Development of the spleen as a red blood cell reservoir in lambs

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Potocnik ◽  
EM Wintour
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Adult Sheep ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Adrenaline Infusion ◽  
Ovine Fetus

In adult sheep and other animals the spleen is a reservoir of red blood cells (RBCs), which can be mobilized by adrenaline-induced splenic contraction. Adrenaline does not increase the haematocrit in the ovine fetus. This study examined the development of a releasable store of RBCs in the spleen of lambs during the neonatal period. Spleen and body weights were measured in 126 fetuses and lambs, ranging in age from 60 days' gestation to 94 days post partum. Spleen weight, as a percentage of body weight, stabilized at 0.56 +/- 0.02%, 20 days post partum. Adrenaline infusion (5 mg kg-1 min-1) was associated with a mean increase in arterial haematocrit (Hct) of 7.6 and 5.8 Hct % in lambs at 20-24 and 50-52 days of age respectively (n = 4 at each age). The spleen in lambs has become a significant reservoir of RBCs by 20-24 days of age and may contain reserves equivalent to those in adult sheep. This splenic reserve is developed before the post-natal drop in haematocrit occurs.

Red blood cell volume and distribution before and after bleed-out in the rat

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (6) ◽  
pp. 1177-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Dellenback ◽  
Gerhard H. Muelheims
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Negligible Contribution

The distribution of red blood cells in nine normal Nembutalized rats (323.2–415.0 gm body weight) was determined by the Cr51-labeled red blood cell technique. Microliters of red blood cells per total and per gram of tissue are reported for the testes, brain, intestine, kidney, heart-lung, spleen, liver, bone, muscle and skin. Values are also listed for the same organs and tissues determined after rapid bleed-out as found by Muelheims, Dellenback and Rawson. A comparison of these values shows that the liver, heart-lung and muscle contribute approximately 80% of all red blood cells removed in the hemorrhage. The skin, bone, kidney and intestine contribute as a group the remaining 20% with a negligible contribution from the testes and brain and no contribution from the spleen.

Impact of community based breeding program on breeding buck availability, growth and reproductive performance of Black Bengal goat

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
M Solaiman ◽  
AS Apu ◽  
MY Ali ◽  
M Fakruzzaman ◽  
MO Faruque
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
The Body ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Black Bengal Goat

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the availability of breeding bucks as well as growth and reproductive performances of Black Bengal goat under community based breeding program. A total of 30 goat rearers in three areas of Sakhipur upazilla were selected based on the survey result. Selected goat rearers were trained on scientific rearing, management and community-based breeding of Black Bengal goat and also build up community link with them. Three Black Bengal breeding bucks have been distributed among three potential farmers in three villages under Sakhipur upazilla. The management and performance of Black Bengal goats were monitored closely and analyze the impact of community based breeding program. The analysis of the growth performance showed that male kids attained significantly (p<0.05) higher birth weight (1.28±0.04 kg) than that of female kids (1.06±0.02 kg). The body weights of male at 3, 6, 9 and 12-month were 5.41±0.28, 9.18±0.32, 12.87±0.35 and 16.91±0.46 kg whereas female reached significantly (p<0.05) lower body weight as 4.97±0.16, 8.02±0.21, 10.91±0.23 and 14.21±0.34 kg at the same ages, respectively. Average daily body weight gain up to 12 months of age was also significantly (p<0.05) higher in males (43.42±1.17 g/day) than females (36.53±2.49 g/day). On the other hand, season had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the body weights of Black Bengal goat at 0 (birth), 3, 6, 9, 12-month of age. In case of reproductive performances, it was revealed that age at sexual maturity was 199.32±2.41 days; age at first kidding 393.23±1.38 days; service per conception 1.17±0.04, and litter size was 1.76±0.08 in community based breeding program. Beside these, post-partum heat period of Black Bengal goat was found 47.50±0.87 days. Comparing with the findings of previous research works, these results suggested that community based breeding program has not only reduced the scarcity of good quality breeding bucks but also improved the growth and reproductive performances of Black Bengal goats. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2020. 49 (1): 13-21

Calving success of female caribou in relation to body weight

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 480-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond D. Cameron ◽  
Walter T. Smith ◽  
Steven G. Fancy ◽  
Karen L. Gerhart ◽  
Robert G. White
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Rangifer Tarandus ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Condition ◽  
Successful Pregnancy ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Calf Survival

In late September and October 1987–1990 and early July 1988–1991, 66 radio-collared female caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti) of the Central Arctic Herd were captured and weighed 117 times. Caribou were relocated repeatedly during early June 1988–1991; parturition status, calving date, and perinatal calf survival were determined. Mean autumn body weights of subsequently parturient (90.0 kg) and nonparturient (82.5 kg) females differed significantly (P < 0.01). Mean summer weights 4 – 5 weeks after parturition were significantly higher for females that had calved on or before 7 June (82.2 kg) than for those that had calved after 7 June (72.1 kg; P < 0.01), and for females whose calves survived at least 2 days post partum (80.2 kg) than for those whose calves died within 2 days (70.3 kg; P < 0.01). Significant logistic models were generated for relationships between parturition rate and autumn weight (P < 0.01), between the occurrence of early calving and summer weight (P < 0.05), and between calf survival rate and summer weight (P < 0.02). Body weight appears to be a reasonable index of body condition, which in turn is related to reproductive performance. The probability of a successful pregnancy is largely predetermined at breeding, based on autumn condition, whereas calving date and early calf survival appear to be influenced primarily by maternal condition during late pregnancy.

Effects of prolonged centrifugation on growth and organ development of rats

1965 ◽  
Vol 209 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiro Oyama ◽  
William T. Platt
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
High Gravity ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Apparent Decrease

Mature and weanling Sprague-Dawley female rats were centrifuged at 2.5, 3.5, and 4.7 g for periods of time ranging up to 1 year. The growth rates and final body weights of weanling rats were significantly lower than those of noncentrifuged control rats. Both mature and weanling rats experienced initially a temporary loss in body weight due to inanition and reduced food consumption. Comparison of organ-to-body weight ratios of 4.5-month and 1-year centrifuged rats with corresponding control rats indicated that prolonged exposures caused only a few changes. Relative weights of the adrenals of 4.5-month centrifuged rats were reduced, whereas the livers of 1-year centrifuged rats were increased. There was an apparent decrease in red blood cells and a significant decrease in hematocrit values of centrifuged rats. No histopathology was found in any of the centrifuged groups of rats which could be attributed to the exposure treatment. Results of this study show that rats are able to tolerate prolonged periods of simulated high-gravity environments with little, if any, serious deleterious effects.

scholarly journals Selectins and neutrophil traffic: margination and Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced emigration in murine lungs.

1996 ◽  
Vol 184 (2) ◽  
pp. 639-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P Mizgerd ◽  
B B Meek ◽  
G J Kutkoski ◽  
D C Bullard ◽  
A L Beaudet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Intratracheal Instillation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Pulmonary Capillaries ◽  
Pulmonary Microvessels

The roles of selectins in the pulmonary margination and emigration of neutrophils were investigated by using mice genetically deficient in both E- and P-selectins (E/P mutants) and/or by intravenous injections of fucoidin (inhibiting both L- and P-selectins). E/P mutants were neutrophilic (14.7 +/- 4.9 x 10(6) vs. 0.8 +/- 0.1 x 10(6) neutrophils/ml). This neutrophilia was associated with increased margination of neutrophils within pulmonary capillaries (39.7 +/- 9.4 vs. 4.6 +/- 1.1 neutrophil profiles per 100 red blood cell profiles) but no change in margination within noncapillary pulmonary microvessels. After intratracheal instillation of Streptococcus pneumoniae, lungs of E/P mutants displayed increased neutrophil emigration (564 +/- 92 vs. 116 +/- 19 neutrophils per 100 alveolar profiles), edema (5.3 +/- 1.5 vs. 1.5 +/- 0.4 microliter/g body weight), and histologic evidence of lung injury compared with those in wild-type (WT). Fucoidin treatment did not affect neutrophil emigration during streptococcal pneumonia in WT or E/P mice. During pneumonia, the number of white blood cells (WBC) tethered to or spread upon the noncapillary vessel endothelium increased in both WT and E/P lungs. These are the first data demonstrating that neutrophil margination in uninfected pulmonary capillaries does not require E- and P-selectins; that streptococcal pneumonia induces an E- and P-selectin-independent increase in WBC interactions with noncapillary endothelium; and that migration of neutrophils to alveoli can occur despite deficiency or inhibition of all of the known selectins.

Red blood cell volume and distribution after bleed-out in the rat as determined by Cr51-labeled red blood cells

1958 ◽  
Vol 196 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Muelheims ◽  
Robert Dellenback ◽  
Ruth Rawson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Total Tissue

The distribution of red blood cells after bleed-out was determined in 20 Nembutalized rats (307.1–484.4 gm body weight), using Cr51-labeled red blood cells. The normal red blood cell volume was 2.20 ± 0.25 ml/100 gm body weight. On the average 68.5% of the red blood cells were removed by the bleed-out. Per total tissue the muscle contained most of the red blood cell volume remaining after bleed-out and together with the liver and bone about 65%. Per gram of tissue the spleen had the highest red blood cell volume after bleed-out. The volume of red blood cells remaining in the spleen and kidney was the same as found by Riecke and Everett in unbled Nembutalized rats.

Influence of the spleen on blood volume and haematocrit in the brush-tailed possum (Trichosurus vulpecula)

1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
TJ Dawson ◽  
MJS Denny
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Trichosurus Vulpecula ◽  
Circulating Blood Volume ◽  
Significant Function ◽  
Blood Reservoir

The blood volume of T. vulpecula was measured and the influence of the spleen on the circulating blood volume investigated. The circulating blood volume of "normal" restrained animals was 57.4 � 3.19 ml, the plasma volume being 31.2 � 1.93 ml, and the red blood cell volume 26.2 � 2.08 ml per kilogram body weight. These values tended to be lower than those of eutherian mammals and it is suggested that this might be associated with a possible lower metabolic rate. The spleen was found to have a significant function as a blood reservoir. Measurement of volume of circulating red blood cells after injections of adrenaline (to cause splenic emptying) and chlorpromazine (to achieve maximum filling of the spleen) showed that the splenic reserve of erythrocytes was approximately 11.0 ml/kg body weight.

The metabolic rate of fasting sheep in relation to total and lean body weight, and the estimation of maintenance requirements

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
N McCGraham
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Loss ◽  
Tritiated Water ◽  
Lean Body Weight ◽  
Adult Sheep ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

Calculation of maintenance energy requirements from fasting energy loss is discussed. The fasting energy expenditure and urinary nitrogen loss of six Merino wethers (5–7 years old) were determined at body weights of 60, 50, 40, and 30 kg by means of closed-circuit indirect calorimetry. Body composition was estimated from tritiated water space. Similar measurements were made on 51 other adult sheep of various types and on 12 young animals. Simple correlations between metabolic rate and total or lean body weight of adult sheep are described. There was no evidence of specific effects on these correlations due to age of adults, sex, breed, or body condition. The metabolic rate per unit of lean body weight was the same (c. 27 kcall24 hr/lean kg) for sheep as for man; it was up to twice as great for young animals as for adults. On the average, 24% of the fasting heat production of the sheep was derived from protein oxidation; the proportion tended to increase as the sheep lost condition. Differences between sheep in rate of weight loss during undernutrition could not be accounted for in terms of the measured metabolic rates.

scholarly journals THE TOXIC EFFECTS OF MULTIPLE DOSES OF DIMINAZENE ACETURATE ON THE HAEMATOLOGICAL VALUES OF RATS.

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 146-148
Author(s):  
T. Othman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Serum Sodium ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Diminazene Aceturate ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Dose Dependent

The haematological effects of increasing doses of diminazene aceturate on the blood of swiss albino rats was examined. Following the administration of the drug there was a significant increase in white blood cell (WBC) count (P<0.05). The increase in WBC count occured at all dose levels of 3.5, 7.0), 14.0 and 28.0mg/kg body weight. There was minor change in serum sodium and significant changes in serum potassium levels. All these changes were found not to be strictly dose dependent. This study shows that administration of diminazene aceturate produces increases in white blood cells.

L-Ascorbic Acid Addition to Chitosan Reduces Body Weight in Overweight Women

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Y. Jung ◽  
Sung C. Jun ◽  
Un J. Chang ◽  
Hyung J. Suh
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Overweight Women ◽  
Body Weights

Previously, we have found that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan enhanced the reduction in body weight gain in guinea pigs fed a high-fat diet. We hypothesized that the addition of L-ascorbic acid to chitosan would accelerate the reduction of body weight in humans, similar to the animal model. Overweight subjects administered chitosan with or without L-ascorbic acid for 8 weeks, were assigned to three groups: Control group (N = 26, placebo, vehicle only), Chito group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan), and Chito-vita group (N = 27, 3 g/day chitosan plus 2 g/day L-ascorbic acid). The body weights and body mass index (BMI) of the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the Control group. The BMI of the Chito-vita group decreased significantly compared to the Chito group (Chito: -1.0 kg/m2 vs. Chito-vita: -1.6 kg/m2, p < 0.05). The results showed that the chitosan enhanced reduction of body weight and BMI was accentuated by the addition of L-ascorbic acid. The fat mass, percentage body fat, body circumference, and skinfold thickness in the Chito and Chito-vita groups decreased more than the Control group; however, these parameters were not significantly different between the three groups. Chitosan combined with L-ascorbic acid may be useful for controlling body weight.

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