220 LIVE BIRTH OF A MOHOR GAZELLE (GAZELLA DAMA MHORR) CALF FOLLOWING INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION OF MOTHER WITH FROZEN - THAWED SEMEN

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Garde ◽  
M. Gomendio ◽  
G. Espeso ◽  
E. R. S. Roldan
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Intrauterine Insemination ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Reproductive Techniques

Gazella dama mhorr is an endangered species, and no animals have been observed in the wild since 1968. Assisted reproductive techniques have been used to propagate endangered species. However, no live offspring has been produced after cryopreservation of semen from gazelle species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether cryopreserved Mohor gazelle spermatozoa can fertilize in vivo after artificial insemination. Semen was collected by electroejaculation from four males and centrifuged at 700g for 5 min at room temperature. The supernatant was discarded, and the semen pellet was resuspended with a TEST-1% egg yolk diluent containing 6% glycerol to provide 400 � 106 spermatozoa/mL. The extended semen was loaded into 0.25-mL plastic straws, cooled slowly to 5�C, and equilibrated at 5�C for 2 h. Straws were frozen in nitrogen vapors for 10 min and then plunged into liquid nitrogen. After thawing (37�C, 30 s), the effects of cryopreservation on sperm motility and acrosomal integrity were examined. Percentage of motile sperm in fresh samples was 88.7 � 3.8% (mean � SEM), decreased (P < 0.0001) to 58.7 � 3.8% after freezing and thawing, and then to 40.0 � 3.8% after 120 min incubation at 37�C. Spermatozoa with normal acrosomes decreased (P < 0.0001) after freezing and thawing (from 94.5 � 4.2% to 56.0 � 4.2%), but did not significantly decrease after sperm incubation. Frozen spermatozoa from two males were used in an intrauterine insemination trial. Estrus of females (n = 15) was synchronized with controlled internal drug release (CIDR, InterAg, Hamilton, New Zealand). Single CIDRs (type G, 330 mg progesterone/device) were inserted intravaginally for a total of 13 days. On Day 10, devices were replaced in each animal and all females received an injection of prostaglandin F2� (PGF2�; 125 mg/female). At CIDR withdrawal, females received 250-300 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG: Folligon; Intervet, Salamanca, Spain). After anesthesia with an intravenous injection of xylazine hydrochloride (Rompun; Bayer, Madrid, Spain; 0.8 mg/kg live weight) and ketamine hydrochloride (Imalgene; Leti & Merieux, Madrid, Spain; 2.0 mg/kg live weight), eight females were inseminated with 100 � 106 frozen-thawed spermatozoa 56-57 h after removal of the CIDRs, and seven were inseminated after 64-65 h. Females were inseminated directly into the uterus using laparoscopy. Anesthesia was reversed with yohimbine hydrochloride (0.3 mg/kg live weight). One female in the second group became pregnant. After a 202-day gestation, the female gave birth to one healthy Mohor gazelle male calf. These results demonstrate for the first time the successful use of frozen-thawed semen by means of artificial insemination for the rescue of endangered gazelle species. However, our results reveal that a number of unresolved technical problems remain to be addressed. This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (REN2003-1587).

Oestrous synchronization, semen preservation and artificial insemination in the Mohor gazelle (Gazella dama mhorr) for the establishment of a genome resource bank programme

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
WV Holt ◽  
T Abaigar ◽  
HN Jabbour
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Lauryl Sulfate ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Semen Preservation ◽  
Sperm Motion ◽  
Extant Population

Gazella dama mhorr is an endangered species with an extant population of about 190 animals distributed between several zoos. Semen was collected by electro-ejaculation from 12 adult males, and cryopreserved in TEST-yolk diluent containing 6% glycerol. The effects of the concentration of egg yolk (5%, 10% and 20%) and the presence or absence of sodium triethanolamine lauryl sulfate (equex) on sperm motion and acrosomal integrity after thawing were examined. Increasing concentrations of egg yolk resulted in more acrosomal damage and poorer motility after thawing. The presence or absence of equex had no effect on either parameter. The frozen spermatozoa were used in an insemination trial, in which 13 females were treated with intravaginal progesterone-releasing devices to synchronize oestrus. Seven females were inseminated with frozen-thawed semen 48 h after removal of the devices, and six were inseminated after 60 h. Three females in the first group and one in the second group became pregnant. However, only one pregnancy (from the 48-h group) was carried to term. The study demonstrated the feasibility of applying artificial insemination in this species, but revealed that a number of outstanding technical problems remain to be solved.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF INTRAUTERINE INSEMINATION IN BREEDING SOWS

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 254-259
Author(s):  
V. O. Melnik ◽  
O. O. Kravchenko ◽  
О. S. Kohut
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Intrauterine Insemination ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Large White ◽  
Large White Breed ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
White Breed ◽  
Breeding Farms

Improving of fertility indicators and reproductive qualities of sows during artificial insemination in farms of different specializations is very topical issue. The introduction of artificial insemination of sows on breeding farms by the spermdoses of optimum volume, by the frozen-thawed and sex sperm requires the introduction of innovative reproductive technologies. The use of economical methods of artificial insemination of sows using a minimum number of sperm in a small volume of spermdose in order to achieve high rates of fertility and prolificacy was proven in numerous experiments of the authors. Significantly reduced spermdose may be sufficient if the sperm enters deep enough into the uterus. Vitality of sperm does not depend on the size of spermdose, but the best place for sperm to survive one oviducts where they keep the fertilizing capacity from 9 to 27 hours. So deep intrauterine insemination of sows improves conditions for sperm survival The aim was to study the feasibility and justification for widespread implementation in to production on breeding farms of intrauterine insemination of sows morder to increase their fertilization and prolificacy and  to save the boar sperm with the highest index of breeding values. Experiments were conducted in terms of selection and genetic center of Agrofirm "Mig-Service-Agro" in Mykolaiv region. In the experiment used 65 sows of live weight of 280-320 kg wiht 2-4 farrowing were. Sows in sexual hunting were showed once daily in the morning using a boar-prober. Artificial insemination was performed twice: the first time - in the afternoon and at 14-16 p.m. The second time – in the morning of the next day at 9-10 am. For artificial insemination of sows were ed using experimental spermodes with volume of 40 ml which contained 1.5 billion of a Active sperm. For the dilution of sperm was used Durasperm - KRUUSE (Denmark) the period of sperm perpetuation is 5-7 days. To enter the were semen used catheters Magaplus S, (Spain) for intrauterine insemination of sows. Analysis shows that the period from weaning to insemination has significant difference comparing sows of large White breed with Landrace breed (p <0.001), with genotype sows F1 (p <0.01) and sows of the Duroc breed (p <0.05). For all selected 65 sows duration of suckling period, was estimated which averaged 32.2 days and the average time from weaning of pigs to their sexual inclination and the first intrauterine insemination 6.8 days that meets the physiological norm. After intrauterine insemination of sows of then 48 farrowed, which wich made for 73.9%. іncluding live 5 emergency farrow  were obtained, representing 10.4% of all amount. Percentage of farrow is considered physiologically normal – 80%, or more of total insemined sows. The very low percentage of farrow 53.3% had of sows F1, and the highest percentage was found by sows of the Duroc breed – 85.7%. Pregnency of sows were received just 17, which made 26.1% and highest percentage – 46.7% was set by sows F1. Analysis of the pregnancy sows shows that on average it is 116.2 days was the longest – 117.1 days was set in Landrace breed sows and the short est 115.5 days in Large White breed, but the difference is not significant. 571 pigs were received, іncluding live 451 head, which is 78.9%. The largest percentage of іncluding live piglets obtained from sows F1 – 82.5%, and the lowest in Landrace breeds – 77.0% and Large White – 77.3%. Exit of all piglets per sow without emergency farrowings is 12.2, іncluding live – 9,8. The highest yield were obtained piglets from sows F1 – 13.1, іncluding live – 10.9, the lowest yield of sows of the Duroc breed – 10.6, іncluding live 9.1, which has significant difference compared with the control (IDPs) and other breeds.  After intrauterine insemination 8 sows showed cyclic deregulation in 20-25 days, ie repeated sexual hunt took place on average 22.3 days. These sows were inseminated by not fractional way, they farrowed and an average litter just 13.1 piglets per sow, іncluding live - 11.3 was obtained. Repeating after intrauterine insemination on 45-48-49 day in the sexual hunt came about three sows for artificial insemination by not fractional method 3 farrowed and was obtained output – 13.3 piglets, іncluding live – 11.7. It should be noted that the best sow Large White breed №12 after intrauterine insemination bore 16 pigs, іncluding live 11, sow of Landrace breed №1556 – 18 pigs, іncluding live 12, Duroc №5888 – 13 pigs, іncluding live 11, sow F1 №167 – 20 pigs, іncluding live 14 pigs. Breeding requires more careful handling with major sows taking into account their breeding value and cost, that’s why we believe that there is no need to risk causing injury genitals with intrauterine insemination if a sufficient number of spermdoses of boars-sires exist.

Microencapsulation of bovine spermatozoa for use in artificial insemination: a review

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 701 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Nebel ◽  
R Vishwanath ◽  
WH McMillan ◽  
RG Saacke
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Physical Stress ◽  
Protamine Sulfate ◽  
Membrane Thickness ◽  
Normal Fertility ◽  
Bovine Spermatozoa ◽  
Potential Use

A technique for microencapsulation of bovine spermatozoa has been developed with minimal spermatozoal injury and thus of potential use in artificial insemination. The polymers poly-l-lysine, polyvinylamine and protamine sulfate have proven best for membranes. Encapsulation has been successful with capsules ranging in size from 0.75 to 1.5 mm, and with sperm concentrations from 45 to 180 x 10(6) cells mL-1. Successful extenders include CUE, CAPROGEN, and egg yolk-citrate-glycerol (maximum 10% v/v egg yolk for normal capsular shape). Capsule fragility (ability to rupture under ageing and physical stress) is negatively related to membrane thickness which ranges from 1.92 to 5.32 microns (depending on the concentration of polymer used) and positively related to concentration of sperm encapsulated. Heterospermic studies have shown that encapsulated sperm are capable of fertilization in vivo, but are at a disadvantage to unencapsulated sperm when cows are inseminated at conventional times. Uterine retention of inseminates is favoured by capsules having a 'sticky' membrane. Using current procedures, preliminary homospermic fertility studies indicate that sperm encapsulated with poly-l-lysine or protamine sulfate may achieve normal fertility.

scholarly journals Current status and advances in ram semen cryopreservation

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 911 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. NTEMKA ◽  
I. A. TSAKMAKIDIS ◽  
E. KIOSSIS ◽  
A. MILOVANOVIĆ ◽  
C. M. BOSCOS
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Freezing Process ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Semen Cryopreservation ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Fertilizing Ability ◽  
Semen Preservation

Ram semen cryopreservation contributes to genetic improvement through artificial insemination, eliminates geographical barriers in artificial insemination application and supports the preservation of endangered breeds thus the conservation of biodiversity. Sperm freezing process induces ultrastructural, biochemical and functional changes of spermatozoa. Especially, spermatozoa’s membranes and chromatin can be damaged, sperm membranes’ permeability is increased, hyper oxidation and formation of reactive oxygen species takes place, affecting fertilizing ability and subsequent early embryonic development. Aiming to improve ram frozen-thawed semen’s fertilizing capacity, many scientific investigations took place. Among them the composition of semen extenders, was a main point of interest. Semen preservation extenders regulate and support an environment of adequate pH and buffering capacity to protect spermatozoa from osmotic and cryogenic stress. Therefore, permeating (glycerol, dimethyl sulfoxide) and non-permeat ing (egg yolk, skimmed milk) cryoprotectants, sugars (glucose, lactose, trehalose, raffinose), salts (sodium citrate, citric acid) and antioxidants (amino acids, vitamins, enzymes) have been added and tested. Moreover, semen dilution rate, storage temperature, cooling rate and thawing protocol, are also some key factors that have been studied. The research results of this scientific topic are encouraging, not only about the freezing and thawing procedures, but also about the improvement of the additives’ properties. However, further research is needed to enhance the fertilizing ability of ram frozen-thawed semen, making its use practical in sheep reproductive management by the application of cervical artificial insemination.

12 GENERATION OF RAT OFFSPRING DERIVED FROM CRYOPRESERVED SPERMATOZOA IN JAPANESE NATIONAL BIORESOURCES

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 124 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kashiwazaki ◽  
Y. Seita ◽  
K. Naoi ◽  
A. Takizawa ◽  
T. Kuramoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Intrauterine Insemination ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Rat Strains ◽  
High Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Cryopreserved Sperm ◽  
Humidified Air ◽  
Thawing Procedure

The purpose of the National BioResource project is to facilitate the availability of genetically and phenotypically standardized rat strains for life sciences. The BioResource is available to scientists worldwide. To bank genetic resources efficiently in the rat, cryopreservation of both sperm and embryos is a very important technology. The objective of the present study was to confirm the ability of banked and transported rat spermatozoa to fertilize oocytes through intrauterine insemination and for the embryos to develop to term, with the ultimate aim of developing a system for banking rat genetic resources. The epidydimal spermatozoa from the KLM rat, whose body size is small because the Prkg2 gene is partially defective, were frozen with egg yolk medium supplemented with 0.7% Equex Stm (Nakatsukasa et al. 2001 Reproduction 122, 463–467) and banked in the Institute of Laboratory Animals, Kyoto University. The cryopreserved sperm in 0.25-mL straws were transported to the laboratory at Azabu University, Kanagawa. Two straws from different males were thawed in a 37�C water bath for 15 s. Thawed semen was diluted with 1.0 mL of mR1ECM (Miyoshi et al. 1997 Biol. Reprod. 56, 180–185) with 0.4% (w/v) bovine serum albumin (BSA, fraction V; Sigma-Aldrich Japan K.K., Tokyo, Japan) at 37�C and then incubated at 37�C in 5% CO2 in humidified air until insemination. The percentage of motile spermatozoa was assessed visibly and determined by direct observation at 37�C under a light microscope at 100�. The thawed semen (50 �L, 3–4 � 105 sperm cells) was then inseminated into the top of both uterine horns of recipient females that were mated with a vasectomized male. The post-thaw motility of frozen spermatozoa was 10%. Seven of 15 inseminated females became pregnant and 13 live pups were born. It is thought that the low number of pups born in spite of the relatively high pregnancy rate was caused by sperm damage during the freezing and thawing procedure. The results of the present study show that rat spermatozoa cryopreserved in the BioResource have the ability to revive genetic resources through intrauterine insemination.

143. THE FIRST EVIDENCE OF HIGH SUSCEPTIBILITY TO COLD SHOCK BY THE SPERMATOZOA OF A MARSUPIAL, THE FAT TAILED DUNNART (SMINTHOPSIS CRASSICAUDATA)

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
N. A. Czarny ◽  
J. C. Rodger
Keyword(s):  
Cold Shock ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Tasmanian Devil ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Sminthopsis Crassicaudata ◽  
Captive Populations ◽  
Iced Water ◽  
Reproductive Techniques ◽  
Paradigm Shifting

Carnivorous marsupials are native Australian predators including the highly threatened northern quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus) and Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii). These species are currently actively managed in captive populations but assisted reproductive techniques such as gamete banking may also contribute to their conservation. Previous studies on a model dasyurid, the fat tailed dunnart (Sminthopsis crassicaudata), have found that spermatozoa do not survive freezing and thawing using a variety of freezing protocols and cryoprotectants. We have re-examined cold shock to investigate problems with sperm cryopreservation in S. crassicaudata. Epididymal spermatozoa were rapidly cooled to 0.5ºC in a pre-cooled tube held in an iced water slurry and upon re-warming the spermatozoa were non-motile (n=6). The addition of up to 20% egg yolk, which is considered protective to the spermatozoa of cold shock sensitive eutherians, did not improve the outcome (n=6). Similarly when S. crassicaudata spermatozoa were rapidly cooled to 4ºC, just 2% remained motile upon re-warming (n=10). However when spermatozoa were combined with at least 10% egg yolk and rapidly cooled to 4ºC only small reductions in motility were observed upon rewarming (n≥8). In order to achieve motile spermatozoa at 0ºC, controlled rate cooling at 0.5ºC/minute was examined. In the absence of egg yolk there was a decline in the percentage of motile spermatozoa below 4ºC (n=6). However if spermatozoa were combined with at least 10% egg yolk there was no significant loss of motility at temperatures as low as 0ºC (n=6). This study has revealed that at least one species of marsupial is highly susceptible to cold shock. These paradigm shifting findings give direction to future experiments aiming to develop a robust technique for sperm preservation in endangered dasyurids.

Pyospermia and spermophagy in semen of the red wolf

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
James K. Koehler ◽  
Carrol C. Platz ◽  
Will Waddell ◽  
Michael H. Jones
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Endangered Species ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Southeastern United States ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Canis Rufus ◽  
Red Wolf ◽  
In The Wild

The red wolf (Canis rufus) inhabited the Southeastern United States until the early 1900's when aggressive hunting and a shrinking primitive habitat virtually eradicated the species. C. rufus was certified as an endangered species in 1967 and was essentially extinct in the wild by 1980. About 200 animals are preserved in zoos and captive breeding facilities where efforts are underway to increase the stock. Since a shrinking gene pool and captive stress may reduce reproductive vigor, we undertook an electron microscopic examination of red wolf semen used for artificial insemination at the Graham, WA breeding facility of the Point Defiance Zoo.Animals were anesthetized with 175 mg. Telazol, IM before electroejaculation using a rectal probe Semen was washed in PBS prior to fixation in 1.25% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate, post fixed in OsO4, dehydrated in alcohol and propylene oxide and embedded in Epon 812. Some samples were incubated in capacitation or maintenance media for several hours before fixation as above.

Artificial insemination of farmed fallow deer (Dama dama): fixed-time insemination at a synchronized oestrus

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 487-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Asher ◽  
J. L. Adam ◽  
R. W. James ◽  
D. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Intrauterine Insemination ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Dama Dama ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Plastic Products

ABSTRACTTwo trials were conducted in 1986 on artificial insemination of female fallow deer at fixed intervals from the cessation of oestrous synchronization treatment. Semen had been collected previously from mature bucks by electroejaculation and extended in sodium citrate/egg yolk diluent.In the first trial involving a comparison of the fertilization rates of fresh and frozen-thawed semen delivered intravaginally, 57 does each received a single intravaginal progesterone-releasing device (CIDRtype S, Carter Holt Harvey Plastic Products Group Ltd, Hamilton, NZ) for a 14-day period early in the 1986 breeding season. All does were inseminated intravaginally with either fresh (no. = 26) or frozenthawed (no. = 31) semen (85 × 106 motile spermatozoa per inseminate) at 48 h after CIDR removal. The apparent conception rates for the two types of semen were 65·4% and 64·5% respectively (P > 0·1) and the actual fawning rates were 500% and 48·4% respectively (P > 0·1).In the second trial involving an investigation of the feasibility of laparoscopic intrauterine insemination, 55 does were synchronized as for the first trial. At 56 to 58 h from CIDR removal, the does were anaesthetized and laparoscopically inseminated with frozen-thawed semen (85 × 106 motile spermatozoa per animal) by direct injection into both uterine horns. Anaesthesia was reversed immediately following artificial insemination. The apparent conception rate was 47·3% and the actual fawning rate was 41·8%.Data from both trials indicate that reasonable fawning rates can be obtained for artificially inseminated fallow deer. Between 11 and 25% of does expected to fawn did not and this may represent embryonic mortality attributable to the method of oestrus/ovulation synchronization.

3 APPLICATION OF LAPAROSCOPIC OVIDUCTAL ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION FOR CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT OF BRAZILIAN OCELOTS AND AMUR TIGERS

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Lambo ◽  
H. L. Bateman ◽  
W. F. Swanson
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Panthera Tigris ◽  
Motile Sperm ◽  
Amur Tiger ◽  
Viable Offspring ◽  
Offspring Production ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Reproductive Techniques

The Brazilian ocelot (Leopardus pardalis mitis) and Amur tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) are 2 iconic cat species that are becoming increasingly imperiled in the wild. Although both felids are managed in North American zoos by species survival plans (SSP), their long-term sustainability has proven difficult through captive breeding alone, necessitating the development and application of assisted reproductive techniques. Our recent progress using laparoscopic oviducal artificial insemination (LO-AI) in domestic cats (Conforti et al. 2013 Biol. Reprod. 89, 1–9) suggested that this approach could help improve reproductive management of nondomestic felids. In this study, our objectives were to (1) assess ovarian and endocrine responses to 2 exogenous gonadotropin regimens in ocelots and Amur tigers, and (2) investigate fertility and offspring production following LO-AI with freshly collected and/or frozen–thawed semen in both felid species. Female ocelots (n = 13) and Amur tigers (n = 10), housed at 16 North American zoos and recommended for breeding by the Ocelot and Tiger SSP, were treated with 2 different eCG/porcine LH (pLH) regimens (400 or 600 IU of eCG, 3000 IU of pLH, ocelots; 750 or 1000 IU of eCG, 10 000 IU of pLH, tigers). Ovarian responses were evaluated laparoscopically at 39 to 45 h post-pLH, and ovulatory females were inseminated using low numbers of freshly collected or frozen–thawed spermatozoa (≤5 million motile sperm/oviduct). Serially collected fecal samples from each female were lyophilized, extracted, and assessed via enzyme immunoassay for oestrogen and progesterone metabolite profiles. Most ocelots (11/13, 85%) and tigers (7/10, 70%) ovulated following gonadotropin treatment, with no difference (P > 0.05) between eCG dosages in mean (± s.e.m.) follicle or corpus luteum (CL) number in ocelots (11.5 ± 4.2 follicles, 2.8 ± 1.0 CL, 400 IU of eCG; 9.9 ± 5.2 follicles, 3.1 ± 1.3 CL, 600 IU of eCG) or tigers (9.0 ± 4.6 follicles, 4.0 ± 2.8 CL, 750 IU of eCG; 12.7 ± 4.4 follicles, 6.0 ± 1.7 CL, 1000 IU of eCG). Similarly, peak fecal hormone concentrations did not differ (P > 0.05) between regimens, except for slightly greater (P ≤ 0.05) progesterone levels for 10 days post-treatment with the higher eCG dose in tigers. Independent t-tests were used for all statistical calculations. One Brazilian ocelot and 1 Amur tiger conceived following LO-AI with freshly collected semen (10 × 106 motile sperm, ocelot; 0.15 × 106 motile sperm, tiger), with each producing 1 viable offspring after an 83-day and 103-day gestation, respectively. These births represent the second ocelot and first tiger produced by LO-AI. Our findings indicate that high and low eCG dosages may be equivalent and that viable offspring can be produced following LO-AI with relatively low sperm numbers in both species. Further refinement of ovarian synchronization and semen cryopreservation methods may be necessary for LO-AI to be applied routinely for ocelot and tiger conservation efforts. Funded by the Institute of Museum and Library Services, Riverbanks Zoo & Garden and Minnesota Zoo; with thanks to Ocelot & Tiger SSP, and participating zoos).

Cryopreservation and fertility of frozen thawed Chegu goat semen

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sharma ◽  
P. Sood
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Semen Cryopreservation ◽  
Livestock Species ◽  
Progressive Motility ◽  
Seminal Parameters

Goats are important livestock species of India. Chegu is a pashmina producing goat native to the cold arid region of Himachal Pradesh (H.P.), India. Semen cryopreservation from six Chegu elite males (aged 2.05±0.40 years; weighed 29.16±2.02 kg) was practiced using Tris Citrate Egg Yolk extender containing 10% EY and 6% Glycerol. Gross semen parameters includes volume (0.80.85±0.07 ml), color (Creamy white to yellowish), concentration (2238.5±231.0 x106 spermatozoa/ml) and mass motility (3.92±0.03).The significant changes (P less than 0.01) in post thaw seminal parameters (75.48±0.69 v/s 37.38±0.90; progressive motility), viability (75.79±0.95 v/s 48.25±1.78), morphological abnormalities (5.64±0.29 v/s 7.02±0.32) and HOST reactive spermatozoa (64.07±1.75 v/s 43.35±1.79) were observed in present study. Artificial insemination using frozen thawed semen having concentration (150 x106 spermatozoa/straw) from three different bucks was practiced in 40 synchronized goats with conception rate of 42.5 per cent. Non-significant variations amongst different bucks were observed with birth of 1.12 kids per doe and twinning rate of 11.8 per cent. It was concluded that semen cryopreservation along with artificial insemination can be practiced in Chegu goats to improve the population of this endangered species.

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