167 THE SUPPLEMENTATION OF GRANULOCYTE-MACROPHAGE COLONY STIMULATING FACTOR (GM-CSF) PROMOTES THE DEVELOPMENT OF NUCLEAR TRANSFERRED BOVINE EMBRYOS

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
D. H. Kim ◽  
S. W. Kim ◽  
B. C. Yang ◽  
G. S. Im ◽  
H. S. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Apoptotic Cells ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is secreted by epithelial cells lining the female reproductive tract in mice and several other species. GM-CSF receptors are present in the fertilized oocyte and in all subsequent stages of development, and in blastocysts it is expressed in both inner cell mass and trophectoderm cells. Recent studies suggest that GM-CSF can act as a survival factor for the developing embryo. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of GM-CSF, as a medium supplement, on the development of nuclear-transferred bovine embryos. Oocytes were enucleated after in vitro maturation in TCM-199 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1 mg/mL FSH, and 1 mg/mL estradiol-17� for 20 h. Enucleated oocytes were fused with bovine ear skin fibroblast cells by a DC pulse of 25 V/150 mm for 20 ms in Zimmerman cell fusion medium. For activation, reconstructed embryos were exposed to 10 mM Ca-ionophore for 5 min, followed by 2 mM 6-dimethylaminopurine for 3 h. NT embryos were subsequently cultured in CR2 medium without or with 10 ng/mL recombinant porcine GM-CSF at 39.0�C in 5% O2, 5% CO2 and 90% N2. After 7 days of culture, blastocyst formation was observed. The number of inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) cells was examined by differential staining. Apoptotic cells in blastocysts were detected by a terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated d-UTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Data were analyzed by chi-square and Student's t-test. Addition of GM-CSF to the medium significantly (P < 0.05) increased the proportion of embryos developing to the blastocyst stage (37.6 � 12.0 and 54.7 � 13.9% for control and GM-CSF groups respectively). No differences in the total cell number and the ratio of ICM to total cells were detected between the control group (125.4 � 35.7 and 38.5 � 9.7%) and the GM-CSF group (123.8 � 35.1 and 34.2 � 13.1%). The mean proportion of apoptotic cells in blastocysts was not different between the control (5.4 � 5.4%) and the GM-CSF (5.3 � 3.9%) group. Our results showed the beneficial effect of GM-CSF on the development of NT bovine embryos. These results suggest that GM-CSF might be a useful molecule for increasing development of NT bovine embryos. Further studies are necessary to verify the mechanism of GM-CSF on the development of bovine NT embryos.

CSF-1 and mouse preimplantation development in vitro

Development ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 121 (5) ◽  
pp. 1333-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bhatnagar ◽  
V.E. Papaioannou ◽  
J.D. Biggers
Keyword(s):  
Inner Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Preimplantation Development ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Trophoblast Cells ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor

The effects of macrophage colony stimulating factor on the development of the zygote to the blastocyst stage of an outbred strain of mouse have been studied in KSOM, an improved medium that supports a high rate of in vitro development. Macrophage colony stimulating factor accelerates the formation of the blastocyst cavity by day 4 (96 hours post-hCG). It also increases overall embryonic cell number through a differential increase in the number of trophoblast cells, with no significant effect on the number of inner cell mass cells. By day 5 of culture (120 hours post-hCG), colony stimulating factor-treated embryos have about 20 more trophoblast cells than control embryos, an increase of about 30 percent of the total number of cells in a control blastocyst. The maximum response of embryos was obtained at a concentration around 540 U ml-1 colony stimulating factor (identical to 918 Stanley units ml-1), and the cytokine can produce the same effects even if it is present in the medium for only part of the culture period. This in vitro stimulation of preimplantation development with macrophage colony stimulating factor is compatible with continued normal fetal development in vivo.

Granulocyte - macrophage colony stimulating factor and interleukin-8 in the reproductive tract of ewes following oestrus and mating

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Scott ◽  
Natkunam Ketheesan ◽  
Phillip M. Summers
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Cytokines produced in the female reproductive tract after mating may enhance reproductive success. The present study investigated the distribution of granulocyte–macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin (IL)-8 in tissues and luminal secretions from different sites in the reproductive tract of the ewe following oestrus and after natural mating. Fifteen ewes were mated with a ram for 1 h and their reproductive tracts collected 3, 6, 18, 24 or 48 h later. Another 15 ewes were used as oestrous controls. Luminal secretions and tissue samples were collected from seven sites in each reproductive tract. Secretions were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and tissues were stained immunohistochemically using anti-sheep GM-CSF and anti-sheep IL-8 antibodies. Both cytokines were found in luminal and glandular endometrial epithelium and, to a lesser extent, in cervical epithelium; neither was found in the vaginal epithelium. Twice as many (P < 0.05) luminal samples from mated ewes than non-mated ewes were positive for GM-CSF. The vaginal lumen contained significantly higher (P < 0.01) concentrations of IL-8 compared with other sites, irrespective of mating status. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found in staining intensity of GM-CSF and IL-8 from different sites. Production of GM-CSF and IL-8 by reproductive tissues is likely to contribute to leucocyte infiltration into the ovine reproductive tract.

142 EFFECT OF GRANULOCYTE-MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR AND INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-1 ON DEVELOPMENT AND POST-TRANSFER SURVIVAL OF BOVINE EMBRYOS PRODUCED IN VITRO

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Loureiro ◽  
L. Bonilla ◽  
J. Block ◽  
J. M. Fear ◽  
A. Q. Bonilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Calving Rate ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a multifunctional cytokine that has been implicated in the regulation of preimplantation embryonic development in several species. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) can increase the proportion of bovine embryos that develop to the blastocyst stage and increase embryo survival following transfer to heat-stressed, lactating dairy cows (Block J et al. 2003 J. Anim. Sci. 81, 1590–1602; Theriogenology 67, 1518–1529). The current objective was to test whether addition of GM-CSF and IGF-1 to culture medium enhances development and post-transfer survival of in vitro-produced bovine embryos. Holstein COC shipped overnight in a portable incubator in oocyte maturation medium were fertilized with X-chromosome selected sperm from Holstein bulls. X-selected sperm were used because females were preferred. Morulae and blastocysts were collected at Day 7 after insemination and transferred at Day 7 after ovulation to lactating dairy cows subjected to a modified OvSynch protocol. In Experiment 1, conducted from June 29 to August 31, embryos were cultured in KSOM-BE2 alone, KSOM-BE2 with 100 ng mL–1 of Arg3-IGF-1 or KSOM-BE2 with 10 ng mL–1 of recombinant BoGM-CSF. Treatments were added at Day 1 after insemination. As compared to control embryos (17 ± 2%), the percentage of cleaved embryos that became transferable morulae or blastocysts at Day 7 was increased (P < 0.05) by GM-CSF (25 ± 2%) but not by Arg3-IGF-1 (18 ± 2%). There was no significant effect of treatment on pregnancy rate at Day 30 to 35 [34% (n = 52), 35% (n = 51), and 43% (n = 55) for control, GM-CSF, and IGF-1, respectively] or calving rate (27, 35, and 40%) although values were numerically greater for cows receiving IGF-1 treated embryos. In experiment 2, conducted from September 7 to February 1, embryos were cultured in KSOM-BE2 alone, KSOM-BE2 with 100 ng mL–1 Arg3-IGF-1 added at Day 1 after insemination, or KSOM-BE2 with 10 ng mL–1 recombinant BoGM-CSF added at Day 5 after insemination. GM-CSF, but not IGF-1, increased the percentage of oocytes (P < 0.03) and the percentage of cleaved embryos (P = 0.05) that became transferable morulae or blastocysts at Day 7. The percentage of cleaved embryos becoming blastocysts was 14 ± 1% for GM-CSF, 14 ± 2% for Arg3-IGF-1 (P = 0.11), and 10 ± 1% for controls. Treatment with GM-CSF increased (P = 0.056) the percentage of cows pregnant at Day 30 to 35 [34% (n = 79), 43% (n = 107), and 27% (n = 44) for control, GM-CSF, and IGF-1, respectively]. Data on calving rate are currently being collected; to date, 86% of calves were female. Results indicate that embryo competence for post-transfer survival can be enhanced by treatment with GM-CSF at Day 5 after fertilization. Research supported by USDA Grant 2006-55203-17390, BARD Grant US-3986-07 and the Southeast Milk Dairy Checkoff Program. B.L. was supported by a CAPES (Brazil)/Fulbright Fellowship.

scholarly journals Cholesterol loading suppresses the atheroinflammatory gene polarization of human macrophages induced by colony stimulating factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jani Lappalainen ◽  
Nicolas Yeung ◽  
Su D. Nguyen ◽  
Matti Jauhiainen ◽  
Petri T. Kovanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Foam Cells ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Human Macrophages ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Macrophage Subpopulations ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor

AbstractIn atherosclerotic lesions, blood-derived monocytes differentiate into distinct macrophage subpopulations, and further into cholesterol-filled foam cells under a complex milieu of cytokines, which also contains macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) and granulocyte–macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Here we generated human macrophages in the presence of either M-CSF or GM-CSF to obtain M-MØ and GM-MØ, respectively. The macrophages were converted into cholesterol-loaded foam cells by incubating them with acetyl-LDL, and their atheroinflammatory gene expression profiles were then assessed. Compared with GM-MØ, the M-MØ expressed higher levels of CD36, SRA1, and ACAT1, and also exhibited a greater ability to take up acetyl-LDL, esterify cholesterol, and become converted to foam cells. M-MØ foam cells expressed higher levels of ABCA1 and ABCG1, and, correspondingly, exhibited higher rates of cholesterol efflux to apoA-I and HDL2. Cholesterol loading of M-MØ strongly suppressed the high baseline expression of CCL2, whereas in GM-MØ the low baseline expression CCL2 remained unchanged during cholesterol loading. The expression of TNFA, IL1B, and CXCL8 were reduced in LPS-activated macrophage foam cells of either subtype. In summary, cholesterol loading converged the CSF-dependent expression of key genes related to intracellular cholesterol balance and inflammation. These findings suggest that transformation of CSF-polarized macrophages into foam cells may reduce their atheroinflammatory potential in atherogenesis.

The Truncated Splice Variant of the Granulocyte-Macrophage-Colony-Stimulating Factor Receptor β- Chain in Peripheral Blood Serves as Severity Biomarker of Respiratory Failure in Newborns

Neonatology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Verena Schulte ◽  
Alexandra Sipol ◽  
Stefan Burdach ◽  
Esther Rieger-Fackeldey
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Respiratory Impairment ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
A Subunit ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) plays an important role in surfactant homeostasis. β<sub>C</sub> is a subunit of the GM-CSF receptor (GM-CSF-R), and its activation mediates surfactant catabolism in the lung. β<sub>IT</sub> is a physiological, truncated isoform of β<sub>C</sub> and is known to act as physiological inhibitor of β<sub>C</sub>. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The aim of this study was to determine the ratio of β<sub>IT</sub> and β<sub>C</sub> in the peripheral blood of newborns and its association with the degree of respiratory failure at birth. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted a prospective cohort study in newborns with various degrees of respiratory impairment at birth. Respiratory status was assessed by a score ranging from no respiratory impairment (0) to invasive respiratory support (3). β<sub>IT</sub> and β<sub>C</sub> expression were determined in peripheral blood cells by real-time PCR. β<sub>IT</sub> expression, defined as the ratio of β<sub>IT</sub> and β<sub>C</sub>, was correlated with the respiratory score. <b><i>Results:</i></b> β<sub>IT</sub> expression was found in all 59 recruited newborns with a trend toward higher β<sub>IT</sub> in respiratory ill (score 2, 3) newborns than respiratory healthy newborns ([score 0, 1]; <i>p</i> = 0.066). Seriously ill newborns (score 3) had significantly higher β<sub>IT</sub> than healthy newborns ([score 0], <i>p</i> = 0.010). Healthy preterm infants had significantly higher β<sub>IT</sub> expression than healthy term infants (<i>p</i> = 0.019). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> β<sub>IT</sub> is expressed in newborns with higher expression in respiratory ill than respiratory healthy newborns. We hypothesize that β<sub>IT</sub> may have a protective effect in postnatal pulmonary adaptation acting as a physiological inhibitor of β<sub>C</sub> and, therefore, maintaining surfactant in respiratory ill newborns.

scholarly journals Identification through chemical cross-linking of distinct granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3 receptors on myeloid leukemic cells, KG-1

Blood ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 2652-2656 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Gesner ◽  
RA Mufson ◽  
KJ Turner ◽  
SC Clark
Keyword(s):  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Interleukin 3 ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor ◽  
Macrophage Colony ◽  
Stimulating Factor ◽  
Chemical Cross Linking

Abstract Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-3 (IL-3) each bind specifically to a small number of high- affinity receptors present on the surface of the cells of the acute myelogenous leukemia line, KG-1. Through chemical cross-linking of IL-3 and GM-CSF to KG-1 cells, we identified distinct binding proteins for each of these cytokines with approximate molecular masses of 69 and 93 Kd, respectively. Although these two binding proteins are distinct, GM- CSF and IL-3 compete with each other for binding to KG-1 cells. Other cell lines, which express receptors for either factor but not for both do not display this cross-competition for binding with IL-3 and GM-CSF. These findings imply that distinct IL-3 and GM-CSF binding proteins are expressed on the cell surface and that an association exists between these proteins on KG-1 cells.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document