scholarly journals 54 COMPOSITION OF ALLANTOIC FLUID IN CATTLE PREGNANT WITH AI-, IVP-, OR NUCLEAR TRANSFER-GENERATED EMBRYOS

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Morrow ◽  
M. Berg ◽  
R. McDonald ◽  
D. Wells ◽  
A. Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Diagnostic Markers ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Abnormal Placentation ◽  
Fetal Fluid ◽  
Estrone Sulphate ◽  
Early Diagnostic ◽  
Fetal Fluids

Abnormal placentation, pregnancy failure, and hydroallantois are associated with somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) in cattle. Identification of diagnostic markers for abnormal placentation in early gestation would permit therapeutic intervention. Ultrasonography and transvaginal sampling of amniotic and/or allantoic (fetal) fluid enables regular monitoring of fetal health. We report on the composition of serial samples of fetal fluid from individual cows between Days 70–130 of gestation and the potential of steroid and electrolyte composition as an early diagnostic marker for the subsequent occurrence of hydroallantois in SCNT pregnancies in cattle. On Day 70, pregnancy rates were 50% and 60% for cows or heifers implanted with single in vitro-fertilized (IVP, 20/40) or SCNT (25/42) embryos, respectively, and 67% for pregnancies generated by artificial insemination (AI, 12/18). Resulting fetuses were either clones (SCNT) or offspring (IVP/AI) of a donor Holstein bull. Fetal fluids, sampled using ultrasound-guided transvaginal puncture, were collected on Days 70, 100, and 130 of gestation (n = 12 and 139 for amniotic and allantoic samples, respectively). Placental and fetal morphological data were collected following slaughter between Days 135–163 of gestation (n = 14, 20, and 10 for SCNT, IVP, and AI groups, respectively). Fetal fluids were analyzed for progesterone, estrone sulphate, sodium, chloride, potassium, creatinine, urea, calcium, magnesium and phosphate. Pregnancy outcomes for the SCNT group were retrospectively classified as: Fail 100 (pregnancies failing between Days 70–99; n = 6); Fail 130 (failing between Days 100–129; n = 5); Hydrops (greater than 10 L combined amniotic and allantoic fluid at postmortem between Days 135–163; n = 8) and SCNT Pregnant 150 (pregnant between Days 135–163; n = 6). IVP and AI pregnancies were classified as IVP or AI Pregnant 150. Fluid composition was analyzed by ANOVA on log-transformed data. On Day 70, allantoic progesterone and estrone sulphate concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.05) for the SCNT cows compared to the IVP/AI Pregnant 150 cows. On Day 70, allantoic potassium, chloride, creatinine, and urea concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.05) for the SCNT Hydrops cows compared to the IVP/AI Pregnant 150 cows. In addition, Day 70 allantoic creatinine and urea concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.05) for the SCNT Hydrops cows compared to other SCNT groups. By Day 100, allantoic chloride, creatinine, and urea concentrations in SCNT Hydrops cows were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than in IVP/AI Pregnant 150 groups. We conclude that elevated Day 70 allantoic urea and creatinine concentrations are potential early diagnostic markers predicting hydroallantois in recipient cattle carrying SCNT fetuses. Further investigation of these markers in other somatic donor cell lines used for nuclear transfer is warranted to determine their general utility.

Fetal-fluid proteome analyses in late-term healthy pregnant mares and in mares with experimentally induced ascending placentitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor F. Canisso ◽  
Shavahn Loux ◽  
Kirsten E. Scoggin ◽  
Edward L. Squires ◽  
Mats H. Troedsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Streptococcus Equi ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Fetal Fluid ◽  
Fetal Fluids ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Characterisation of fetal fluids in healthy and disease states of pregnant mares can help to unravel the pathophysiology and to identify putative markers of disease. Thus, this study aimed to compare the protein composition of: (1) amniotic and allantoic fluids of healthy mares obtained immediately after euthanasia and (2) allantoic fluid harvested via centesis before and after experimental induction of placentitis via transcervical inoculation of Streptococcus equi ssp zooepidemicus in healthy mares. Fetal fluids were analysed with a high-throughput proteomic technique after in-gel digestion. Statistical comparisons were performed following normalisation of peptide spectral match. Global normalisation was performed to calculate relative expression. There were 112 unique proteins present in both allantoic and amniotic fluids. There were 13 and 29 proteins defined as amniotic- or allantoic-specific respectively that were present in at least two fluid samples. Another 26 proteins were present in both amniotic and allantoic fluids. Panther DB functional classification grouped fetal-fluid proteins as transfer carriers, signalling molecules, receptors, immunity, hydrolase, enzymes, membrane traffic, cytoskeleton, cell adhesion, calcium binding and extracellular matrix. Experimentally induced placentitis resulted in 10 proteins being upregulated and 10 downregulated in allantoic fluid. Newly identified proteins and changes in the fetal-fluid proteome provide clues about the physiology of pregnancy and pathogenesis of placentitis.

scholarly journals Gestational Age-Dependent Fetal Fluid Dynamics in the Ovine Developmental Model: Establishment of Surrogate Markers for the Differentiation of Stem Cell Origin

2018 ◽  
Vol 206 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 208-217
Author(s):  
Debora Kehl ◽  
Sabrina Görtz ◽  
Craig Wang ◽  
Simon P. Hoerstrup ◽  
Ulrich Bleul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Developmental Model ◽  
In Vivo Model ◽  
Surrogate Markers ◽  
Fetal Fluid ◽  
Fluid Compartments ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography ◽  
Fetal Fluids

The ovine developmental model represents the standard in vivo model for studies involving maternofetal physiology, amniotic fluid (AF) research, and fetal cell therapy prior to human clinical use. Although being close to the human fetal anatomy, 2 separate extraembryonic fluid compartments remain during gestation, known as the amnion and the allantois. A clear distinction between AF versus allantoic fluid (AL) is therefore indispensable for correct scientific conclusions with regard to human translation. In the presented study, the biochemical composition of AF and AL was evaluated in ovine gravid uteri postmortem (n = 31) over the entire gestation. Four parameters, consisting of Na+, Cl–, Mg2+, and total protein, have been found to allow for specific discrimination of the 2 fetal fluids at all gestational phases and therefore as potential surrogate parameters for gestational age. In addition, volumetric changes of the developing fetus and the 2 fetal fluid cavities were analyzed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography (n = 12). AF showed a significant, linear volumetric increase over gestation, whereas AL volume maintained relatively static independent of gestational age. These results serve as a basis for future studies by providing surrogate markers enabling a reliable distinction of isolated fetal fluids and contained cells in the ovine developmental model over the entire gestation.

Effect of maternal glucocorticoid treatment on fetal fluids in sheep at 0.4 gestation

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (4) ◽  
pp. R1174-R1181 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Wintour ◽  
D. Alcorn ◽  
A. McFarlane ◽  
K. Moritz ◽  
S. J. Potocnik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Fluid Volume ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Glucocorticoid Treatment ◽  
Amniotic Fluid Volume ◽  
Fetal Urine ◽  
Fetal Fluids

Treatment of nine pregnant Merino ewes (64.0 +/- 0.4 days of gestation) with dexamethasone (D; 0.76 mg/h for 48 h) resulted in significant alterations in fetal fluids compared with eight saline-infused control animals (S; 63.0 +/- 0.9 days). There was a substantial increase in allantoic fluid volume (177 +/- 18 ml, D vs. 31 +/- 6, S) but no change in amniotic fluid volume (248 +/- 12 ml, D; 305 +/- 24, S). For allantoic fluid there was a significant decrease in osmolality (213 +/- 4 mosmol/kg water, D; 230 +/- 5, S) and alterations in composition. Amniotic fluid osmolality was unchanged (292 +/- 2 mosmol/kg water, D; 293 +/- 1, S), but amniotic fluid composition was affected. In four fetuses in which bladder and amniotic cannulas were inserted at gestational age 68-75 days, fetal urine flow rate increased from a mean of 4.1 +/- 1.1 to 13.8 +/- 2.6 ml/h after 24 h and 11.8 +/- 3.0 ml/h at 48 h for a similar maternal D infusion, whereas no such increase occurred in four control fetuses. All the fetal urine voided during a 3.5- to 4-h infusion of 51Cr-labeled EDTA into the fetal bladder was directed to the allantois. The results suggest that the increase in allantoic fluid volume resulted from increased fetal urine output into the allantoic compartment, although the composition of the excess allantoic fluid differed substantially from that of fetal urine. There was a greater incidence of abnormal cotyledons in the D-infused ewes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Follistatin concentrations in maternal and fetal fluids during the oestrous cycle, gestation and parturition in Merino sheep

Reproduction ◽  
2002 ◽  
pp. 259-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Y Xia ◽  
T O'Shea ◽  
S Hayward ◽  
AE O'Connor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Fetal Blood ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Human Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Fetal Fluids

The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in follistatin, an activin binding protein, during the oestrous cycle, gestation and parturition in ewes using a radioimmunoassay for total follistatin, which uses dissociating reagents to remove the interference of activin. Follistatin concentrations remained unchanged (2.7 +/- 0.2 ng ml(-1)) during the oestrous cycle and decreased as pregnancy progressed. Follistatin concentrations in allantoic fluid also decreased during gestation, whereas in amniotic fluid follistatin concentrations reached a peak at day 75 of gestation (9.8 ng ml(-1)) and had decreased to 4.4 ng ml(-1) at day 140. Follistatin concentrations in fetal blood (7.0 +/- 0.5 ng ml(-1)) did not change from day 50 to day 140 of gestation but were significantly higher than in matched maternal samples (3.1 +/- 0.3 ng ml(-1)). Circulating follistatin in ewes was significantly increased on the day of parturition (5.6 +/- 0.6 ng ml(-1)) compared with the days before parturition (2.7 +/- 0.4 ng ml(-1)), but had decreased by day 2 after birth. Blood samples from newborn lambs showed that plasma follistatin concentration (13.4 +/- 2.3 ng ml(-1)) was significantly higher than that of the mothers and remained high for at least 7 days after birth. These data support previous studies of the human menstrual cycle indicating that follistatin is not an endocrine signal from the ovary; however, in contrast to human pregnancies, follistatin concentrations in sheep decreased and become high only after or during parturition. This difference observed between species may reflect different physiological effects of follistatin or may be the result of measurement of different isoforms.

Early Diagnostic Markers for Contrast Nephropathy in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography

Angiology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 731-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olfat Shaker ◽  
Amal El-Shehaby ◽  
Mohamed El-Khatib
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Angiography ◽  
Diagnostic Markers ◽  
Contrast Nephropathy ◽  
Early Diagnostic

scholarly journals Changes in fetal fluid composition during the last 60 days of gestation in goats

Reproduction ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Pearson ◽  
D. J. Mellor
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Fetal Fluid

Oestrogens in fetal and maternal fluids throughout pregnancy in the pig and comparisons with the ewe and cow

1985 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Robertson ◽  
R. J. Dwyer ◽  
G. J. King
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Maternal Urine ◽  
Oestrone Sulphate ◽  
Fetal Fluids

ABSTRACT In order to correlate the concentrations of oestrogens in the fetal fluids of the pig with those observed in the maternal blood and urine, changes in the concentrations of oestrone, oestradiol-17β, oestrone sulphate, oestradiol sulphates and oestrone glucuronide were assessed throughout pregnancy in the fetal and maternal fluids. In general, the pattern of change was similar for all oestrogens measured in both fetal and maternal fluids. Since the concentration of oestrogens in allantoic fluid during early pregnancy is reflected in the concentration of these steroids in maternal plasma and excreted in the maternal urine, the rise and fall of oestrogen concentrations around day 30 is suggestive of synthesis followed by a virtual cessation of oestrogen production until the fetus or placenta again produce increasing amounts detectable after day 45. These findings contrast sharply with those in the cow and the ewe where, although similar peaks in oestrogen concentrations are observable in allantoic fluid during early pregnancy, they are not reflected in blood. J. Endocr. (1985) 106, 355–360

Effect of maternal glucocorticoid treatment on ovine fetal fluids at 0.6 gestation

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1595 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Tangalakis ◽  
K Moritz ◽  
L Shandley ◽  
EM Wintour
Keyword(s):  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Urine Flow ◽  
Dexamethasone Treatment ◽  
Glucocorticoid Treatment ◽  
51Cr Edta ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Ovine Fetal ◽  
Bovine Type ◽  
Fetal Fluids

This study examined the effects of maternal dexamethasone treatment on the volume and composition of fetal fluids, and on placental morphology at 0.6 gestation (80-90 days). Nine pregnant ewes were infused with dexamethasone (D, 0.76 mg h-1 for 72 h) while an additional nine ewes received saline (S, 0.38 mL h-1 for 72 h). Allantoic fluid (ALF) volume was significantly greater (P < 0.01) in the D group (737 +/- 116 mL) than in the S group (190 +/- 55 mL), but there was no difference in amniotic fluid (AMF) volume. The urine flow rate was 11 times higher in three D fetuses. The 51Cr-EDTA infused into the bladders of four fetuses during the final 4-5 h of the 72 infusions was detected in both AMF and ALF. Dexamethasone treatment significantly altered the composition of the fetal fluids but had no affect on fetal body weight, organ weights and placental weight; however, there were fewer cotyledons under 5 g (P < 0.05). In the D group, 3% of cotyledons were of the 'bovine' type in morphology, whereas all cotyledons in the S group were of the 'ovine' type. These findings suggest that prolonged exposure to large doses of glucocorticoids during pregnancy would affect the volume and composition of the fetal fluids and placental morphology, with potentially detrimental effects on the fetus.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document