15 INCREASING ESTRUS DETECTION RATES WITHIN FOUR DAYS IN A PROSTAGLANDIN-BASED ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION PROGRAM IN BOS INDICUS BEEF (SISTANI) CATTLE

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
M. D. Jalinous ◽  
A. Niasari-Naslaji ◽  
F. Sarhaddi ◽  
E. Naghzali
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Group 1

Variation in estrous response is a major concern in estrus synchronization programs using prostaglandin F2�. The objective of this study was to confine estrous detection within two phases (48 h each) after synchronizing follicular wave emergence using ovarian follicle regressing (first phase) and ovulating (second phase) agents. Cyclic Sistani cattle (Iranian Bos indicus beef breed) at unknown stages of the estrous cycle and e58 days open were randomly assigned to two groups in mid summer. Females received a ration comprised of wheat straw (39%), Lucerne hay (28%) and concentrate (33%) that comprised 10% crude protein and energy at 2.1 Mcal/kg DM, according to NRC recommendations for beef cattle. In phase one, females in Group 1 (n = 33; heifers: 9; lactating cows: 4; dry cows: 20; 59 � 5.8 months of age; 361.2 � 11.5 kg LW; and 2.1 � 0.41 lactations) received estradiol benzoate (2 mg, i.m., Aburaihan Pharmaceutical Co., Tehran, Iran) and progesterone (100 mg, i.m., Aburaihan, Iran) followed by an injection of prostaglandin analogue (15 mg, i.m., Prosolvin; Intervet, Boxmeer, The Netherlands) and PMSG (400 IU, i.m., Folligon; Intervet) on Day 8. Females in Group 2 (n = 35; heifers: 9; lactating cows: 5; dry cows: 21; 59.3 � 5.7 months of age; 356.8 � 11.5 kg LW; and 2 � 0.35 lactations) received two consecutive injections of prostaglandin 14 days apart. In the second phase, starting 72 h after prostaglandin injection, females in both groups that did not exhibit estrus were given an intra-muscular injection of Gonadorelin (100 �g, Fertagyl, Intervet) followed by prostaglandin injection 7 days later. In both phases, standing estrus was recorded for 48 h, after prostaglandin injection, at 4-h intervals, 30 min each time. Within a defined period (48 h after prostaglandin injection) 12 h after standing estrus, females were inseminated with frozen semen. Pregnancy was diagnosed on Day 30 after insemination using ultrasonography. Data were analyzed using logistic regression and chi-square tests. There was no significant effect of parity and lactation status on the frequency of estrus and conception rates (P > 0.05). The total frequency of observed standing estrus throughout two phases for Group 1 and two females were 81.8% and 80%, respectively (P > 0.05). The conception rates from a single AI for Group 1 [1st phase: 70.6% (12/17); 2nd phase: 40% (4/10); total: 59.2% (16/27)] did not differ (P > 0.05) to that for Group 2 [1st phase: 66.7% (8/12); 2nd phase: 56.2% (9/16); total: 60.7% (17/28)]. The result of this study demonstrated that estrous detection rates of e80% can be achieved within 4 day observation period in Bos indicus beef cattle. The authors express their great appreciations to the Intervet Company, Holland and the Aburaihan Company, Iran, for kind provision of pharmaceutical materials to perform this experiment.

207 INFLUENCE OF THE INTERVAL BETWEEN THAWING TO TRANSFER ON PREGNANCY RATES OF FROZEN - THAWED DIRECT-TRANSFER EMBRYOS

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 220
Author(s):  
G. A. Bo ◽  
L. C. Peres ◽  
D. Pincinato ◽  
M. de la Rey ◽  
R. Tribulo
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Direct Transfer ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

An experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of the interval between thawing to deposition of the embryo into the uterine horn on pregnancy rates of in vivo-produced frozen–thawed embryos in 1.5 M ethylene glycol (direct transfer). Data were collected from 1122 embryo transfers performed in the same farm (Estancia El Mangrullo, Lavalle, Santiago del Estero, Argentina) during the spring and summer of 2004/05 and 2005/06 (6 replicates, ambient temperature between 20 and 40�C). Recipients used in all replicates were non-lactating, cycling, multiparous Bos taurus � Bos indicus crossbred cows with body condition score between 3 and 4 (1 to 5 scale) that were synchronized using fixed-time embryo transfer protocols. Briefly, the synchronization treatments consisted of the insertion of a Crestar ear implant (Intervet, Sao Paulo, Brazil) or a progesterone-releasing device (DIB; Syntex SA, Buenos Aires, Argentina), plus 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB; Syntex) intramuscularly (IM) on Day 0, and 400 IU of eCG (Folligon 5000; Intervet, or Novormon 5000; Syntex) IM plus 150 �g d-cloprostenol IM (Preloban; Intervet, or Ciclase; Syntex) on Day 5. Progestin devices were removed on Day 8 and all cows received 1 mg of EB IM on Day 9. All cows were examined by ultrasonography on Day 16 and those with a luteal area >76 mm2 (by calculating the area of the CL minus the area of the cavity) received, on Day 17, frozen–thawed embryos by nonsurgical transfer. All embryos were Grade 1, and all were frozen in 1.5 M ethylene glycol at the Embryo Plus Laboratory (Brits, South Africa). After being stored in liquid nitrogen, the embryos were plunged directly (no air thawing) in a 30�C water bath for 30 s, and then transferred to the recipient cows by either one of two technicians. Based on the interval between thawing and transfer, the transfers were classified as being in one of 3 groups: Group 1: <3 min; Group 2: 3 to 6 min; and Group 3: 6 to 16 min. The main reason for delayed transfers beyond 6 min was the replacement of one recipient for another because of difficulty in threading the cervix (1% of the total transfers) or a recipient falling down into the chute or with very bad disposition and behavior. Pregnancy was determined by ultrasonography 28 to 35 days after fixed-time embryo transfer, and data were analyzed by logistic regression. There were no effects of replicate, technician, CL area, recipient body condition score, embryo stage, and time from thawing to transfer on pregnancy rates. Pregnancy rates in the 3 thawing to transfer intervals were: Group 1: 215/385, 55.8%; Group 2: 372/655, 56.8%; Group 3: 42/82, 51.2%; P > 0.6. These results may be interpreted to suggest that there is no significant effect of time from thawing to transfer (up to 16 min) in direct transfer embryos using Bos taurus � Bos indicus recipients transferred at a fixed time.

251 FOLLICLE DEVIATION AND OVULATORY CAPACITY IN BOS INDICUS HEIFERS

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 242 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. U. Gimenes ◽  
N. A. T. Carvalho ◽  
M. F. Sá Filho ◽  
H. Ayres ◽  
J. R. S. Torres-Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasonography ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Two Phases

In Holstein cows, the diameter of the dominant follicle (DF) at the time of follicle deviation is 8.5 mm and the subordinate follicle (SF) is 7.2 mm (Ginther et al. 1996 Biol. Reprod. 55, 1187–1194). However, follicular responsiveness to an ovulatory treatment occurs only with 10.0-mm-diameter follicles (Sartori et al. 2001 Biol. Reprod. 65, 1403–1409). The current study tested the hypothesis that, in Bos indicus (Nelore and crossbred Nelore � Gir) females, the follicular diameters at the time of deviation and ovulation responsiveness are smaller than those in Holstein cows. The experiment was performed in two phases. In the first phase, 12 Nelore heifers were previously synchronized with a protocol using progestagen and estradiol benzoate. After implant removal, all heifers were evaluated by transrectal ultrasonography (Aloka SSD-500, Tokyo, Japan) every 12 h until Day 5 of the estrous cycle (Day 0 = Day of the ovulation) to assess the time of ovulation, the time of follicle deviation, and the follicular diameter at the deviation. In the second phase, 29 Bos indicus heifers (Nelore and crossbred Nelore � Gir) were previously synchronized with the same protocol as cited above. After the ovulations (Day 0), the follicles were evaluated by transrectal ultrasonography every 24 h, until they reached the diameter of 7.0–8.4 mm (n = 9); 8.5–10.0 mm (n = 10); and >10.0 mm (n = 10). In order to assess the ovulatory capacity, all animals were treated with 25 mg of LH (Lutropin-V�; Bioniche Animal Health, Inc., Belleville, Ontario, Canada) at these follicle diameter ranges. After the LH treatment, all animals were monitored by ultrasonography every 12 h for 48 h. ANOVA, Bartlett, and chi-square tests were used in the statistical analyses. In the first phase, the diameters of the DF and SF at the time of follicular deviation (61.9 � 4.9 h after ovulation) were 6.2 � 0.2 and 5.8 � 0.2 mm, respectively. In the second phase, the the average follicular diameters at the time of LH administration in the groups 7.0–8.4 mm, 8.5–10.0 mm, and >10.0 mm were 7.6a � 0.1 mm, 9.6b � 0.1 mm, and 10.9c � 0.2 mm; and their ovulation rates were 33.3%a (3/9), 80.0%b (8/10), and 90.0%b (9/10), respectively (P < 0.05). The interval from LH treatment to ovulation was 38.0 � 4.0 h, 31.5 � 2.7 h, and 30.0 � 2.0 h, respectively (P > 0.05). In conclusion, in Bos indicus heifers, follicle deviation occurred with smaller diameters than previously reported in Bos taurus breeds. In addition, Bos indicus heifers are able to ovulate in response to 25 mg of LH with smaller diameters compared to those of Bos taurus breeds. Moreover, in Bos indicus heifers, ovulatory capacity is acquired by follicles as small as 7.0–8.4 mm, but this responsiveness significantly increases after follicles reach 8.5–10.0 mm. This work was supported by FAPESP (Proc:03/10203-4); Bioniche Animal Health, Inc., Belleville, Ontario, Canada; and Tecnopec, S�o Paulo, Brazil.

How does simulation of an observed external body state influence categorisation of an easily graspable object?

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 1466-1477
Author(s):  
Denis Brouillet ◽  
Arthur-Henri Michalland ◽  
Ronan Guerineau ◽  
Mooruth Draushika ◽  
Guillaume Thebault
Keyword(s):  
Response Times ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Pain Mechanisms ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Response Group ◽  
Power Grasp ◽  
Motor Programme

Several works have provided evidence of a resonant motor effect while observing a hand interacting with painful stimuli. The aim of this work is to show that participants are sensitive to the observation of an injured hand when they have to categorise an easily graspable object with their own hand. In Experiment 1, participants indicated whether or not photographs of objects (graspable or non-graspable, left or right oriented) could be grasped with their dominant hand, by tapping a key on a keyboard. Target objects were preceded by primes consisting of photographs of hands (injured vs healthy) in a grasping posture (power grasp). Experiment 2 consisted of two phases: In the first phase, participants had to categorise square or circle shapes. After their response (Group 1: tapping a key vs Group 2: constricting a hand grip), photograph of two types of hand (injured vs healthy) was displayed on the computer screen. In the second phase, participants had to indicate whether objects could be easily grasped with their dominant hand. Target objects were preceded by primes (square and circle) as shown in the first phase. Results show that response times were slower when the graspable target objects were right oriented and preceded by the photograph or a geometric shape associated with an injured hand. This response delay was accentuated in the handgrip condition. These results highlight that the view of an injured hand activates motor programme and pain mechanisms associated with participants relative to the consequences of the simulated grasping action.

scholarly journals Nutrient fluxes and environmental performance indicators for a pasture-based dairy system

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e48615
Author(s):  
Julio Cesar Pascele Palhares ◽  
Taisla Inara Novelli ◽  
Marcela Morelli
Keyword(s):  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Nutrient Fluxes ◽  
Nutritional Management ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Protein Group ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Environmental Performance Indicators ◽  
Group 1

The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutrient fluxes for lactating cows in a pasture-based dairy system and the impact of a nutritional management strategy on the environmental performance indicators. Fourteen lactating cows were divided into two experimental groups with seven animals each. The nutritional managements were a diet containing 20% crude protein (Group 1) and a diet with adjusted protein (Group 2). The nutrient budget was calculated on a monthly basis for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The nutritional strategy of adjusted protein reduces the total surplus in the lactation period for nitrogen by 7.6% and for phosphorus by 6.3%. The total potassium surplus of the adjusted protein group was 8.5% higher. The average nitrogen use efficiency was 21% for group 1 and 22.7% for group 2. Phosphorus use efficiency ranged from 13.4 to 35% for group 1 and from 15.5 to 34% for group 2 and potassium average use efficiency was 14.2% for group 1 and 12.6% for group 2. Nutritional management reduced nitrogen and phosphorus surpluses as well as the values of the environmental performance indicator. Based on this, it is possible to improve the environmental efficiency of dairy systems through improved nutritional management.

scholarly journals PSII-7 Uterine artery hemodynamics and placentome quantification during maternal nutrient restriction in beef cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 237-237
Author(s):  
Dana Reid ◽  
Caleb O Lemley ◽  
Kalisha Yankey ◽  
Derris Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Nutrient Restriction ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Uteroplacental Blood Flow ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Proper fetal nutrition via adequate uteroplacental blood flow is critical for maximizing fetal development and reducing mortality. However, our understanding of adaptations during maternal nutrient restriction is incomplete. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of nutrient restriction during mid to late gestation on utero-placental hemodynamics and placentome morphometrics in gestating beef cattle. Animals (n = 10) were randomly assigned one of 2 treatments: Control (CON; 100% NRC Requirements) vs Restricted Feed (NR; 60% of NRC Requirements) from 140 to 240 days of gestation. Hemodynamic parameters were collected by Doppler ultrasonography 1 week prior to slaughter from the ipsilateral and contralateral uterine arteries, after which, total uterine artery blood flow was calculated. Six animals (n = 3 per treatment) were slaughtered on day 240 of gestation (Group 1) and the remaining 4 animals were slaughtered on 265 ± 15 days (Group 2). Placentome tissues were harvested for weight and number determination. Placentome number decreased (P = 0.01) in nutrient restricted (49 ± 6) versus control (83 ± 6) fed dams. There was an interaction between treatment and group in which ipsilateral diameter increased (P < 0.05) in group 2 NR animals versus group 2 CON animals while there was no difference between NR and CON in group 1. There was no difference (P = 0.30) in total uterine artery blood flow in fetal weight, which averaged 212 ± 37 mL/min*kg in nutrient restricted versus 153 ± 34 mL/min*kg in control fed dams. In summary, these data indicate limited alterations in uterine artery blood flow and fetal weight in nutrient restricted dams during the last half of gestation. The decrease in placentome number with no difference in placentome weight could indicate larger placentomes in nutrient restricted dams were able to compensate for the reduction in total number.

160 STRATEGIC VACCINATION AGAINST BOVINE VIRAL DIARRHEA (BVD), INFECTIOUS BOVINE RHINOTRACHEITIS (IBR) AND LEPTOSPIROSIS IMPROVES PREGNANCY RATE IN FTAI PROTOCOLS IN NELORE BEEF COWS

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 171
Author(s):  
L. A. S. Souto ◽  
M. Maturana Filho ◽  
K. M. Lemes ◽  
F. D. Torres ◽  
E. H. Madureira
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Viral Diarrhea ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The negative effect of some diseases, such as bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), and Leptospirosis, on bovine reproduction rates are well known. The uses of vaccines are considered to be an important tool available in order to control reproductive losses but their efficiency is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vaccination against BVD, IBR, and Leptospirosis to improve pregnancy rate in beef cattle submitted to fixed-timed AI (FTAI). Nelore cows (n = 1172) from 4 beef cattle farms in Brazil were randomly distributed in two experimental groups: Group 1 (treated, n = 584) received the first dose of the inactivated vaccines (Bioleptogen and Bioabortogen H, Biogénesis Bagó, Garín, Argentina) at the beginning of the FTAI protocol and the second dose on the pregnancy diagnostic 40 days later; Group 2 (control group, n = 588) received 0.9% saline solution. Serum samples from 3–5% of animals in each farm herd were collected to determinate IBR, BVD, and Leptospirosis challenges, by using ELISA protocol for BVD and IBR (Synbiotics BVD p80 ab monoblocking test and Synbiotics BoHV-1 gB monoblocking test, respectively; Synbiotics Corp., Kansas City, MO, USA); and microaglutination test for Leptospirosis. All animals were submitted to the FTAI protocol: D0 = intravaginal P4 device (Cronipress, Biogenesis Bagó) and application of 2 mg oestradiol benzoate (Bioestrogen, Biogénesis Bagó); Day 8 = intravaginal device removal + 0.5 mg oestradiol cipionate (E.C.P, Zoetis Inc., Florham Park, NJ, USA) and 25 mg D-cloprostenol sodium (Croniben, Biogénesis Bagó) and FTAI after 48 h. Body condition scores (BCS) were measured on Day 0 and pregnancy diagnostic were performed on Day 40. Data were analysed by logistic regression using PROC LOGISTIC procedure of the SAS software (SAS 9.3, SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA) as well as the significant differences between the factors was analysed to nonparametric statistical frequency (chi-square test; PROC FREQ). Pregnancy rates on day 40 were greater (P < 0.0001) in Group 1 (58.21%; 340/584) compared to Group 2 (44.73%; 263/588). Effect in BCS by pregnancy rates was observed (P = 0.0165) among animals with higher compared to lower BCS (61.40% v. 47.98%, respectively). Results from BVD, IBR and Leptospirosis prevalence were respectively (78.26%; 95.65%, and 10.20%), demonstrating that all herds were challenger for the 3 agents and a positive correlation with pregnancy rates (P < 0.001) in vaccinated group. In conclusion, vaccination with Bioabortogen H and Bioleptogen contributed to increase pregnancy rates in beef cattle submitted to FTAI; and the positive correlation between high prevalence of BVD, IBR, and leptospirosis, and an increased pregnancy rate by 13.48% can be due to fewer losses caused by the vaccination protection up to Day 40.

521 Late-Breaking: Oral Mineral Drench to Reduce Morbidity and Increace Performance on Remore Summer Pastures

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 153-153
Author(s):  
Bob B Sager
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Foot Rot ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Economic losses due to morbidity and mortality associated with bovine respiratory disease (BRD), foot rot, pinkeye, and other health issues in yearling beef cattle are consistently over $2 billion annually. This trial was designed to test the hypothesis that yearling beef cattle individually treated with an oral micromineral drench would be associated with decreased BRD, foot rot, pinkeye, and other issues in the first 60 days with improved weight gains while grazing remote summer pastures. This trial utilized 1150 head of steers, spayed heifers, and intact heifers in areas of Idaho and Montana. Trial cattle had unknown background and nutritional history, with no metaphylaxis treatment upon arrival. Treatment data for BRD, pinkeye, and foot rot, and other abnormalities showed decreased morbidity (from 37.5–61%) in different groups P &lt; 0.234 during the first 60 days of the trial compared to the untreated cattle. Weight gains on treatment steers showed an increase 0f 18.89 lbs. in group 2 and 12.34 lbs. in group 3 (salt only) in 100 days grazing in the treatment cattle compared to the controls. The bred heifer group 1 showed showed slight weight gains of 1% and an increase pregnancy rate of 2% compared to the controls after 100 days grazing. Further trials need to be completed to determine the desired dosage using an oral mineral drench on yearling beef cattle with unknown vaccination and nutritional history.

Performance of sows first mated at puberty or second or third oestrus, and carcass assessment of once-bred gilts

1977 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. MacPherson ◽  
F. D. Deb Hovell ◽  
A. S. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
The Third ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

SUMMARY1. Of 80 gilts reared on a restricted plane of nutrition, 75 were allocated to one of four groups. Group 1; 17 gilts mated at puberty were slaughtered after farrowing their first litter. Group 2; 20 gilts mated at puberty were observed for three parities. Group 3; 18 gilts mated at second oestrus were observed for three parties. Group 4; 18 gilts mated at third oestrus were observed for three parities. Group 5; nine additional gilts reared on feed ad libitum and mated at first oestrus were observed for three parities. All animals received the same ration after the first mating.2. The mean age (±SD) of the restricted gilts at puberty was 186 ± 17 days at a weight of 89 ± 9 kg. The gilts fed ad libitum were significantly (P<0·01) older and heavier at puberty (203 ± 15 days and 120 ± 27 kg).3. Conception rates were 83, 86, 94 and 82% for Groups 1 and 2 combined, 3, 4 and 5 respectively.4. Gilts mated at first, second and third oestrus produced, respectively, 7·8, 9·8 and 10·4 ± 2·2 piglets in the first parity. Group 5 gilts had 11·0 ± 2·2 piglets. All significant differences were confined to the first parity.5. By the end of the third parity there were no differences between the restricted gilts mated at first, second or third oestrus in total number of piglets born or reared.6. The gilts slaughtered (at 135 kg) after producing one litter yielded carcasses which were heavier but leaner than those from contemporary maiden gilts grown to 120 kg on a semi-restricted feeding scale.

REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE IN EWES ON A LOW-SELENIUM DIET

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. MITCHELL ◽  
M. HIDIROGLOU ◽  
K. J. JENKINS
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Embryonic Mortality ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Conception Rates ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Low Selenium ◽  
Group 1

Sixty-four Selenium (Se)-deficient ewes (group 1) and 65 Se-adequate ewes (group 2) were exposed to fertile, harnessed rams for a 42-day period (1 October–12 November 1973). Between 26 October and 7 December, approximately half of the animals in each group were slaughtered 25–30 days after their last marked mating to determine numbers of embryos and corpora lutea (CL). The percentages of ewes pregnant and CL not represented by normal embryos were 80.6 and 12.8 in group 1 and 78.8 and 34.1 in group 2 and the average number of CL/ewe was 1.57 and 1.63, respectively. The remaining ewes were kept until anticipated time of lambing. The percentage of ewes which lambed and the average number of lambs/ewe were 67.9 and 1.47 (group 1) and 71.9 and 1.44 (group 2). No group differences in sex ratio of lambs was observed. Composite conception rates for the slaughtered and lambed ewes were 76.2% for the Se-deficient and 76.6% for the Se-adequate animals. It was concluded that under the conditions of this experiment Se depletion had no adverse effect on ewe conception rates, embryonic mortality or numbers of lambs born.

Biological and economic impact of trypanosome infections on milk production in N'Dama cattle managed under village conditions in The Gambia

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Agyemang ◽  
R. H. Dwinger ◽  
P. Jeannin ◽  
P. Leperre ◽  
A. S. Grieve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
N’Dama Cattle ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Daily Milk

ABSTRACTOver a 3-year period, productivity characteristics and criteria of trypanosomiasis incidence and severity have been monitored by monthly examination of individual N'Dama cattle in villages in The Gambia. From this database, 60 lactating cows in which Trypanosoma congolense or T. vivax had been detected on blood examination (group 1) were compared with 50 cows which had not been found infected with trypanosomes during the monitoring period (group 2). The latter were selected on the basis of comparability of age and stage of lactation to those of group 1 for examining the effect of trypanosome infections on the quantity of milk extracted for human consumption, and on the growth of their sucking calves. Data from a 6- to 7-month period were examined in the analysis.The quantity of daily milk extracted during the 1st month ot intection (group 1) decreased by proportionately 0·25 in comparison to the amount extracted during the preceding month when parasites were not detected. The corresponding figure in the uninfected controls (group 2) was 0·02. The mean daily milk extracted for human consumption from uninfected cows during a 6-month period was proportionately 0·26 higher than the mean for the infected cows. Growth rates of calves sucking infected and uninfected dams were similar.These observations indicate that infection with pathogenic trypanosomes of lactating N'Dama cattle causes a reduction in milk production.In economic terms, it was estimated that the decline in milk extracted for human consumption due to trypanosome infections amounted to an average of £1 per month per cow.

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