Effect of exogenous hormones on R-spondin 1 (RSPO1) gene expression and embryo development in Pelodiscus sinensis

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1425
Author(s):  
Hongwei Liang ◽  
Yan Meng ◽  
Lihuan Cao ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Guiwei Zou
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Aromatase Inhibitor ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Embryo Morphology ◽  
Pelodiscus Sinensis ◽  
Growth Status ◽  
Important Regulator

Little is known about sex determination and differentiation in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis. R-Spondin 1 (RSPO1), a candidate sex-determining gene, is an important regulator of ovarian differentiation in animals. Exogenous drugs can affect sex differentiation. In this study we cloned the RSPO1 gene from P. sinensis (psRSPO1) and analysed its expression profile. The psRSPO1 gene exhibited sequence identity with RSPO1 genes from other species. RSPO1 protein-based phylogenetic analysis showed that psRSPO1 in P. sinensis is closely related to RSPO1 proteins from other turtles. psRSPO1 showed abundant expression in adult brain and gonads, with higher levels in females than males. We also evaluated the effects of three finaconcentration of 2.5, 5.0 and 10mgmL−1 exogenous oestradiol (E2) and aromatase inhibitor (letrozole) on the expression of psRSPO1, external embryo morphology, growth status of embryos and the sex ratio when the drugs were injected to eggs during incubation. The expression of psRSPO1 was upregulated and downregulated by exogenous oestradiol and letrozole respectively, despite inconsistent expression trends at different embryo development times. External embryo morphology, growth status and sex ratio were affected by both exogenous oestradiol and the aromatase inhibitor. Feminisation was induced by oestradiol, but inhibited by letrozole. These results will contribute to studies of the potential molecular mechanisms underlying sex differentiation and sex control in the Chinese soft-shelled turtle.

Effect of aromatase inhibitor on expression of CYP19A, DMRT1, and gonadal sex differentiation in Takifugu ob-scures

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo HUANG ◽  
Xiaoyu YANG ◽  
Qi DAI ◽  
Qi WANG ◽  
Dan YUN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aromatase Inhibitor ◽  
Sex Differentiation

Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) during porcine embryo development

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Ann Blomberg ◽  
Kurt A. Zuelke
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Functional Genomics ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Transgenic Animals ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Research Strategies

Functional genomics provides a powerful means for delving into the molecular mechanisms involved in pre-implantation development of porcine embryos. High rates of embryonic mortality (30%), following either natural mating or artificial insemination, emphasise the need to improve the efficiency of reproduction in the pig. The poor success rate of live offspring from in vitro-manipulated pig embryos also hampers efforts to generate transgenic animals for biotechnology applications. Previous analysis of differential gene expression has demonstrated stage-specific gene expression for in vivo-derived embryos and altered gene expression for in vitro-derived embryos. However, the methods used to date examine relatively few genes simultaneously and, thus, provide an incomplete glimpse of the physiological role of these genes during embryogenesis. The present review will focus on two aspects of applying functional genomics research strategies for analysing the expression of genes during elongation of pig embryos between gestational day (D) 11 and D12. First, we compare and contrast current methodologies that are being used for gene discovery and expression analysis during pig embryo development. Second, we establish a paradigm for applying serial analysis of gene expression as a functional genomics tool to obtain preliminary information essential for discovering the physiological mechanisms by which distinct embryonic phenotypes are derived.

scholarly journals Targeting bone morphogenetic protein signalling in midbrain dopaminergic neurons as a therapeutic approach in Parkinson's disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard W. O'Keeffe ◽  
Shane V. Hegarty ◽  
Aideen M. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Neurotrophic Factor ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Axon Growth ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Bmp Receptors

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neurons and their axons, and aggregation of α-synuclein, which leads to motor and late-stage cognitive impairments. As the motor symptoms of PD are caused by the degeneration of a specific population of mDA neurons, PD lends itself to neurotrophic factor therapy. The goal of this therapy is to apply a neurotrophic factor that can slow down, halt or even reverse the progressive degeneration of mDA neurons. While the best known neurotrophic factors are members of the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family, their lack of clinical efficacy to date means that it is important to continue to study other neurotrophic factors. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are naturally secreted proteins that play critical roles during nervous system development and in the adult brain. In this review, we provide an overview of the BMP ligands, BMP receptors (BMPRs) and their intracellular signalling effectors, the Smad proteins. We review the available evidence that BMP–Smad signalling pathways play an endogenous role in mDA neuronal survival in vivo, before outlining how exogenous application of BMPs exerts potent effects on mDA neuron survival and axon growth in vitro and in vivo. We discuss the molecular mechanisms that mediate these effects, before highlighting the potential of targeting the downstream effectors of BMP–Smad signalling as a novel neuroprotective approach to slow or stop the degeneration of mDA neurons in PD.

Follicular environment as a predictive tool for embryo development and kinetics in cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gláucia Pereira Alves ◽  
Fernanda Bertuccez Cordeiro ◽  
Camila Bruna de Lima ◽  
Kelly Annes ◽  
Érika Cristina dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Granulosa Cells ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Embryo Morphology ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Transcription Pattern ◽  
Transcriptional Pattern

Follicular fluid composition and the transcription pattern of granulosa cells were analysed to better comprehend associations between embryo development and morphokinetics. Bovine follicles were punctured and their respective follicular fluid and granulosa cells were collected. Cumulus–oocyte complexes derived from these follicles were matured and fertilised invitro. Embryo morphology and kinetics were evaluated at 40h after insemination, when embryos were classified as fast (FCL, four or more cells), slow (SCL, 2–3 cells) or non-cleaved (NCL). Their development was followed until the blastocyst stage. Glucose, pyruvate, cholesterol and oestradiol were quantified in the follicular fluid and the transcription pattern of 96 target genes was evaluated in granulosa cells by large-scale quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Follicular fluid from the blastocyst group had increased levels of glucose, total cholesterol and pyruvate compared to the non-blastocyst group, whereas higher levels of oestradiol were observed in the follicular fluid of embryos and blastocysts with fast cleavage. The transcriptional pattern revealed altered metabolic pathways between groups, such as lipid metabolism, cellular stress and cell signalling. In conclusion, both follicular fluid and granulosa cells are associated with the possibility of identifying follicles that may generate embryos with high potential to properly develop to the blastocyst stage.

scholarly journals The Integrator complex regulates microRNA abundance through RISC loading

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Kirstein ◽  
Sadat Dokaneheifard ◽  
Pradeep Reddy Cingaram ◽  
Monica Guiselle Valencia ◽  
Felipe Beckedorff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Mature Mirnas ◽  
Mirna Biogenesis ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Rna Maturation ◽  
Nascent Transcripts ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Mirna Duplex

MicroRNA (miRNA) homeostasis is crucial for the post-transcriptional regulation of their target genes and miRNA dysregulation has been linked to multiple diseases, including cancer. The molecular mechanisms underlying miRNA biogenesis from processing of primary miRNA transcripts to formation of mature miRNA duplex are well understood. Loading of miRNA duplex into members of the Argonaute (Ago) protein family, representing the core of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), is pivotal to miRNA-mediated gene silencing. The Integrator complex has been previously shown to be an important regulator of RNA maturation, RNA polymerase II pause-release, and premature transcriptional termination. Here, we report that loss of Integrator results in global diminution of mature miRNAs. By incorporating 4-Thiouridine (s4U) in nascent transcripts, we traced miRNA fate from biogenesis to stabilization and identified Integrator to be essential for proper miRNA assembly into RISC. Enhanced UV crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (eCLIP) of Integrator confirms a robust association with mature miRNAs. Indeed, Integrator potentiates Ago2-mediated cleavage of target RNAs. These findings highlight an essential role for Integrator in miRNA abundance and RISC function.

scholarly journals GENE EXPRESSION DURING INDIRECT SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS OF PLANTS

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammy Estabrooks ◽  
Zhongmin Dong
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Indirect Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Experimental Tool ◽  
Plant Embryo ◽  
Plant Embryo Development

Somatic embryogenesis is the process by which somatic cells are induced into an embryogenic state, followed by differentiation into embryos. Somatic embryogenesis, in addition to being a method of propagation, can serve as an experimental tool for research into plant embryo development. This is a review of the current literature on in vitro plant somatic embryogenesis and the molecular advances made to identify genes expressed during the various stages of this process. Some factors hindering the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying somatic embryogenesis are discussed.L’embryogenèse somatique est le processus par lequel les cellules somatiques passent à l’état embryogène et se différencient en embryons. En plus de constituer une méthode de propagation, elle peut servir d’outil expérimental de recherche pour développer des embryons de plantes. Le présent document est une revue de la documentation sur l’embryogenèse somatique végétale in vitro et sur les progrès réalisés à l’échelle moléculaire pour identifier les gènes exprimés au cours des divers stades du processus. On examine aussi certains facteurs qui rendent difficile l’élucidation des mécanismes moléculaires de l’embryogenèse somatique.

scholarly journals Ablation of the MiR-17-92 MicroRNA Cluster in Germ Cells Causes Subfertility in Female Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Wang ◽  
Bo Xu ◽  
Geng G. Tian ◽  
Tao Sun ◽  
Ji Wu
Keyword(s):  
Germ Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Conditional Knockout ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Follicular Atresia ◽  
Apoptotic Pathway ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Important Regulator

Background/Aims: Oogenesis is a highly complex process that is intricately regulated by interactions of multiple genes and signaling molecules. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. There is emerging evidence that microRNAs contribute to oogenesis. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of miR-17-92 cluster in regulating oogenesis. Methods: The miR-17-92 cluster was genetically ablated in germ cells of female mice by applying the Cre-loxp system for conditional gene knockout. Mating experiment, superovulation and histological analysis were used to assess the fertility of the model female mice. TUNEL assay was used to identify apoptotic cells in ovaries. The expression level of apoptosis- and follicular atresia- related genes was evaluated by qRT-PCR. Western blotting was performed to detect protein expression. Bioinformatics software and dual luciferase reporter assay were applied to predict and verify the target of miR-17-92 cluster. Results: Deletion of miR-17-92 cluster in germ cells of female mice caused increased oocyte degradation and follicular atresia, perturbed oogenesis, and ultimately led to subfertility. Genes involved in follicular atresia and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway were obviously up-regulated. Furthermore, we verified that miR-19a regulated oogenesis at the post-transcriptional level by targeting Bmf in the ovaries of miR-17-92 cluster conditional knockout female mice. Conclusion: The miR-17-92 cluster is an important regulator of oogenesis. These findings will assist in better understanding the etiology of disorders in oogenesis and in developing new therapeutic targets for female infertility.

Analysis of Expression Profiles of mRNA and lncRNA in Oviduct During Estrus Phase of Sheep (Ovis Aries) with Two Fecundity (FecB Gene) Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihao Chen ◽  
Zhifeng Li ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Mingxing Chu
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Functional Enrichment ◽  
Saga Complex ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Estrus Phase

Abstract Background:In sheep, FecB is the essential biomarker of the fertility, previous researches have provided a detailed insight on the regulation involved estrus phase and FecB in the reproductive-related tissues including hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovary. However, as the host of embryo development and connection between the ovary and the uterus, little is known about the interaction between mRNAs and lncRNAs in sheep oviduct. In the present study, RNA-Seq was performed to identify the transcriptomic profiles of mRNAs and lncRNAs in oviduct during estrus phase of sheep with FecBBB/++ genotypes.Results:In total, 21,863 lncRNAs and 43,674 mRNAs were identified, 57 DE lncRNAs and 637 DE mRNAs were revealed in the comparisons between follicular phase and luteal phase, 26 DE lncRNAs and 421 DE lncRNAs were revealed in the comparisons between FecB BB genotype and FecB ++ genotype. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that GO and KEGG terms related to reproduction such as SAGA complex, ATP-binding cassette (ABC), Nestin, and Hippo signalling pathway. DE-interaction network suggested that LNC_018420 maybe the key regulators related to embryo development in sheep oviduct.Conclusion:This was the first study to reveal the transcriptomic profiles of mRNAs and lncRNAs in the oviduct of FecB BB/++ sheep at estrus phase using RNA-Seq. Our findings can provide new understanding on the molecular mechanisms of mRNAs and lncRNAs underlying sheep embryo development and also opening new lines of investigation in sheep reproduction.

scholarly journals Gene Expression Patterns Underlying the Reinstatement of Plasticity in the Adult Visual System

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ettore Tiraboschi ◽  
Ramon Guirado ◽  
Dario Greco ◽  
Petri Auvinen ◽  
Jose Fernando Maya-Vetencourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Monocular Deprivation ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Gene Expression Patterns ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Critical Periods

The nervous system is highly sensitive to experience during early postnatal life, but this phase of heightened plasticity decreases with age. Recent studies have demonstrated that developmental-like plasticity can be reactivated in the visual cortex of adult animals through environmental or pharmacological manipulations. These findings provide a unique opportunity to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms of adult plasticity. Here we used the monocular deprivation paradigm to investigate large-scale gene expression patterns underlying the reinstatement of plasticity produced by fluoxetine in the adult rat visual cortex. We found changes, confirmed with RT-PCRs, in gene expression in different biological themes, such as chromatin structure remodelling, transcription factors, molecules involved in synaptic plasticity, extracellular matrix, and excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. Our findings reveal a key role for several molecules such as the metalloproteases Mmp2 and Mmp9 or the glycoprotein Reelin and open up new insights into the mechanisms underlying the reopening of the critical periods in the adult brain.

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