Influence of follicle size on bovine oocyte lipid composition, follicular metabolic and stress markers, embryo development and blastocyst lipid content

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Annes ◽  
Diego B. Müller ◽  
Jorge A. P. Vilela ◽  
Roniele S. Valente ◽  
Diana P. Caetano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Lipid Deposition ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Elongase ◽  
Large Follicle ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Follicle Size

This study assessed the lipid composition of oocytes from different follicle sizes and compared the expression of lipid-related genes and follicular fluid (FF) molecules between groups. We also investigated the functional consequences of differences on embryo development and blastocyst lipid deposits. Oocytes and FF were recovered from different follicle sizes. Oocytes from small (≤5mm) and large (≥6mm) bovine follicles were used to produce Day 7 expanded blastocysts (Day7Ex) and blastocysts that only became expanded at Day 8 (Day8Ex) after insemination. Oocytes from >8mm follicles had the highest lipid content. Few oocyte phospholipid variations were identified between groups. Very long chain fatty acid elongase 6 (ELOVL6) mRNA abundance was reduced in larger follicle-derived oocytes compared with the ≤2mm group. Increased levels of glucose, reactive oxygen species, glutathione and superoxide dismutase activity were also identified in FF from larger follicles. Large follicle-derived embryo development and lipid content of Day7Ex were greater than those derived from small follicles. Day8Ex had greater lipid deposition than Day7Ex. Oocytes and blastocysts exhibited follicle size-specific lipids. Large-follicle oocytes had increased lipid content and became Day7Ex with greater lipid deposition whereas delayed blastocoel expansion associated with a prolonged period of culture determined the lipid accumulation of Day8Ex. The FF microenvironment of large follicles seems to favour embryo development.

scholarly journals Identification of the molecular regulation of differences in lipid deposition in dedifferentiated preadipocytes from different chicken tissues

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Ma ◽  
Na Luo ◽  
Lu Liu ◽  
Huanxian Cui ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Transport ◽  
Lipid Deposition ◽  
Ppar Signaling ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Background A body distribution with high intramuscular fat and low abdominal fat is the ideal goal for broiler breeding. Preadipocytes with different origins have differences in terms of metabolism and gene expression. The transcriptome analysis performed in this study of intramuscular preadipocytes (DIMFPs) and adipose tissue-derived preadipocytes (DAFPs) aimed to explore the characteristics of lipid deposition in different chicken preadipocytes by dedifferentiation in vitro. Results Compared with DAFPs, the total lipid content in DIMFPs was reduced (P < 0.05). Moreover, 72 DEGs related to lipid metabolism were screened, which were involved in adipocyte differentiation, fatty acid transport and fatty acid synthesis, lipid stabilization, and lipolysis. Among the 72 DEGs, 19 DEGs were enriched in the PPAR signaling pathway, indicating its main contribution to the regulation of the difference in lipid deposition between DAFPs and DIMFPs. Among these 19 genes, the representative APOA1, ADIPOQ, FABP3, FABP4, FABP7, HMGCS2, LPL and RXRG genes were downregulated, but the ACSL1, FABP5, PCK2, PDPK1, PPARG, SCD, SCD5, and SLC27A6 genes were upregulated (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) in the DIMFPs. In addition, the well-known pathways affecting lipid metabolism (MAPK, TGF-beta and calcium) and the pathways related to cell communication were enriched, which may also contribute to the regulation of lipid deposition. Finally, the regulatory network for the difference in lipid deposition between chicken DAFPs and DIMFPs was proposed based on the above information. Conclusions Our data suggested a difference in lipid deposition between DIMFPs and DAFPs of chickens in vitro and proposed a molecular regulatory network for the difference in lipid deposition between chicken DAFPs and DIMFPs. The lipid content was significantly increased in DAFPs by the direct mediation of PPAR signaling pathways. These findings provide new insights into the regulation of tissue-specific fat deposition and the optimization of body fat distribution in broilers.

scholarly journals Two Italian Patients with ELOVL4-Related Neuro-Ichthyosis:  Expanding the Genotypic and Phenotypic Spectrum and Ultrastructural Characterization

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 343
Author(s):  
Andrea Diociaiuti ◽  
Diego Martinelli ◽  
Francesco Nicita ◽  
Claudia Cesario ◽  
Elisa Pisaneschi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type ◽  
Facial Dysmorphism ◽  
Macular Dystrophy ◽  
Compound Heterozygous ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Elongase ◽  
Spastic Quadriplegia ◽  
Long Chain

Elongation of Very Long Chain Fatty Acid-4 (ELOVL4) is a fatty acid elongase responsible for very long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis in the brain, retina, and skin. Heterozygous mutations in ELOVL4 gene cause Stargardt-like macular dystrophy and spinocerebellar ataxia type-34, while different homozygous mutations have been associated with ichthyosis, spastic quadriplegia, and mental retardation syndrome in three kindred. We report the first two Italian children affected with neuro-ichthyosis due to the previously undescribed ELOVL4 homozygous frameshift variant c.435dupT (p.Ile146TyrfsTer29), and compound heterozygous variants c.208C>T (p.Arg70Ter) and c.487T>C (p.Cys163Arg), respectively. Both patients were born with collodion membrane followed by development of diffuse mild hyperkeratosis and scaling, localized erythema, and palmoplantar keratoderma. One infant displayed mild facial dysmorphism. They suffered from failure to thrive, and severe gastro-esophageal reflux with pulmonary aspiration. The patients presented axial hypotonia, hypertonia of limbs, and absent head control with poor eye contact from infancy. Visual evoked potentials showed markedly increased latency and poor morphological definition, indicative of alteration of the retro-retinal visual pathways in both patients. Ultrastructural skin examination revealed abnormalities of lamellar bodies with altered release in the epidermal granular and horny layer intracellular spaces. Our findings contribute to expanding the phenotypic and genotypic features of ELOVL4-related neuro-ichthyosis.

Abstract 631: Lipid Composition of Gold Nanoparticle-Templated High-Density Lipoprotein Analogs Dictates Cholesterol Efflux Function

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Kannan Mutharasan ◽  
Amritha T Singh ◽  
Kaylin M McMahon ◽  
C Shad Thaxton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Reverse Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Lipid Membrane ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Cholesterol Transport

Background: Reverse cholesterol transport, the process by which cholesterol is effluxed from cells to high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and is delivered to the liver for clearance, is a promising pathway to augment for treatment of atherosclerosis. Though structure-function relationships for nascent, discoidal HDL and cholesterol efflux have been well studied, how the lipid composition of spherical HDL species - which varies in pathophysiological conditions - impacts their ability to mediate cholesterol efflux has not been investigated. Methods and Results: Spherical gold nanoparticles (5 nm) were used to synthesize spherical HDL analogs (HDL-NP) by adding ApoAI protein, and various lipids. With this strategy a panel of HDL-NP varying in lipid content was generated. HDL-NP designs tested include: dipalmitylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC, saturated fatty acid), dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC, unsaturated fatty acid), sphingomyelin, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and mixtures thereof. All of these species are found in natural HDL. After characterizing protein and lipid stoichiometry of the purified HDL-NP, these HDL-NP designs were tested in the cellular reverse cholesterol transport assay using J774 mouse macrophages. These studies demonstrate that all HDL-NP designs mediate more efflux than equimolar amounts of ApoAI protein control, and further demonstrate that HDL-NP designs incorporating unsaturated phospholipid (DOPC), sphingomyelin, and LPC - each of which can increase disorder in the lipid membrane and thus give rise to opportunity for cholesterol to intercalate and bind - enhance cholesterol efflux compared to saturated phospholipid (DPPC) design. Conclusion: In summary, these results demonstrate that lipid content of HDL-NP - analogs of spherical HDL - dictates cholesterol efflux function, a finding which sheds light on the functional importance of lipid content variation seen in mature, spherical HDL species.

scholarly journals Lipids of lung and lung fat emboli of the toothed whales (Odontoceti)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Arregui ◽  
Hillary Lane Glandon ◽  
Yara Bernaldo de Quirós ◽  
Idaira Felipe-Jiménez ◽  
Francesco Consoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lung Tissue ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Fat Embolism ◽  
Tissue Lipid ◽  
Healthy Lung Tissue ◽  
Tissue Lipid Composition ◽  
Healthy Lung

Abstract Lipids are biomolecules present in all living organisms that, apart from their physiological functions, can be involved in different pathologies. One of these pathologies is fat embolism, which has been described histologically in the lung of cetaceans in association with ship strikes and with gas and fat embolic syndrome. To assess pathological lung lipid composition, previous knowledge of healthy lung tissue lipid composition is essential; however, these studies are extremely scarce in cetaceans. In the present study we aimed first, to characterize the lipids ordinarily present in the lung tissue of seven cetacean species; and second, to better understand the etiopathogenesis of fat embolism by comparing the lipid composition of lungs positive for fat emboli, and those negative for emboli in Physeter macrocephalus and Ziphius cavirostris (two species in which fat emboli have been described). Results showed that lipid content and lipid classes did not differ among species or diving profiles. In contrast, fatty acid composition was significantly different between species, with C16:0 and C18:1ω9 explaining most of the differences. This baseline knowledge of healthy lung tissue lipid composition will be extremely useful in future studies assessing lung pathologies involving lipids. Concerning fat embolism, non-significant differences could be established between lipid content, lipid classes, and fatty acid composition. However, an unidentified peak was only found in the chromatogram for the two struck whales and merits further investigation.

scholarly journals A prematuration approach to equine IVM: considering cumulus morphology, seasonality, follicle of origin, gap junction coupling and large-scale chromatin configuration in the germinal vesicle

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Lodde ◽  
Silvia Colleoni ◽  
Irene Tessaro ◽  
Davide Corbani ◽  
Giovanna Lazzari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junction ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Germinal Vesicle ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Chromatin Configuration ◽  
Follicle Size ◽  
Meiotic Competence

Several studies report that a two-step culture where mammalian oocytes are first kept under meiosis-arresting conditions (prematuration) followed by IVM is beneficial to embryo development. The most promising results were obtained by stratifying the oocyte population using morphological criteria and allocating them to different culture conditions to best meet their metabolic needs. In this study, horse oocytes were characterised to identify subpopulations that may benefit from prematuration. We investigated gap-junction (GJ) coupling, large-scale chromatin configuration and meiotic competence in compact and expanded cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) according to follicle size (&lt;1, 1–2, &gt;2cm) and season. Then we tested the effect of cilostamide-based prematuration in compact COCs collected from follicles &lt;1 and 1–2cm in diameter on embryo development. Meiotic competence was not affected by prematuration, whereas COCs from follicles 1–2cm in diameter yielded embryos with a higher number of cells per blastocyst than oocytes that underwent direct IVM (P&lt;0.01, unpaired Mann–Whitney test), suggesting improved developmental competence. Oocytes collected from follicles &lt;1cm in diameter were not affected by prematuration. This study represents an extensive characterisation of the functional properties of immature horse oocytes and is the first report of the effects of cilostamide-based prematuration in horse oocyte IVM on embryo development.

Seasonal Changes in the Lipid Composition of Herring (Clupea Harengus) in Relation to Gonad Maturation

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J. Henderson ◽  
S.M. Almatar
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Content ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Clupea Harengus ◽  
Gonad Maturation ◽  
British Isles ◽  
Spawning Period ◽  
Active Feeding

It is well established that the lipid content of the herring Clupea harengus from the waters around the British Isles and Ireland undergoes a marked seasonal cycle, being highest during the summer months of active feeding and lowest after a winter fast (Wood, 1958; lies & Wood, 1965; Lovern & Wood, 1937; Molloy & Cullen, 1981; Wallace, 1986). In the case of spring-spawning herring, the minimum lipid content coincides with the spawning period and the depletion of lipid over winter corresponds with the development of gonads (Lovern & Wood, 1937).

scholarly journals Influence of antral follicle size on oocyte characteristics and embryo development in the bovine

2005 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 841-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Sophie Lequarre ◽  
Céline Vigneron ◽  
Fabrice Ribaucour ◽  
Peter Holm ◽  
Isabelle Donnay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Development ◽  
Antral Follicle ◽  
Follicle Size
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