Epididymal constituents and related substances in the storage of spermatozoa: a review

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
BP Setchell ◽  
LG Sanchez-Partida ◽  
A Chairussyuhur
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Related Substances ◽  
Duration Of Storage ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Mammalian Spermatozoa

In vertebrate animals, the duration of storage of viable spermatozoa in the epididymis varies from a few hours in birds to many months in reptiles and bats. The available information on the unusual composition of the epididymal luminal fluid is summarized, and the effect of the various constituents on sperm motility is described. Spermatozoa would probably be best stored in an immotile state and some constituents of epididymal luminal fluid may be able to inhibit the motility of mammalian spermatozoa during storage in vitro. If this effect can then be removed at the time of insemination, by changing the spermatozoa to a different medium, such a procedure may allow storage of spermatozoa at room or even body temperature for extended periods.

Cluster analysis reveals a binary effect of storage on boar sperm motility function

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heiko Henning ◽  
Anna M. Petrunkina ◽  
Robin A. P. Harrison ◽  
Dagmar Waberski
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Sperm Analysis ◽  
Duration Of Storage ◽  
Boar Sperm ◽  
Storage Effects

Storage of liquid-preserved boar spermatozoa is associated with a loss of fertilising ability of the preserved spermatozoa, which standard semen parameters barely reflect. Monitoring responses to molecular effectors of sperm function (e.g. bicarbonate) has proven to be a more sensitive approach to investigating storage effects. Bicarbonate not only initiates capacitation in spermatozoa, but also induces motility activation. This occurs at ejaculation, but also happens throughout passage through the oviduct. In the present study we tested whether the specific response of boar sperm subpopulations to bicarbonate, as assessed by motility activation, is altered with the duration of storage in vitro. Three ejaculates from each of seven boars were diluted in Beltsville thawing solution and stored at 17°C. Only minor changes in the parameters of diluted semen were revealed over a period of 72 h storage. For assessment of bicarbonate responses, subsamples of diluted spermatozoa were centrifuged through a discontinuous Percoll gradient after 12, 24 and 72 h storage. Subsequently, spermatozoa were incubated in two Ca2+-free variants of Tyrode’s medium either without (TyrControl) or with (TyrBic) 15 mM bicarbonate, and computer-aided sperm analysis motility measurements were made. Cluster analysis of imaging data from motile spermatozoa revealed the presence of five major sperm subpopulations with distinct motility characteristics, differing between TyrBic and TyrControl at any given time (P < 0.001). Although there was an increasing loss of motility function in both media, bicarbonate induced an increase in a ‘fast linear’ cohort of spermatozoa in TyrBic regardless of storage (66.4% at 12 h and 63.9% at 72 h). These results imply a binary pattern in response of sperm motility function descriptors to storage: although the quantitative descriptor (percentage of motile spermatozoa) declines in washed semen samples, the qualitative descriptor (percentage of spermatozoa stimulated into fast linear motion by bicarbonate) is sustained independent of the duration of storage.

scholarly journals Effects of calpain and Rho-kinase inhibitors on the acrosome reaction and motility of fowl spermatozoa in vitro

Reproduction ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Ashizawa ◽  
G J Wishart ◽  
S Katayama ◽  
D Takano ◽  
M Maeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Acrosome Reaction ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Rho Kinase ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Immunoblot Analysis ◽  
Calpain Inhibitor ◽  
Cytoplasmic Matrix ◽  
Sperm Extract

At the avian body temperature of 40 °C, intact fowl spermatozoa require Ca2+for the initiation of motility and a combination of both Ca2+and homogenized inner perivitelline layer (IPVL) together to induce the acrosome reaction. Within the range of 1–100 μmol/l, neither PD 150606 (a Ca2+-dependent calpain inhibitor) nor Y-27632 (an inhibitor of Ca2+-dependent Rho-kinase) were able to inhibit the acrosome reaction induced by the presence of Ca2+and IPVL. However, PD 150606, although not Y-27632, was able to inhibit sperm motility initiated by Ca2+, as well as motility initiated by calyculin A – a specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases, which also initiates sperm motility at 40 °C. The addition of PD 150606 did not reduce the ATP concentrations of intact spermatozoa, nor the motility of demembranated spermatozoa. Immunoblot analysis of sperm extract using a polyclonal antibody against calpain 12 revealed a cross-reacting protein of approximately 80 kDa. These results suggest that Rho-kinase is not involved in the regulation of the acrosome reaction or of motility in fowl spermatozoa. In contrast, calpain appears to be involved in the regulation of flagellar movement, but not izn that of the acrosome reaction. Furthermore, it seems that endogenous calpain is present in the cytoplasmic matrix and/or the plasma membrane, but not retained in the axoneme and/or accessory cytoskeletal components.

An Insight into Novel Sperm Cell Proteins as Bio-markers for Male Infertility: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naina Kumar ◽  
Namit Kant Singh
Keyword(s):  
Male Infertility ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Zona Pellucida ◽  
English Language ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Sperm Dna Damage ◽  
Sperm Proteins

: Male infertility is rising now-a-days and accounts for major part of infertility cases worldwide. Novel tests are being developed for better detection and management of male infertility. Though there are many tests available for diagnosing male infertility like acrosome reaction rate, hemizona assay, in vivo or in vitro sperm penetration assay, sperm DNA damage tests, but semen analysis is most commonly used initial test for male infertility. It is usually associated with failure to detect cause in many cases, as seminal composition gets affected by a number of factors and can give false reports. Furthermore, it does not give any information about defects in capacitation, sperm Zona Pellucida interaction and sperm’s ability to fertilize oocytes. This results in failure of detection and delayed management of male infertility. Hence, the present review was conducted to identify various sperm proteins that play significant role in spermatogenesis, sperm motility, sperm-Zona Pellucida interaction and fertilization. These proteins can be used in future as markers of male infertility and will aid in better detection and management of male infertility. Methodology: Search for literature was made from 1970 to 2020 from various databases like PUBMED, SCOPUS, Google Scholar on sperm proteins and their role in male fertility using keywords: “sperm protein as bio-markers”, “novel sperm proteins as markers of infertility”, “Sperm proteins essential for capacitation, sperm motility and oocyte fertilization”. Inclusion criteria: All full-length research articles, systematic reviews, meta-analysis or abstracts on sperm proteins and male infertility published in English language in peer-reviewed journals were considered.

Abstract 9: Temperature-responsive Cell Delivery Biopolymers for Cardiac Tissue Engineering

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brisa Pena ◽  
Valentina Martinelli ◽  
Susanna Bosi ◽  
Carmen Sucharov ◽  
Mark Jeong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Ventricular Myocytes ◽  
3D Culture ◽  
Polymeric Matrix ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Cell Delivery

Background: Advances in cell therapy and material science have made tissue engineering a promising strategy for heart regeneration. We developed an injectable biomimetic reverse thermal gel (RTG) that is liquid at room temperature but gel-like at body temperature, with the ultimate goal of being able to serve as a vehicle for cell-based delivery (liquid) to targeted tissue areas (gel-phase at 37°C). In this study we tested the suitability of this biomimetic RTG on cell viability. Methods and results: We tested different biomimetic RTG systems with and without the chemical incorporation of lysine. In vitro 3D culture experiments were performed with neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) by mixing 3x104 cells with 50 μl of polymeric solution and allowing gel formation at 37°C. The cultured cells were incubated for 21 days. For controls we used NRVMs plated on 2D traditional gelatin coated dishes. We found that the 3D polymeric matrix induces rapid coordinated contraction with improved functionality when compared with standard 2D-cultured NRVM. By immunostaining for the morphology of the sarcomere (alpha-actinin) and DAPI, we also observed that the 3D polymeric matrix stimulates cells to spread and form 3D syncytia. Conclusion: These proof-of-concept results demonstrate long-term cell viability in this unique biomimetic system and therefore provide feasibility of a polymeric cell delivery system that permits reversible liquid-to-gel transition at body temperature. These results offer potential for a tissue engineering approach to cardiac regeneration.

PSV-5 Relationship between sire conception rate, sperm motility, sperm SERPINA5 relative concentration, and in vitro produced embryos in dairy bulls

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 310-310
Author(s):  
Saulo Menegatti Zoca ◽  
Julie Walker ◽  
Taylor Andrews ◽  
Adalaide C Kline ◽  
Jerica J Rich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Cleavage Rate ◽  
Blastocyst Rate ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Sire Conception Rate

Abstract Sire conception rate (SCR) is a field measure of fertility among bulls, but it can be influenced by several factors (Sperm transport, sperm-egg binding, early embryo development, etc). The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between SCR, sperm motility, SERPINA5 concentrations, and in vitro embryo development. Measurements were performed in 19 bulls with SCR values ranging from -7.7 to 4.45. For each bull, an aliquot of frozen-thawed semen was used for analyses of total (TMOT) and progressive (PROG) motility. Remaining semen was fixed with 2% formaldehyde, and concentration of SERPINA5 was determined by immunolocalization (antibody SERPINA5/Dylight405; PA5-79976-Invitrogen / ab201798-Abcam). Mean fluorescence intensity was determined in ~200 sperm heads/bull. Approximately 149 oocytes/bull were fertilized in vitro for embryo development analysis (cleavage and blastocyst rates). Statistical procedures were performed in SAS (9.4) using the procedures CORR for correlations (SCR, TMOT, PROG, SERPINA5, cleavage and blastocyst) and GLIMMIX for comparison of “field-fertility” (SCR divided in HIGH or LOW) and “field-embryo-fertility” (LOW-SCR sires were divided based on blastocyst rate (HIGH or LOW) resulting in two classifications; LOW-HIGH≥31% and LOW-LOW≤26%, respectively). There were positive correlations (P &lt; 0.05) between cleavage-blastocyst (r=0.50), SERPINA5-cleavage (r=0.48), and TMOT-PROG (r=0.76). Sire SCR was not associated with SERPINA5, TMOT, PROG, cleavage and blastocyst rate (P &gt; 0.52). Among LOW-SCR sires, LOW-LOW sires (-4.83±0.60) tended to have a better SCR score than LOW-HIGH (-6.18±0.42) sires (P = 0.08), but there were no differences (P &gt; 0.43) between LOW-HIGH, LOW-LOW, and HIGH sires for SERPINA5, TMOT, PROG, and cleavage. In conclusion, some LOW SCR sires have good embryo development indicating a different mechanism for their low SCR; however, these differences in SCR could not be explained by TMOT, PROG, SERPINA5, cleavage and blastocyst. There were, however, positive correlations between cleavage-blastocyst rate, and SERPINA5-cleavage rate.

scholarly journals Effects of male telomeres on probability of paternity in sand lizards

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 20180033 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Pauliny ◽  
Emily Miller ◽  
Nicky Rollings ◽  
Erik Wapstra ◽  
Donald Blomqvist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Female Identity ◽  
Laboratory Population ◽  
Lacerta Agilis

Standardized swim-up trials are used in in vitro fertilization clinics to select particularly motile spermatozoa in order to increase the probability of a successful fertilization. Such trials demonstrate that sperm with longer telomeres have higher motility and lower levels of DNA damage. Regardless of whether sperm motility, and successful swim-up to fertilization sites, is a direct or correlational effect of telomere length or DNA damage, covariation between telomere length and sperm performance predicts a relationship between telomere length and probability of paternity in sperm competition, a prediction that for ethical reasons cannot be tested on humans. Here, we test this prediction in sand lizards ( Lacerta agilis ) using experimental data from twice-mated females in a laboratory population, and telomere length in blood from the participating lizards. Female identity influenced paternity (while the mechanism was not identified), while relatively longer male telomeres predicted higher probability of paternity. We discuss potential mechanisms underpinning this result.

scholarly journals Cooling of equine semen at 16°C for 36 hours with addition of different glutathione concentrations

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 3699
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Arruda de Oliveira ◽  
Marco Antônio De Oliveira Viu ◽  
Maria Lúcia Gambarini
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Membrane Lipid ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Sperm Viability ◽  
Membrane Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Acrosomal Membrane ◽  
In Vitro Effects

Handling equine semen during the refrigeration process reduces sperm viability, and consequently causes membrane lipid peroxidation, among other challenges. The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effects of glutathione (control, 1. 0, 1. 5, and 2. 5 mM) on equine semen in a refrigeration protocol of 16ºC for 36 hours. The following variables were evaluated after 0, 12, 24, and 36 hours refrigeration: total sperm motility, vigor, viability, and plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity. Motility was higher with 2. 5mM of glutathione (57. 8 ± 7. 3) after 12 hours of refrigeration compared to the control (53. 2 ± 8. 3) (P < 0. 05). After 36 hours of refrigeration, motility was higher with 1. 5 mM (43. 4 ± 12. 7) and 2. 5mM glutathione (45. 5 ± 6. 2), than it was with 1mM glutathione (38. 2 ± 9) and the control (35. 5 ± 18. 4) (P < 0. 05), respectively. Vigor was highest with 1. 5mM glutathione (3. 7 ± 0. 3) after 36 hours compared to the control (3. 2 ± 1. 1), (P < 0. 05). Viability differed between control and 1mM treatments (79. 5 ± 1. 8) only after 24 hours (75. 5 ± 9. 7) (P < 0. 05). Throughout the investigation, no significant differences were noted in plasma and acrosomal membrane integrity (P > 0. 05). The 1. 5 and 2. 5mM glutathione levels were more efficient in protecting sperm cells and yielded higher total motility values after 36 hours of refrigeration.

scholarly journals Acrosomal integrity and capacitation are not influenced by sperm cryopreservation in the giant panda

Reproduction ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
R E Spindler ◽  
Y Huang ◽  
J G Howard ◽  
P Wang ◽  
H Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Giant Panda ◽  
Calcium Ionophore ◽  
Sperm Cryopreservation ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Giant Pandas ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cryopreservation Protocol ◽  
Acrosomal Integrity

Sperm cryopreservation and artificial insemination are important management tools for giant panda breeding and the preservation of extant genetic diversity. This study examined the influence of freeze–thawing on sperm function, specifically capacitation. Sperm from nine giant pandas were assessed before and after rapid (− 40 and − 100 °C/min) cryopreservation by incubation in HEPES-buffered Ham’s F10 medium with and without the capacitation accelerators, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX) and dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP). At 0, 3 and 6 h of exposure, aliquots were assessed for sperm motility traits and capacitation, defined as the proportion of sperm with intact acrosomes following exposure to solubilised zonae pellucidae (ursid or felid) or calcium ionophore subtracted from the proportion of sperm with intact acrosomes before exposure. Although mean±s.e.m. sperm motility post-thaw (56.1 ± 3.9% at 0 h) was less (P < 0.05) than pre-freeze (71.7 ± 6.0%), there was no difference (P > 0.05) in the proportion of acrosome-intact sperm (fresh, 93.0 ± 1.7% versus cryopreserved–thawed, 81.7 ± 4.7% at 0 h). Incidence of capacitation was greater (P < 0.05) in fresh sperm incubated with capacitation accelerators IBMX and dbcAMP (9 h: 50.9 ± 1.1) compared with fresh sperm incubated without accelerators (9 h: 41.2 ± 1.1%). Frozen–thawed sperm preincubated without accelerators underwent capacitation (49.6 ± 1.1%) to a greater extent (P < 0.05) compared with these fresh counterparts. Thawed samples with (9 h: 45.9 ± 1.4%) and without accelerators (9 h: 41.2 ± 1.1%) did not differ (P > 0.05) during the 9-h incubation. We conclude that giant panda spermatozoa (1) undergo capacitation in vitro with or without chemical accelerators and (2) withstand a rapid cryopreservation protocol, including retaining normal acrosomal integrity and functional capacitation ability.

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