. injection of a combination of ketamine (10 mg/kg) and xylasine (1 mg/kg). Semen was collected by electroejaculaton using a rectal probe designed for domestic cats. Electrostimulations were given with a 0-100 mA/0-12 V variable electrostimulator in sequences of three progressive intensities, with ten repetitions at each intensity and variation of 10 mA between them. They started with 20 mA and peaked at 60 mA. Each stimulus lasted about 3 s. It was not possible to define the best intensity of stimulus to use and ejaculation could take place at any time of the stimulation (Fisher's exact test). Sperm motility and vigor were immediately analyzed. Sperm count was determined in a Neubauer chamber at a 1:50 (v:v) dilution in formol-saline. Morphology was examined at the same dilution. Fresh semen smears were made and stained using Spermac Stain� (Minit�b, Tiefenbach, Germany) protocol for a better evaluation of the spermatozoa acrosome and midpiece. In both methods 200 cells were counted for morphological evaluation. All animals ejaculated approximately 30 �L to 90 �L of semen. In some ejaculates the semen was too thin and flowed down the penis, so that the volume effectively collected was not sufficient for a complete spermiogram. Spermatozoa presented a wide variety of defects, and some physical characteristics differed (not significantly) between samples collected during the first and second halves of the year. Motility and vigor were very low, the sperm did not show forward progression, only oscillatory movement. However, a high percentage (80%) of spermatozoa were moving. The concentration in Group 1 ranged from 5000 spermatozoa/mm3 to 685 500 spermatozoa/mm3 (mean � 218 571.4 � 242 499.4). Sperm concentation was not assessed in Group 2. The morphology of the head could be elongated or squared, or the head could have a base narrower than the apex. The tail showed a unique feature: the midpiece narrowed abruptly, forming a nip in its transition to the tail. This was similar in appearance to the segmental aplasia of the mitochondrial sheath, but it was considered normal because it was observed in all spermatozoa. Although further studies are necessary to standardize the semen evaluation of sloths and to define the best protocol for electroejaculation, this pioneering study has shown the characteristics of sloth spermatozoa and the possibility of collecting semen throughout the electroejaculation process in this species. This work was supported by Fapesp 03/07457-4.

scholarly journals 173TRANSFER OF VITRIFIED BLASTOCYSTS FROM ONE OR TWO SUPEROVULATED LARGE WHITE HYPERPROLIFIC DONORS TO MEISHAN RECIPIENTS: REPRODUCTIVE PARAMETERS AT DAY 30 OF PREGNANCY

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
C. Cuello ◽  
F. Berthelot ◽  
F. Martinat-Botté ◽  
P. Guillouet ◽  
V. Furstoss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Large White ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Fresh Semen ◽  
Group 1

The present study was designed to determine the effect of pooling embryos from two donors on the reproductive success of transfer of vitrified/warmed porcine blastocysts. Superovulated Large White hyperprolific gilts (n=24) were used as embryo donors. Gilts were artificially inseminated 12 and 24h after initial detection of estrus using fresh semen, and slaughtered on Days 5.5 to 6 of the estrous cycle (Day 0=Onset of estrus). Embryos were recovered by flushing the uterine horns, and unhatched blastocysts were selected. Vitrification and warming were performed as reported previously (Berthelot et al., 2000 Cryobiology 41, 116–124). Embryo transfers were conducted in asynchronous (−24h) Meishan gilts (n=20). Twenty vitrified/warmed blastocysts were surgically transferred into one uterine horn. Ten recipients received embryos from one donor (group 1) and the other ten transfers were performed with mixed embryos from two donors (group 2). Pregnancy was assessed ultrasonographically at Day 25 after estrus and recipients were slaughtered five days later. The pregnancy rate from the different groups was compared using Fisher exact test. The GLM procedure of SAS was used to determine the effect of the origin of embryos (one or two donors) on the number of developed fetuses and viable fetuses at Day 30 of pregnancy. The ovulation rate was 32.5±11.8 (mean±SD). The total number of embryos collected was 634, of which 57 (9.0%), 36 (5.7%), 513 (80.9%) and 28 (4.4%), were unfertilized oocytes and degenerated embryos, morulae, unhatched blastocysts and hatched blastocysts, respectively. The ratio of collected embryos to the number of corpora lutea was 81.3%. The pregnancy rate for group 1 (70%) was not different (P>0.05) than that for group 2 (90%). No significant differences were detected between group 1 and group 2 for in vivo embryo development (number fetuses/transferred embryos in pregnant recipients; 33.3% v. 40%) or in vivo embryo survival (number viable fetuses/transferred embryos in pregnant recipients; 27.9% v. 33.9%). However, the in vivo efficiency (number viable fetuses/total transferred embryos) was higher (P<0.05) when transfers were performed with embryos from two donors (19.5% v. 30.5%). These results indicate that pooling embryos from two donors increases the in vivo efficiency after transfer of vitrified/warmed porcine blastocysts. This study was supported by grant from SENECA (FPI/99, Spain).

scholarly journals Impact of percutaneous embolization versus subinguinal microsurgical ligation on semen parameters in primary varicocele patients: comparative study

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Haytham M. Nasser ◽  
Ahmed Hussein ◽  
Gad M. Behairy ◽  
Mostafa Abdo
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Count ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Male Factor ◽  
Percutaneous Embolization ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background Varicocele is an abnormally dilated pampiniform plexus of the veins within the spermatic cord and is considered the most common correctable cause of male factor infertility. Many approaches are described for treatment either surgical (tradition inguinal, subinguinal, and laparoscopic) or non-surgical percutaneous embolization. During the period from August 2017 to December 2018, we prospectively analyzed the preoperative and post-operative alteration of semen parameters (at 3 and 9 months) of the data collected from 63 patients with clinically evident varicocele referred to our tertiary hospital. Patients were divided into two groups: group 1, thirty-three patients who underwent subinguinal microsurgical ligation, and group 2, thirty patients who underwent percutaneous embolization. Results Sixty-three patients enrolled in this study were divided in two groups: group 1, patients who underwent surgery, and group 2, patients who underwent embolization; the mean age is 24.6 ± 1.27 years in group 1 and 23.7 ± 2 years in group 2; there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups as regards BMI, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking. Bilaterality was present in 15.2% of group 1 patients and 10% in group 2 patients (P value 0.06). Most of the patients were classified as grades 2 and 3 with no statistical significance regarding severity of the disease. Preoperative semen parameters for patients including sperm count, motility, and abnormal forms showed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Post-intervention semen analysis was done twice during follow-up after 3 months and 9 months from the date of intervention. After 3 months, the semen parameters were improved in both groups in spite of the higher sperm count in group 2 but with no statistical significance. After 9 months follow-up, semen analysis showed persistent increase in sperm mobility in group 1 patients in comparison to group 2 patients. Both groups had better improvement in count of normal form with no statistical significant change. Conclusion Improvement of semen parameters while treating primary varicocele by either subinguinal microsurgery approach or percutaneous embolization shows equivalent outcomes.

scholarly journals Sperm DNA fragmentation in men of different age

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
S. Sh. Khayat ◽  
E. E. Bragina ◽  
E. A. Arifulin ◽  
E. M. Lazareva ◽  
T. M. Sorokina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Sperm Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Dna Breaks ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Fragmented Dna ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The study objective is to analyze the content of spermatozoa with single and double-stranded DNA breaks in different age groups.Materials and methods. The level of DNA fragmentation was studied in 300 ejaculate samples obtained from 266 sub- or infertile men. The group 1 included 150 samples obtained from 131 patients under the age of 45 (21–44 years), the group 2 included 150 samples obtained from 135 patients above the age of 45 (45–68 years). Mean ages were 34.8 ± 3.9 and 48.6 ± 3.1 years, respectively. The number of sperm with fragmented DNA was evaluated using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method on ejaculate smears. The number of spermatozoa with >15 % of fragmented DNA was considered elevated. Standard semen analysis was performed in 117 and 97 men from the groups 1 and 2, respectively.Results. The number of sperm with fragmented DNA varied in ejaculated samples from 1.5 to 64.5 %. Mean number of sperm with DNA breaks in the group 1 (12.0 ± 6.0 %) was significantly lower than in the group 2 (16.1 ± 8.3 %, p <0.05). Mean sperm count in the ejaculate of the group 1 (267.0 ± 198.7 million) was significantly higher than in the group 2 (201.0 ± 162.9 million, p = 0.02).Conclusion. We revealed that in men over the age of 45 years, the percentage of spermatozoa with DNA fragmentation is higher than in men under 45 years of age, it may indirectly indicate an increased level of reactive oxygen species in the seminal plasma in older patients. 

scholarly journals Elevated antimeasles antibody titre: An association in autoimmune encephalitis

2015 ◽  
Vol 06 (04) ◽  
pp. 536-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Chandra ◽  
Thomas Gregor Issac ◽  
Mariamma Philip ◽  
A. Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis ◽  
Autoimmune Encephalitis ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Double Incontinence ◽  
Antibody Positivity ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Clonic Seizures ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT Introduction: Autoimmune encephalitis is a group of treatable noninfective encephalitic disorders with great clinical implications. They have a close resemblance to prion disease and some slow virus infections. We report the presence of significant titers of antimeasles antibody in some of our patients with autoimmune encephalitis resulting in diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Patients and Methods: Patients seen by us in the last 4 years with high titers (1:625 dilution) cerebrospinal fiuid (CSF) antimeasles antibody positivity were reviewed retrospectively. The data collected were assessed using SPSS- Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 15.0 (IBM corporation) software. The groups which showed elevated antimeasles antibody titers but did not have other parameters suggestive of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (Group 2) were segregated and compared with those who had the typical features (Group 1) using Fisher's Exact Test. Results: There were 33 patients with antimeasles antibody in CSF. Group 1 had 27 and Group 2 had 6 patients. Group 1 had lower age, cognitive dysfunction, slow myoclonus, less generalized tonic-clonic seizures, and focal seizures. Group 2 patients belonged to the higher age, had significant psychosis (P = 0.02), incontinence of bowel and bladder (P = 0.0001). Slow myoclonus was significant in the first group (P = 0.028), and weakness was significant in the second group (P = 0.028) and double incontinence in the second group (P = 0.0001). Magnetic resonance imaging showed significant gray matter and cerebellar involvement in Group 2 P = 0.005 and P = 0.028, respectively. Conclusions: Patients who show significant titers of antimeasles antibodies in the CSF but belonging to older age group with psychosis, generalized tonic-clonic seizures, double incontinence, focal myoclonus, and electroencephalographic and imaging noncorroborative need to be investigated for autoimmune encephalitis in view of the great prognostic and therapeutic relevance.

Transscrotal stimulation of the testes and epididymides improves urethral sperm collection in domestic cats

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
S. Prochowska ◽  
W. Niżański
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Semen Collection ◽  
Manual Stimulation ◽  
Urethral Catheterisation ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Stimulation Of

Urethral catheterisation after medetomidine administration is the method of choice for semen collection in cats, but it yields variable results. This study tested whether scrotal manual stimulation can improve urethral sperm collection in domestic cats. The study was performed on 20 male cats, from which two urethral semen samples were collected, one before and one after 2min of transscrotal finger massage of the testes and epididymides. Both sperm samples were assessed for total sperm count and motility using computer-aided sperm analysis, viability and morphology (eosin–nigrosin staining). The transscrotal manual stimulation allowed a significantly higher number of spermatozoa to be obtained (P=0.0015). Viability was similar before and after the stimulation (median 92% and 90.5%), whereas the number of motile (median 60% and 70%) and morphologically normal (median 17% and 30.5%) spermatozoa was higher in the second sample (P=0.03 and P=0.002 respectively), which confirms that transscrotal massage induced the expulsion of a fresh pool of spermatozoa into the urethra. Transscrotal stimulation of the testes and epididymides significantly improves urethral semen collection in domestic cats and can be easily introduced into clinical practice.

Abstract P860: Is Now the Time to Wake Up?

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn K Beland ◽  
Gregory Panza
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Hospital Arrival ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Thrombolytic treatment for patients who wake with acute ischemic stroke based on MRI DWI-FLAIR mismatch was added to AHA’s 2019 stroke guidelines. While changes were implemented to facilitate care in 2019, it was determined that managing each patient on a case-by-case basis would best use system resources. The spring of 2020 brought new challenges in delay to hospital arrival due to COVID-19. Purpose: Evaluate the current process of managing potential wake up treatment eligible patients. Methods: All ischemic stroke discharges during CT’s rise and peak of the pandemic were reviewed, January 1 - May 31, 2020. Records were reviewed to determine time of arrival, onset or last seen well, time found, NIHSS, treatment or hyperacute MRI done, and any contraindication based on wake up criteria. A chi-square of proportions or Fisher’s Exact test was used to examine the association between month of discharge and patient characteristics for categorical variables. A Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for the continuous NIHSS variable. Results: Since the first COVID-19 patients were admitted in early March, results from January and February were combined (Group 1 n=122) and compared to March, April and May (Group 2 n=143). There was a non-significant (p=0.48) increase from group 1 (62.3%) to group 2 (66.4%) in the percentage arriving more than 4.5 hours from onset or LSW. In addition, group 1 had higher NIHSSs than group 2 (median, IQR=6, 9 vs 3, 10, respectively), but this was not significant (p=0.27, H=1.21). This did however translate into fewer meeting wake up criteria for treatment during the rise and peak period (Group 1=6.6%, Group 2=2.8%; p=0.15). Use of hyperacute MRI was significantly higher in group 1 than group 2 (5.7% vs 0%, p=0.004) since no patients received a hyperacute MRI during peak pandemic. Conclusions: While more patients were expected to be eligible for acute thrombolytics using the wake up criteria due to delay in hospital arrival, this was not observed. Instead, patients arriving during the peak of the pandemic were less severe. Although a hyperacute MRI was still possible without confirmation of COVID-19 negative status, none were done. Enhancements to facilitate obtaining a hyperacute MRI are still needed regardless of reason for patient delay to hospital arrival.

scholarly journals Investigation of the effect of body mass index (BMI) on semen parameters and male reproductive system hormones

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Zeynel Keskin ◽  
Salih Budak ◽  
Evrim Emre Aksoy ◽  
Cem Yücel ◽  
Serkan Karamazak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Aim: To evaluate the effects of body mass index (BMI) ratio on semen parameters and serum reproductive hormones. Materials and methods: The data of 454 patients who prsented to male infertility clinics in our hospital between 2014 and 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. Weight, height, serum hormone levels and semen analysis results of the patients were obtained. BMI values were calculated by using the weight and height values of the patients and they were classified as group 1 for BMI values ≤ 25 kg/m2, as group 2 for BMI values 25-30 kg/m2 and as group 3 for BMI values ≥ 30 kg/m2. Results: The mean values of BMI, semen volume, concentration, total motility, progressive motility, total progressive motile sperm count (TPMSC), normal morphology according to Kruger, head abnormality, neck abnormality, tail abnormality, FSH, LH, prolactin, T/E2, total testosterone and estradiol parameters of the patients were considered. Patients were divided according to BMI values in Group 1 (n = 165), Group 2 (n = 222) and Group 3 (n = 56). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of all variables between the groups. Conclusions: We analyzed the relationship between BMI level and semen parameters and reproductive hormones, demonstrating no relationship between BMI and semen parameters. In our study, BMI does not affect semen parameters although it shows negative correlation with prolactin and testosterone levels.

scholarly journals The Effect of Metabolic Syndrome upon the Success of Varicocelectomy

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ufuk Ozturk ◽  
Nevzat Can Sener ◽  
Ismail Nalbant ◽  
Osman Raif Karabacak ◽  
Mustafa Gurhan Ulusoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Sperm Parameters ◽  
Spermatic Vein ◽  
Motile Sperm ◽  
Spontaneous Pregnancy ◽  
Normal Sperm ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Group 1

We aimed to investigate the impact of metabolic syndrome (MetS) on the varicocele treatment. 101 patients underwent spermatic vein ligation between 2007 and 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Those patients were divided into two groups as without (n: 56, Group 1) or with MetS (n: 48, Group 2). All the patients underwent left microsurgical subinguinal spermatic vein ligation. Groups were compared by the improvement on sperm parameters and spontaneous pregnancy rates at a mean of 19 (±4) months followup. When sperm parameters were compared postoperatively, the significant improvement in total sperm count, motile sperm count percentage, and normal sperm percentage was reported. The groups were compared to each other and the improvement seemed significantly better in Group 1. There was no statistically significant improvement difference in the normal sperm percentage between groups. Spontaneous pregnancy rate after two years was 45% in Group 1 and 34% in Group 2 (). Patients with MetS and varicocele improved after surgery, but not as well as the similar group without MetS. This may help to show that MetS can be a factor for male infertility.

scholarly journals Laparoscopic varicocelectomy in male infertility

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Seiler ◽  
Philipp Kneissl ◽  
Claudius Hamann ◽  
Klaus-Peter Jünemann ◽  
Daniar Osmonov
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Count ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Nonobstructive Azoospermia ◽  
Sperm Density ◽  
Reproductive Techniques ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Total Motile Sperm Count ◽  
Group 1

Summary Background The suitability of laparoscopic varicocelectomy for assisted reproductive technology depends on the improvement of semen parameters. The present study analyzed the improvement of semen parameters following laparoscopic varicocele ligation. Material and methods A retrospective study of the laparoscopic varicocele clippings at the Department of Urology of University Hospital of Kiel between the years 2007 and 2019 was conducted. The semen analyses according to WHO standards (sperm count, density, motility and morphology) were conducted before and 12 months after surgery. Screening for surgical complications took place at the time of the follow-up seminal analysis. Included were patients with oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia and/or teratozoospermia (group 1, OAT) or with nonobstructive azoospermia (group 2, NOA). Results This study included data of 27 patients and 22 patients presented preoperative OAT (81%, group 1). Another 5 patients showed NOA (19%, group 2). Data of group 1 showed that semen parameters normalized in 32% of the patients after surgery. Significant improvement in total sperm count (p < 0.005), sperm density (p < 0.005) and total motile sperm count (p < 0.005) was observed. No deterioration of semen parameters was observed. In group 2 we detected spermatozoa in 1 case in the postoperative ejaculate. None of the patients showed complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification, postoperative hydrocele formation or recurrence of varicocele at the time of control spermiogram. Conclusion Laparoscopic varicocelectomy is a valid therapeutic approach to improve semen parameters for further assisted reproductive techniques. Spermatogenesis may be induced for patients with NOA. Normalization of semen parameters can be achieved for patients with OAT.

scholarly journals Different estrus induction protocols and fixed time artificial insemination during the anoestrous period in non-lactating Kivircik ewes

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 801 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. DOGAN ◽  
Z. NUR ◽  
B. KILINC
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Breeding Period ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Fresh Semen ◽  
Group 1

The efficiency of medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP) sponges or norgestomet ear implants (half or entire) for synchronizing and inducing the estrous cycle in non-lactating Kivircik ewes was investigated during the natural non-breeding period. Ewes were treated for 11 days either with 60 mg MAP sponges (group 1, n=27) or with 1.5 mg norgestomet (group 2, n=25) or with 3 mg norgestomet (group 3, n=27) ear implants. In addition, each ewe received an intramuscular injection of 500 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and 125 μg cloprostenol (PGF2α), 48 h prior to progestagen removal. Double Cervical Artificial Insemination (AI) with diluted fresh semen was performed at a fixed time (36 and 48 h) following progestagen withdrawal. Mean values for estrous detection rates at the first 12 ± 6 h and within 72 h, the time from progestagen removal to the onset of estrous, the duration of the induced estrous and pregnancy rate were found to be 46.8%, 86.1%, 26.1 ± 7.3 h, 27.0 ± 10.7 h and 27.8%, respectively. There were significant differences between groups 2 and 3 in the time of induced estrous onset (P<0.05). These results indicate that, each of the three protocols was equally efficient in inducing and synchronizing estrus in non-lactating Kivircik ewes during the natural non-breeding period.

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