scholarly journals Maternal periconceptional and first trimester protein restriction in beef heifers: effects on placental parameters and fetal and neonatal calf development

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 495 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. J. Copping ◽  
J. Hernandez-Medrano ◽  
A. Hoare ◽  
K. Hummitzsch ◽  
I. C. McMillen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Hepatic Gene Expression ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
Neonatal Calf ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Glucose Output

Few studies have investigated the effects of nutrition during the periconception and early gestation periods on fetal and placental development in cattle. In this study, nulliparous yearling heifers (n=360) were individually fed a diet high or low in protein (HPeri and LPeri) beginning 60 days before conception. From 24 to 98 days after conception, half of each treatment group was changed to the alternative high- or low-protein diet (HPost and LPost) yielding four groups in a 2×2 factorial design. A subset of heifers (n=46) was necropsied at 98 days after conception and fetoplacental development assessed. Placentome number and volume decreased in response to LPeri and LPost diets respectively. Absolute lung, pancreas, septum and ventricle weights decreased in LPost versus HPost fetuses, whereas the post-conception diet altered absolute and relative liver and brain weights depending on sex. Similarly, changes in fetal hepatic gene expression of factors regulating growth, glucose output and lipid metabolism were induced by protein restriction in a sex-specific manner. At term, neonatal calf and placental measures were not different. Protein restriction of heifers during the periconception and early gestation periods alters fetoplacental development and hepatic gene expression. These changes may contribute to functional consequences for progeny, but this may not be apparent from gross morphometry at birth.

PSIII-6 Gene Expression Profile of Beef Heifer Placental Caruncles Is Affected by Pre-breeding and Early Gestation Micronutrient Supplementation

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 157-158
Author(s):  
Wellison Jarles Da Silva Diniz ◽  
Lawrence P Reynolds ◽  
Alison K Ward ◽  
Pawel P Borowicz ◽  
Kevin K K Sedivec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Micronutrient Supplementation ◽  
Data Quality Control ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ca Homeostasis ◽  
D 83

Abstract Vitamins and minerals are essential for proper fetal and placental development and function. However, the impact of micronutrient supplementation on placental function and gene expression remains unclear. Herein, we performed a transcriptomic analysis to determine the impact of pre-breeding maternal micronutrient supplementation on the gene expression of placental caruncles (CAR; maternal placenta). Crossbred Angus beef heifers were supplemented (VTM, n = 7) or not (CON, n = 7) with 113 g•heifer-1•d-1 of mineral premix (Purina® Wind & Rain® Storm® All-Season 7.5 Complete) from d 71 to 148 before breeding and until d 83 of gestation. After breeding, heifers were fed a diet to gain 0.79 kg/d. Uteroplacental tissues were collected at d 83. The largest placentome closest to the fetus was collected, and CAR was manually dissected from the cotyledon. Total RNA was isolated from CAR, and gene expression was measured with RNA-Seq. After data quality control and read mapping, differential expression was performed using DESeq2. We identified 46 upregulated and 19 downregulated genes in the VTM group (adj.Pval < 0.1). ShinyGO pathway analysis software was used to identify genes in the Ca and CGMP-PKG signaling pathways, including CALM2 and CAMK2G, which were down and upregulated, respectively. Calcium-mediated systems may activate steroidogenic activity in bovine placentomes, while the cGMP-PKG pathway plays a key role in vascular homeostasis mediated by nitric oxide and decreased Ca concentrations. Furthermore, biological processes underlying blood circulation were among those over-represented. Previous studies report that maternal nutrition may impact placental vascularity and uterine blood flow. ATP2B, that is upregulated in the VTM group, is a calcium/calmodulin-regulated, magnesium-dependent protein involved in intracellular Ca homeostasis. In summary, pre-breeding and early gestation maternal micronutrient supplementation leads to differential expression of genes involved in Ca homeostasis and has a putative effect on placenta vascular function.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress Alters miRNA and Gene Expression Profiles in Villous First Trimester Trophoblasts

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney E. Cross ◽  
Mai F. Tolba ◽  
Catherine M. Rondelli ◽  
Meixiang Xu ◽  
Sherif Z. Abdel-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Mirna Profile ◽  
Trophoblast Cells ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure

The relationship between oxidative stress and miRNA changes in placenta as a potential mechanism involved in preeclampsia (PE) is not fully elucidated. We investigated the impact of oxidative stress on miRNAs and mRNA expression profiles of genes associated with PE in villous 3A first trimester trophoblast cells exposed to H2O2at 12 different concentrations (0-1 mM) for 0.5, 4, 24, and 48 h. Cytotoxicity, determined using the SRB assay, was used to calculate the IC50of H2O2. RNA was extracted after 4 h exposure to H2O2for miRNA and gene expression profiling. H2O2exerted a concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxicity on 3A trophoblast cells. Short-term exposure of 3A cells to low concentration of H2O2(5% of IC50) significantly altered miRNA profile as evidenced by significant changes in 195 out of 595 evaluable miRNAs. Tool for annotations of microRNAs (TAM) analysis indicated that these altered miRNAs fall into 43 clusters and 34 families, with 41 functions identified. Exposure to H2O2altered mRNA expression of 22 out of 84 key genes involved in dysregulation of placental development. In conclusion, short-term exposure of villous first trimester trophoblasts to low concentrations of H2O2significantly alters miRNA profile and expression of genes implicated in placental development.

Temporal candidate gene expression in the sow placenta and embryo during early gestation and effect of maternal Progenos supplementation on embryonic and placental development

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 550 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Novak ◽  
F. Paradis ◽  
J. L. Patterson ◽  
J. A. Pasternak ◽  
K. Oxtoby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Muscle Development ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Early Gestation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Critical Phases ◽  
Embryonic Muscle Development ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

The present study characterised gene expression associated with embryonic muscle development and placental vascularisation during early gestation in the pig and examined effects of Progenos supplementation in early pregnancy. Tissues were collected from commercial multiparous sows (n = 48) from Days 16 to 49 of gestation. In the placenta, qPCR revealed that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) expression did not change from Day 17 to 49 of gestation; however, KDR receptor and angiopoietin-1 and -2 expression were differentially regulated, with periods of high expression corresponding to two critical phases of angiogenesis in the pig. In the embryo, the pattern of myogenesis-related gene expression was consistent with available literature. A commercially available nutritional supplement Progenos (20 g day–1 l-arginine) added to the diet of sows from either Day 15 to 29 (P15–29; n = 33), Day 30 to 44 (n = 29) or from Day 15 to 44 (n = 76) of gestation tended to increase (P = 0.058) embryonic growth rate compared with non-supplemented controls (n = 79) and angiogenin expression was higher (P = 0.028) at Day 30 of gestation in placentae from sows on the P15–29 Progenos treatment. These results are consistent with proposed beneficial effects of l-arginine on early embryonic development and placental vascularisation.

Influence of maternal low protein diet during pregnancy on hepatic gene expression signature in juvenile female porcine offspring

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Döring ◽  
Kai Lüersen ◽  
Constance Schmelzer ◽  
Steffen Hennig ◽  
Iris S. Lang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Expression Signature ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Hepatic Gene Expression ◽  
Juvenile Female ◽  
Expression Signature ◽  
Low Protein

scholarly journals A gestational low-protein diet represses p21WAF1/Cip1 expression in the mammary gland of offspring rats through promoter histone modifications

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (6) ◽  
pp. 998-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shasha Zheng ◽  
Michelle Rollet ◽  
Kefeng Yang ◽  
Yuan-Xiang Pan
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Histone Modifications ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Histone H4 ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Maternal Protein Restriction

Maternal exposure to environmental agents throughout pregnancy may change certain metabolic processes during the offspring's mammary gland development and alter the epigenome. This may predispose the offspring to breast cancer later in life. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of maternal protein restriction on the regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1 (p21) gene expression in the mammary gland of rat offspring. Timed-mated Sprague–Dawley rats were fed one of the two isoenergetic diets, control (C, 18 % casein) or low protein (LP, 9 % casein), during gestation. Compared with the C group, LP offspring showed a decrease of p21 in the mammary gland at both the mRNA and protein levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that the down-regulation of p21 transcription in LP offspring was associated with reduced acetylation of histone H3 and dimethylation of H3K4 within the p21 promoter region, but was not associated with acetylation of histone H4 or histone methylation. DNA methylation analysis using bisulphite sequencing did not detect differences in methylation at the p21 promoter between the offspring of the C and LP groups. We conclude that maternal protein restriction inhibits p21 gene expression in the mammary gland of offspring through histone modifications at the promoter region of the p21 gene.

Maternal low protein diet restricted to the preimplantation period induces a gender-specific change on hepatic gene expression in rat fetuses

2006 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wing Yee Kwong ◽  
Daniel J. Miller ◽  
Adrian P. Wilkins ◽  
Mark S. Dear ◽  
J. Neville Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Hepatic Gene Expression ◽  
Specific Change ◽  
Rat Fetuses ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Gender Specific

Effects of maternal low-protein diet and spontaneous physical activity on the transcription of neurotrophic factors in the placenta and the brains of mothers and offspring rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jéssica Fragoso ◽  
Gabriela Carvalho Jurema Santos ◽  
Helyson Thomaz da Silva ◽  
Emmanuelle Loizon ◽  
Viviane de Oliveira Nogueira Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Running Wheel ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Maternal Protein Restriction ◽  
Spontaneous Physical Activity

Abstract Maternal protein restriction and physical activity can affect the interaction mother–placenta–fetus. This study quantified the gene expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurothrophin 4, tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB/NTRK2), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), and insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1r) in the different areas of mother’s brain (hypothalamus, hippocampus, and cortex), placenta, and fetus’ brain of rats. Female Wistar rats (n = 20) were housed in cages containing a running wheel for 4 weeks before gestation. According to the distance spontaneously traveled daily, rats were classified as inactive or active. During gestation, on continued access to the running wheel, active and inactive groups were randomized to receive normoprotein diet (18% protein) or a low-protein (LP) diet (8% protein). At day 20 of gestation, gene expression of neurotrophic factors was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in different brain areas and the placenta. Dams submitted to a LP diet during gestation showed upregulation of IGF-1r and BDNF messenger RNA in the hypothalamus, IGF-1r and NTRK2 in the hippocampus, and BDNF, NTRK2, IGF-1 and IGF-1r in the cortex. In the placenta, there was a downregulation of IGF-1. In the brain of pups from mothers on LP diet, IGF-1r and NTRK2 were downregulated. Voluntary physical activity attenuated the effects of LP diet on IGF-1r in the hypothalamus, IGF-1r and NTRK2 in the hippocampus, IGF-1 in the placenta, and NTRK2 in the fetus’ brain. In conclusion, both maternal protein restriction and spontaneous physical activity influence the gene expression of BDNF, NTRK2, IGF-1, and IGF-1r, with spontaneous physical activity being able to normalize in part the defects caused by protein restriction during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Maternal periconceptional and first trimester protein restriction in beef heifers: effects on maternal performance and early fetal growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Katrina J. Copping ◽  
Andrew Hoare ◽  
I. Caroline McMillen ◽  
Raymond J. Rodgers ◽  
Charles R. Wallace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Maternal Performance ◽  
Post Period

This study evaluated the effect of protein restriction during the periconception (PERI) and first trimester (POST) periods on maternal performance, physiology and early fetal growth. Yearling nulliparous heifers (n=360) were individually fed a diet high or low in protein (HPeri and LPeri respectively) beginning 60 days before conception. From 24 to 98 days post-conception (dpc), half of each treatment group changed to the alternative post-conception high- or low-protein diet (HPost and LPost respectively), yielding four groups in a 2×2 factorial design with a common diet until parturition. Protein restriction was associated with lower bodyweight subsequent to reduced (but positive) average daily weight gain (ADG) during the PERI and POST periods. During the POST period, ADG was greater in LPeri than HPeri heifers and tended to be greater in LPost than HPost heifers during the second and third trimester. Bodyweight was similar at term. The pregnancy rate did not differ, but embryo loss between 23 and 36 dpc tended to be greater in LPeri than HPeri heifers. Overall, a greater proportion of male fetuses was detected (at 60 dpc 63.3% male vs 36.7% female). Protein restriction altered maternal plasma urea, non-esterified fatty acids, progesterone, leptin and insulin-like growth factor 1 at critical stages of fetal development. However, profiles varied depending on the sex of the conceptus.

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