Intrauterine and peripheral steroid concentrations and conceptus development in Meishan and Large White hybrid gilts

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 783 ◽  
Author(s):  
MG Hunter ◽  
LS Faillace ◽  
HM Picton
Keyword(s):  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Large White ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Embryonic Survival ◽  
Conceptus Development ◽  
Wet Weight

Six Meishan and five Large White hybrid gilts were naturally mated to boars of the same breed during their tenth or third oestrous cycle respectively. Maternal serum progesterone and total oestrone were monitored throughout the pregnancy period. On Day 30 of gestation, all gilts were slaughtered and ovulation rate, embryonic survival, conceptus development and intrauterine steroidogenesis were evaluated. The results of the study confirm previous reports that Meishan pigs have a higher number of live conceptuses (P < 0.03), a higher rate of embryonic survival (92.1% v. 78.6% for Large White hybrids) and a higher ovulation rate (P < 0.02) than Large White hybrid gilts. Embryos from Large White hybrid gilts were heavier (P < 0.001) than Meishan embryos and placental lengths (P < 0.001) and weights (P < 0.001) were greater. The volume of allantoic fluid per conceptus was greater (P < 0.03) in Large White hybrid gilts. The oestradiol concentration in the allantoic fluid was greater in Large White hybrid gilts (P < 0.002), but the progesterone concentration in allantoic fluid did not differ (P > 0.15) between the breeds. More oestradiol was synthesized in vitro on a wet weight basis from placental tissue in Large White hybrid gilts than in Meishan gilts (P < 0.001); however, a positive linear relationship existed in both breeds between oestradiol synthesis and placental length (P < 0.005). Progesterone concentrations in maternal serum tended to be higher overall (P < 0.1) in Meishan gilts than in Large White hybrid gilts throughout the 30-day period of study and were significantly higher (P < 0.02) from Day 13 to Day 30.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Genotype and fetal size affect maternal­–fetal amino acid status and fetal endocrinology in Large White×Landrace and Meishan pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl J. Ashworth ◽  
Margaret O. Nwagwu ◽  
Harry J. McArdle
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Large White ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Acid Status ◽  
Fetal Size

This study compared maternal plasma amino acid concentrations, placental protein secretion in vitro and fetal body composition and plasma amino acid and hormone concentrations in feto–placental units from the smallest and a normally-sized fetus carried by Large White × Landrace or Meishan gilts on Day 100 of pregnancy. Compared with Large White × Landrace, Meishan placental tissue secreted more protein and Meishan fetuses contained relatively more fat and protein, but less moisture. Fetal plasma concentrations of insulin, triiodothryonine, thyroxine and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II were higher in Meishan than Large White × Landrace fetuses. In both breeds, fetal cortisol concentrations were inversely related to fetal size, whereas concentrations of IGF-I were higher in average-sized fetuses. Concentrations of 10 amino acids were higher in Large White × Landrace than Meishan gilts, while glutamine concentrations were higher in Meishan gilts. Concentrations of alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid and threonine were higher in Meishan than Large White × Landrace fetuses. Average-sized fetuses had higher concentrations of asparagine, leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, tyrosine and valine than the smallest fetus. This study revealed novel genotype and fetal size differences in porcine maternal–fetal amino acid status and fetal hormone and metabolite concentrations.

80 RECIPIENT SERUM PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATION AND EARLY CONCEPTUS DEVELOPMENT IN BOVINE EMBRYOS PRODUCED IN VIVO OR IN VITRO

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
C. V. Barnwell ◽  
C. S. Whisnant ◽  
C. E. Farin ◽  
J. E. Alexander ◽  
P. W. Farin
Keyword(s):  
State University ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Conceptus Development ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
The Relationship

The majority of pregnancy loss in cattle occurs during the first 2 to 3 weeks of pregnancy. This loss can be studied by the transfer of in vivo- and in vitro-produced embryos. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between recipient serum progesterone levels both at the time of embryo transfer and at conceptus recovery on conceptus development from in vivo- or in vitro-produced embryos. Embryos were produced in vivo by superovulation of Holstein cows (IVO; n = 17) or in vitro with either serum-containing (IVPS; n = 27) or serum-restricted medium (IVPSR; n = 34). Single grade-1 blastocysts from each embryo production system were transferred into heifers at Day 7. Conceptuses were recovered at Day 17 of gestation (number recovered/number transferred: IVO, 11/17; IVPS, 16/27; IVPSR, 18/34) and classified as complete, degenerated, or no conceptus. Recipient serum progesterone concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay and compared with conceptus development outcomes. Sex of conceptus was determined by PCR using a Y-chromosome specific probe. Data were analysed using Fisher's exact test or ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. Compared with the IVO group, in vitro-produced embryos had more (P = 0.055) degenerated conceptuses (IVO, 0%; IVPS, 18.5%; IVPSR, 20.6%). There were no differences (P > 0.05) in serum progesterone concentrations in recipients assigned to different treatments at Day 7. There was also no effect (P > 0.05) of treatment on progesterone levels in recipients with either male or female conceptuses at the time of transfer. Interestingly, heifers in the in vitro treatment groups had lower (P < 0.01) progesterone concentrations at Day 7 when no conceptus was recovered at Day 17 (IVPS, 2.1 ± 0.4 ng mL–1; IVPSR, 2.7 ± 0.4 ng mL–1; Least squares means ± standard error of the mean) compared with the IVO group (4.5 ± 0.6 ng mL–1). There was no difference in progesterone concentration between treatment groups for heifers with shorter conceptuses (≤194 mm). However, when longer (>194 mm) conceptuses were recovered, heifers with in vitro produced embryos had lower (P < 0.05) progesterone levels at Day 7 compared with those with in vivo produced embryos (IVPS, 2.2 ± 0.6 ng mL–1; IVPSR, 2.3 ± 0.5 ng mL–1; IVO, 3.9 ± 0.6 ng mL–1). In summary, serum progesterone concentrations in recipients at the time of transfer of in vivo- or in vitro-produced embryos were associated with conceptus development at Day 17 of gestation. Research supported by NC State University GAANN Biotechnology Fellowship (C. V. Barnwell) and the College of Veterinary Medicine.

Effect of combined exogenous progesterone with luteotrophic support via equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) on corpus luteum development, circulating progesterone concentrations and embryo development in cattle

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. O'Hara ◽  
N. Forde ◽  
P. Duffy ◽  
F. Randi ◽  
A. K. Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Conceptus Development ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
Exogenous Progesterone ◽  
Intravaginal Device

The aim was to examine the effect of a single intramuscular (i.m.) injection of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) on Day 3 after oestrus on corpus luteum (CL) development, circulating progesterone and conceptus development in cross-bred beef heifers. In Experiment 1, heifers received: (1) saline, or a single i.m. injection of eCG on Day 3 at (2) 250 IU (3) 500 IU (4) 750 IU or (5) 1000 IU. Administration of eCG resulted in increased luteal tissue area and progesterone and oestradiol concentrations compared with controls. In Experiment 2, heifers received (1) a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID Delta) from Day 3 to 5 or (2) a PRID Delta from Day 3 to 5 plus a single injection of 750 IU eCG on Day 3. In vitro-produced blastocysts (n = 10 per recipient) were transferred on Day 7 and heifers were slaughtered on Day 14 to assess conceptus development. Administration of eCG reduced the number of short cycles (6.3% vs 31.3%) and increased mean luteal tissue weight (P = 0.02). Insertion of a PRID Delta on Day 3 resulted in an elevation (P < 0.05) in serum progesterone until removal on Day 5. Administration of eCG at the time of PRID Delta insertion resulted in higher progesterone levels (P < 0.05) from Day 10 onwards. Conceptus dimensions were not affected. In conclusion, a single injection of eCG on Day 3 increased CL size and progesterone concentrations and, when given in conjunction with a progesterone-releasing device, appeared to reduce the number of short cycles, presumably due to its luteotrophic nature. The implications of the elevated oestradiol concentrations for embryo quality require further study.

scholarly journals Prostate-Specific Antigen Synthesis and Secretion by Human Placenta: A Physiological Kallikrein Source during Pregnancy1

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Malatesta ◽  
Ferdinando Mannello ◽  
Francesca Luchetti ◽  
Francesco Marcheggiani ◽  
Leone Condemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Specific Antigen ◽  
Human Placenta ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Messenger Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Human Placental Tissue

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a kallikrein-like serine protease until recently thought to be prostate specific, has been demonstrated in various nonprostatic tissues and body fluids. PSA has been also found in human endometrium and amniotic fluids, even if the significance of this novel expression is unclear. In this study, we have demonstrated by multiple techniques that human placental tissue, obtained at delivery from normal full-term pregnancies, synthesizes and secretes PSA. RT-PCR showed the presence of PSA messenger ribonucleic acid; biochemical, chromatographic, and immunological studies revealed the expression of both free and complexed PSA forms; immunoelectron microscopy indicated the syncytiotrophoblast as the site of PSA synthesis and secretion. Moreover, in vitro experiments demonstrated that PSA production and secretion are up-regulated by 17β-estradiol, a pregnancy-related steroid hormone. These results suggest that human placenta is a source of the PSA present in amniotic fluid and maternal serum during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Expression profile and protein levels of placental products as indirect measures of placental function in in vitro-derived bovine pregnancies

Reproduction ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Bertolini ◽  
Charles R Wallace ◽  
Gary B Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Placental Lactogen ◽  
Placental Function ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Indirect Measures ◽  
Foetal Membranes ◽  
Conceptus Development

Bovine conceptus development and its association with placental proteins present in maternal, foetal and neonatal plasma and foetal (amniotic and allantoic) fluids were investigated inin vivo- andin vitro-produced (IVP) concepti and newborn calves. Females were superovulated to obtain control embryos, whereas IVP embryos were derived from establishedin vitroprocedures. Pregnant animals were slaughtered on days 90 or 180 of gestation or allowed to develop to term for the assessment of physical traits. Foetal, maternal and neonatal blood and foetal fluids were collected for the determination of bovine placental lactogen (bPL) and bovine pregnancy-specific protein B (bPSPB) concentrations. Placental transcripts for bPL and bPSPB, determined by quantitative RT-PCR, were elevated in IVP placentomes. No major physical differences were observed between groups on day 90, but concentrations of bPL and bPSPB were higher in foetal plasma and allantoic fluid of IVP concepti in day 180 pregnancies, which were correlated with larger uterine and conceptus traits. Maternal concentrations of bPL in IVP pregnancies were lower than controls during the last 8 weeks of gestation, to become similar as parturition approached. Newborn IVP calves and foetal membranes were larger and displayed higher concentrations of plasma bPL than controls (10 and 60 min after birth). Our results indicated that differential patterns of secretion of bPL and bPSPB into the maternal and foetal systems occurred at distinct stages of gestation, and these were associated with altered conceptus development afterin vitroembryo manipulations, indirectly demonstrating deviations in placental function in IVP pregnancies.

scholarly journals 164BOVINE PLACENTAL LACTOGEN (BPL) AND BOVINE PREGNANCY-SPECIFIC PROTEIN B (BPSPB) AS INDIRECT MEASURES OF PLACENTAL FUNCTION IN IN VITRO-DERIVED BOVINE PREGNANCIES

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 204 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bertolini ◽  
C.R. Wallace ◽  
G.B. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Allantoic Fluid ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Placental Lactogen ◽  
Placental Function ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Conceptus Development ◽  
Physical Traits ◽  
Protein B

Associations between abnormal placental and fetal development after in vitro embryo manipulations have been suggested to play a key role in the occurrence of high birth weights. This study was designed to investigate bovine conceptus development in in vivo- (controls) and in vitro-produced (IVP) concepti and newborn calves, and its association with specific placental proteins usually present in maternal, fetal and neonatal plasma and fetal (amniotic and allantoic) fluids. Females were superovulated to obtain control embryos, whereas IVP embryos were derived from established in vitro embryo production procedures (Bertolini et al., 2002 Theriogenology 58,973). Pregnant animals from each group were slaughtered on Days 90 and 180 of gestation (n=4 control, n=5 IVP pregnancies/day), or allowed to develop to term (n=6/group). Conceptus and neonatal physical traits were recorded after slaughter or delivery (Bertolini et al., 2001 Theriogenology 55,347; 2002 57,361; 2002 58,973). Maternal and fetal plasma and fluids were sampled after slaughter; maternal blood was sampled weekly from Day 30 of pregnancy to term. Neonatal blood samples were collected at 10min, and at 1, 6, 12 and 24h after birth. Bovine placental lactogen (bPL) and pregnancy-specific protein B (bPSPB) concentrations were determined in plasma and fluid samples, according to Wallace (1993 Dom. Anim. Endocrinol. 10, 67) for bPL, and by a commercial service for bPSPB (BioTracking, Moscow, ID, USA.). Data were compared by Proc GLM of SAS and Pearson’s correlation test (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA.). No major physical differences in conceptus traits were observed between groups on Day 90, but concentrations of bPL and bPSPB were higher in fetal plasma (8.1±0.5 v. 10.7±0.5ngmL−1 for bPL, and 4.4±8.2 v. 32.5±5.8ngmL−1 for bPSPB) and allantoic fluid (bPL only; 3.6±1.1 v. 7.8±1.0ngmL−1) of IVP concepti (P&lt;0.05). Day-180 IVP pregnancies displayed larger uterine and conceptus traits (P&lt;0.05), and bPSPB concentrations were 2.9-fold lower (84.3±22.4 v. 20.5±22.4ngmL−1) in the allantoic fluid (P&lt;0.05) of IVP pregnancies, for a 2- to 3-fold larger allantoic fluid volume than controls (P&lt;0.07). Concentrations of bPL in fetal plasma and fluids were higher than in maternal plasma, but no differences in bPSPB concentrations were observed across fluid types. Newborn IVP calves and fetal membranes were larger, displaying 3- to 4-fold higher concentrations of plasma bPL (P&lt;0.05) and bPSPB (P&lt;0.08) than controls (10 and 60min after birth) and maternal plasma (at delivery). Maternal concentrations of bPL in IVP pregnancies were lower than controls during the last 8 weeks of gestation (P&lt;0.05), to become similar as parturition approached. Generally, concentrations of bPL and bPSPB in plasma were correlated with physical traits (0.750&gt;r&gt;0.958, P&lt;0.001) and with one another in plasma and fluids (0.715&gt;r&gt;0.938, P&lt;0.001). Our results indicated that differential patterns of secretion of bPL and bPSPB into the maternal and fetal systems occurred at distinct stages of gestation, which were associated with altered conceptus development after in vitro embryo manipulations, indirectly demonstrating deviations in placental function in IVP pregnancies.

Evidence for episodic GnRH-modulated hCG secretion by placental tissue in vitro

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (3_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S103 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. MERZ ◽  
C. ERLEWEIN ◽  
P. LICHT ◽  
T. O. F. WAGNER
Keyword(s):  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Hcg Secretion

Pertumbuhan Dan Perkembangan Anggrek Dendrobium anosmum Pada Media Kultur In Vitro Dengan Beberapa Konsentrasi Air Kelapa

Agrologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Tuhuteru ◽  
Meity L Hehanussa ◽  
Simon H.T Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Dendrobium anosmum is one of natural orchids in Indonesia. Optimization of medium composition for orchid propagation through in vitro culture is necessary to enhance propagule multiplication capabilities and quality. This study was aimed to study the influence of concentration of coconut water in culture medium on in vitro growth and development of D. anosmum orchid species and to determine the optimal coconut water concentration in culture media.  The experiment were arranged in a Completely Randomized Design with four treatments and eight replications. The treatments consisted of the addition of coconut water with concentrations: 0 ml•l -1 (control), 50 ml•l-1, 100 ml•l-1 and 150 ml•l-1. The results showed that addition of coconut water in culture medium gave different effect on shoot growth and multiplication of D. anosmum orchids.  Coconut water concentration of 100 ml•l-1 was the best concentration for growth and multiplication of D. anosmum orchids, based on both shoots and roots growth, plantlet height and wet weight.

Second-trimester maternal serum progesterone levels in Turner syndrome with and without hydrops and in trisomy 18

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 476-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Lambert-Messerlian ◽  
D. N. Saller ◽  
M. B. Tumber ◽  
C. A. French ◽  
C. J. Peterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Trisomy 18 ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Serum Progesterone
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