Genetic control of mitosis, meiosis and cellular differentiation during mammalian spermatogenesis

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 669 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Wolgemuth ◽  
K Rhee ◽  
S Wu ◽  
SE Ravnik
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cell Cycle Control ◽  
Mitotic Cell ◽  
Eukaryotic Cell ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Mammalian Cell Lines ◽  
Unique Cell

Gametogenesis in both the male and female mammal represents a specialized and highly regulated series of cell cycle events, involving both mitosis and meiosis as well as subsequent differentiation. Recent advances in our understanding of the genetic control of the eukaryotic cell cycle have underscored the evolutionarily-conserved nature of these regulatory processes. However, most of the data have been obtained from yeast model systems and mammalian cell lines. Furthermore, most of the observations focus on regulation of mitotic cell cycles. In the present paper: (i) aspects of gametogenesis in mammals that represent unique cell-cycle control points are highlighted; (ii) current knowledge on the regulation of the germ cell cycle, in the context of what is known in yeast and other model eukaryotic systems, is summarized; and (iii) strategies that can be used to identify additional cell cycle regulating genes are outlined.

scholarly journals Cyclin/Forkhead-mediated coordination of cyclin waves: an autonomous oscillator rationalizing the quantitative model of Cdk control for budding yeast

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Barberis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Cell Cycle Control ◽  
Eukaryotic Cell ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Forkhead Transcription Factors ◽  
Dynamic Coordination ◽  
Cell Cycle Dynamics

AbstractNetworks of interacting molecules organize topology, amount, and timing of biological functions. Systems biology concepts required to pin down ‘network motifs’ or ‘design principles’ for time-dependent processes have been developed for the cell division cycle, through integration of predictive computer modeling with quantitative experimentation. A dynamic coordination of sequential waves of cyclin-dependent kinases (cyclin/Cdk) with the transcription factors network offers insights to investigate how incompatible processes are kept separate in time during the eukaryotic cell cycle. Here this coordination is discussed for the Forkhead transcription factors in light of missing gaps in the current knowledge of cell cycle control in budding yeast. An emergent design principle is proposed where cyclin waves are synchronized by a cyclin/Cdk-mediated feed-forward regulation through the Forkhead as a transcriptional timer. This design is rationalized by the bidirectional interaction between mitotic cyclins and the Forkhead transcriptional timer, resulting in an autonomous oscillator that may be instrumental for a well-timed progression throughout the cell cycle. The regulation centered around the cyclin/Cdk–Forkhead axis can be pivotal to timely coordinate cell cycle dynamics, thereby to actuate the quantitative model of Cdk control.

Eukaryotic Cell-Cycle Control

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Nurse
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Cycle Control ◽  
Eukaryotic Cell

The interplay between cyclin-B-Cdc2 kinase (MPF) and MAP kinase during maturation of oocytes

2001 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Abrieu ◽  
M. Doree ◽  
D. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Map Kinase ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Mitotic Cell ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Cyclin B ◽  
Cdc2 Kinase ◽  
Meiotic Chromosomes ◽  
Map Kinase Cascade ◽  
Kinase Cascade

Throughout oocyte maturation, and subsequently during the first mitotic cell cycle, the MAP kinase cascade and cyclin-B-Cdc2 kinase are associated with the control of cell cycle progression. Many roles have been directly or indirectly attributed to MAP kinase and its influence on cyclin-B-Cdc2 kinase in different model systems; yet a principle theme does not emerge from the published literature, some of which is apparently contradictory. Interplay between these two kinases affects the major events of meiotic maturation throughout the animal kingdom, including the suppression of DNA replication, the segregation of meiotic chromosomes, and the prevention of parthenogenetic activation. Central to many of these events appears to be the control by MAP kinase of cyclin translation and degradation.

scholarly journals Quantitative Characterization of a Mitotic Cyclin Threshold Regulating Exit from Mitosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 2129-2138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick R. Cross ◽  
Lea Schroeder ◽  
Martin Kruse ◽  
Katherine C. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Cell Cycle Control ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
Eukaryotic Cell ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Mitotic Cyclin ◽  
Constitutive Overexpression

Regulation of cyclin abundance is central to eukaryotic cell cycle control. Strong overexpression of mitotic cyclins is known to lock the system in mitosis, but the quantitative behavior of the control system as this threshold is approached has only been characterized in the in vitro Xenopus extract system. Here, we quantitate the threshold for mitotic block in budding yeast caused by constitutive overexpression of the mitotic cyclin Clb2. Near this threshold, the system displays marked loss of robustness, in that loss or even heterozygosity for some regulators becomes deleterious or lethal, even though complete loss of these regulators is tolerated at normal cyclin expression levels. Recently, we presented a quantitative kinetic model of the budding yeast cell cycle. Here, we use this model to generate biochemical predictions for Clb2 levels, asynchronous as well as through the cell cycle, as the Clb2 overexpression threshold is approached. The model predictions compare well with biochemical data, even though no data of this type were available during model generation. The loss of robustness of the Clb2 overexpressing system is also predicted by the model. These results provide strong confirmation of the model's predictive ability.

scholarly journals Cytoskeleton and cell cycle control during meiotic maturation of the mouse oocyte: integrating time and space

Reproduction ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (6) ◽  
pp. 801-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephane Brunet ◽  
Bernard Maro
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cell Cycle Control ◽  
Meiotic Maturation ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Large Oocyte ◽  
Polar Bodies ◽  
Cytostatic Factor

During meiotic maturation of mammalian oocytes, two successive divisions occur without an intermediate phase of DNA replication, so that haploid gametes are produced. Moreover, these two divisions are asymmetric, to ensure that most of the maternal stores are retained within the oocyte. This leads to the formation of daughter cells with different sizes: the large oocyte and the small polar bodies. All these events are dependent upon the dynamic changes in the organization of the oocyte cytoskeleton (microtubules and microfilaments) and are highly regulated in time and space. We review here the current knowledge of the interplay between the cytoskeleton and the cell cycle machinery in mouse oocytes, with an emphasis on the two major activities that control meiotic maturation in vertebrates, MPF (Maturation promoting factor) and CSF (Cytostatic factor).

scholarly journals Two distinct ubiquitin-proteolysis pathways in the fission yeast cell cycle

1999 ◽  
Vol 354 (1389) ◽  
pp. 1551-1557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Toda ◽  
Itziar Ochotorena ◽  
Kin-ichiro Kominami
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Cell Cycle Control ◽  
Eukaryotic Cell ◽  
Cdk Inhibitor ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinase ◽  
Anaphase Promoting Complex ◽  
Repeat Proteins ◽  
Cycle Dependent ◽  
Universal Mechanism

The SCF complex (Skp1-Cullin-1-F-box) and the APC/cyclosome (anaphase-promoting complex) are two ubiquitin ligases that play a crucial role in eukaryotic cell cycle control. In fission yeast F-box/WD-repeat proteins Pop1 and Pop2, components of SCF are required for cell-cycle-dependent degradation of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor Rum1 and the S-phase regulator Cdc18. Accumulation of these proteins in pop1 and pop2 mutants leads to re-replication and defects in sexual differentiation. Despite structural and functional similarities, Pop1 and Pop2 are not redundant homologues. Instead, these two proteins form heterodimers as well as homodimers, such that three distinct complexes, namely SCF Pop1/Pop1 , SCF Pop1/Pop2 and SCF Pop2/Pop2 , appear to exist in the cell. The APC/cyclosome is responsible for inactivation of CDK/cyclins through the degradation of B-type cyclins. We have identified two novel components or regulators of this complex, called Apc10 and Ste9, which are evolutionarily highly conserved. Apc10 (and Ste9), together with Rum1, are required for the establishment of and progression through the G1 phase in fission yeast. We propose that dual downregulation of CDK, one via the APC/cyclosome and the other via the CDK inhibitor, is a universal mechanism that is used to arrest the cell cycle at G1.

Mitotic cell cycle control in Physarum

1983 ◽  
Vol 149 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kubbies ◽  
G. Pierron
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Cycle Control ◽  
Mitotic Cell ◽  
Mitotic Cell Cycle

scholarly journals The Multiple Roles of the Cdc14 Phosphatase in Cell Cycle Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 709
Author(s):  
Javier Manzano-López ◽  
Fernando Monje-Casas
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cell Cycle Control ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinase ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cycle Progression

The Cdc14 phosphatase is a key regulator of mitosis in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cdc14 was initially described as playing an essential role in the control of cell cycle progression by promoting mitotic exit on the basis of its capacity to counteract the activity of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdc28/Cdk1. A compiling body of evidence, however, has later demonstrated that this phosphatase plays other multiple roles in the regulation of mitosis at different cell cycle stages. Here, we summarize our current knowledge about the pivotal role of Cdc14 in cell cycle control, with a special focus in the most recently uncovered functions of the phosphatase.

scholarly journals Fission yeast cell cycle mutants and the logic of eukaryotic cell cycle control

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (26) ◽  
pp. 2871-2873
Author(s):  
Paul Nurse
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Fission Yeast ◽  
Cell Cycle Control ◽  
Eukaryotic Cell ◽  
S Phase ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinases ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Rate Limiting ◽  
Working Out

Cell cycle mutants in the budding and fission yeasts have played critical roles in working out how the eukaryotic cell cycle operates and is controlled. The starting point was Lee Hartwell’s 1970s landmark papers describing the first cell division cycle (CDC) mutants in budding yeast. These mutants were blocked at different cell cycle stages and so were unable to complete the cell cycle, thus defining genes necessary for successful cell division. Inspired by Hartwell’s work, I isolated CDC mutants in the very distantly related fission yeast. This started a program of searches for mutants in fission yeast that revealed a range of phenotypes informative about eukaryotic cell cycle control. These included mutants defining genes that were rate-limiting for the onset of mitosis and of the S-phase, that were responsible for there being only one S-phase in each cell cycle, and that ensured that mitosis only took place when S-phase was properly completed. This is a brief account of the discovery of these mutants and how they led to the identification of cyclin-dependent kinases as core to these cell cycle controls.

scholarly journals Dictyostelium as model for studying ubiquitination and deubiquitination

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (8-9-10) ◽  
pp. 529-539
Author(s):  
Barbara Pergolizzi ◽  
Salvatore Bozzaro ◽  
Enrico Bracco
Keyword(s):  
Protein Quality ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Eukaryotic Cell ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Ubiquitin System ◽  
The Social ◽  
Dna Replication And Repair ◽  
Ubiquitin Binding Domain

By protein quality control and degradation, the ubiquitin system drives many essential regulatory processes such as cell cycle and division, signalling, DNA replication and repair. Therefore, dysfunctions in the ubiquitin system lead to many human disease states. However, despite the immense progress made over the last couple of decades, it appears that the ubiquitin system is more complex and multi-faced than formerly expected. In addition to a rich repertoire of ubiquitin, ubiquitin conjugating and de-ubiquitylating enzymes, the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum genome encodes also for a wide array of ubiquitin binding domain-containing proteins, thus offering the possibility to explore the biology of the ubiquitin system from cell and molecular biology points of view. We here provide an overview on the current knowledge about the Ub-system components and we discuss how Dictyostelium might be an outstanding eukaryotic cell model for unravelling the still mostly unknown ubiquitination mechanisms of some human diseases.

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