Expression of microRNA in male reproductive tissues and their role in male fertility

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Pratt ◽  
S. M. Calcatera
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Fluid ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Tissue Development ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Male Reproductive Tissue ◽  
Extracellular Mirna

MicroRNA (miRNA) are small non-coding RNA, approximately 22 nucleotides in length, that regulate gene expression through their ability to bind to mRNA. The role of miRNA in cellular and tissue development is well documented and their importance in male reproductive tissue development is actively being evaluated. They are present in spermatogonia, Sertoli and Leydig cells within the testis and are present in mature spermatozoa, indicating roles in normal testicular development, function and spermatogenesis. Their presence in spermatozoa has led to postulations about the roles of male miRNA during early embryonic development after fertilisation, including chromatin restructuring and possible epigenetic effects on embryo development. MiRNAs are also present in body fluids, such as blood serum, milk, ovarian follicular fluid and seminal fluid. Circulating miRNAs are stable, and aberrant expression of cellular or extracellular miRNA has been associated with multiple pathophysiological conditions, the most studied being numerous forms of cancer. Considering that miRNAs are present in spermatozoa and in seminal fluid, their stability and the relatively non-invasive procedures required to obtain these samples make miRNAs excellent candidates for use as biomarkers of male reproduction and fertility. Biomarkers, such as miRNAs, identifying fertile males would be of financial interest to the animal production industry.

scholarly journals Role of microRNA and Long Non-Coding RNA in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Gupta ◽  
Kumari Chandan ◽  
Maryam Sarwat
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Liver Cancers ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Novel Biomarkers

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for about 80-90% of all liver cancers and is found to be the third most common cause of cancer mortality in the Asia-Pacific region. Risk factors include hepatitis B and C virus, cirrhosis, aflatoxin-contaminated food, alcohol, and diabetes. Surgically removing the tumor tissue seems effective but a high chance of recurrence has led to an urgent need to develop novel molecules for the treatment of HCC. Clinical management with sorafenib is found to be effective but it is only able to prolong survival for a few months. Various side effects like gastrointestinal and abdominal pain, hypertension, and hemorrhage are also associated with sorafenib, which calls for the unmet need of effective therapies against HCC. Similarly, the genetic mechanisms behind the occurrence of HCC are still unknown and need to be expounded further for developing newer candidates. Since unearthing the concept of these variants, transcriptomics has revealed the role of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in many cellular, physiological and pathobiological processes. They are also found to be widely associated and abundantly expressed in a variety of cancer. Aberrant expression and mutations are closely related to tumorigenesis and metastasis and hence are classified as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer, including HCC. Herein, this review summarises the relationship between ncRNAs and hepatocellular carcinoma.

scholarly journals Y RNA: An Overview of Their Role as Potential Biomarkers and Molecular Targets in Human Cancers

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caterina Gulìa ◽  
Fabrizio Signore ◽  
Marco Gaffi ◽  
Silvia Gigli ◽  
Raffaella Votino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Bodily Fluids ◽  
Oncological Patients ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Tumor Types ◽  
Established Role ◽  
Inhibit Cell Proliferation

Y RNA are a class of small non-coding RNA that are largely conserved. Although their discovery was almost 40 years ago, their function is still under investigation. This is evident in cancer biology, where their role was first studied just a dozen years ago. Since then, only a few contributions were published, mostly scattered across different tumor types and, in some cases, also suffering from methodological limitations. Nonetheless, these sparse data may be used to make some estimations and suggest routes to better understand the role of Y RNA in cancer formation and characterization. Here we summarize the current knowledge about Y RNA in multiple types of cancer, also including a paragraph about tumors that might be included in this list in the future, if more evidence becomes available. The picture arising indicates that Y RNA might be useful in tumor characterization, also relying on non-invasive methods, such as the analysis of the content of extracellular vesicles (EV) that are retrieved from blood plasma and other bodily fluids. Due to the established role of Y RNA in DNA replication, it is possible to hypothesize their therapeutic targeting to inhibit cell proliferation in oncological patients.

Expression profile of MicroRNA: An Emerging Hallmark of Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 642-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uzma Zaheer ◽  
Muhammed Faheem ◽  
Ishtiaq Qadri ◽  
Nargis Begum ◽  
Hadi M. Yassine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Messenger Rnas ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Posttranscriptional Gene Regulation ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Prognostic Utility ◽  
Additional Level ◽  
The Stability

MicroRNA (miRNAs), a class of small, endogenous non-coding RNA molecules of about 21-24 nucleotides in length, have unraveled a new modulatory network of RNAs that form an additional level of posttranscriptional gene regulation by targeting messenger RNAs (mRNAs). These miRNAs possess the ability to regulate gene expression by modulating the stability of mRNAs, controlling their translation rates, and consequently regulating protein synthesis. Substantial experimental evidence established the involvement of miRNAs in most biological processes like growth, differentiation, development, and metabolism in mammals including humans. An aberrant expression of miRNAs has been implicated in several pathologies, including cancer. The association of miRNAs with tumor growth, development, and metastasis depicts their potential as effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Furthermore, exploitation of the role of different miRNAs as oncogenes or tumor suppressors has aided in designing several miRNA-based therapeutic approaches for treating cancer patients whose clinical trials are underway. In this review, we aim to summarize the biogenesis of miRNAs and the dysregulations in these pathways that result in various pathologies and in some cases, resistance to drug treatment. We provide a detailed review of the miRNA expression signatures in different cancers along with their diagnostic and prognostic utility. Furthermore, we elaborate on the potential employment of miRNAs to enhance cancer cell apoptosis, regress tumor progression and even overcome miRNA-induced drug resistance.

scholarly journals Circulating MicroRNAs as Prognostic and Therapeutic Biomarkers in Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Veronica Zelli ◽  
Chiara Compagnoni ◽  
Roberta Capelli ◽  
Katia Cannita ◽  
Tina Sidoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Molecular Subtypes ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Circulating Micrornas ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Biological Features ◽  
Non Coding Rna

Breast cancer (BC) is a common and heterogeneous disease, of which six molecular subtypes, characterized by different biological features and clinical outcomes, were described. The identification of additional biomarkers able to further connote and distinguish the different BC subtypes is essential to improve the diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategies in BC patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA involved in several physiological and pathological processes, including cancer development and progression. In particular, circulating miRNAs, which can be found in an adequately stable structure in serum/plasma of cancer patients, are emerging as very promising non-invasive biomarkers. Several studies have analyzed the potential role of circulating miRNAs as prognostic and therapeutic markers in BC. In the present review we describe circulating miRNAs, identified as putative biomarker in BC, with special reference to different BC molecular subtypes.

scholarly journals The Regulatory Role of MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Yi Loh ◽  
Brendan P. Norman ◽  
Kok-Song Lai ◽  
Nik Mohd Afizan Nik Abd. Rahman ◽  
Noorjahan Banu Mohamed Alitheen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Messenger Rnas ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Current State ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
State Of Research

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules which function as critical post-transcriptional gene regulators of various biological functions. Generally, miRNAs negatively regulate gene expression by binding to their selective messenger RNAs (mRNAs), thereby leading to either mRNA degradation or translational repression, depending on the degree of complementarity with target mRNA sequences. Aberrant expression of these miRNAs has been linked etiologically with various human diseases including breast cancer. Different cellular pathways of breast cancer development such as cell proliferation, apoptotic response, metastasis, cancer recurrence and chemoresistance are regulated by either the oncogenic miRNA (oncomiR) or tumor suppressor miRNA (tsmiR). In this review, we highlight the current state of research into miRNA involved in breast cancer, with particular attention to articles published between the years 2000 to 2019, using detailed searches of the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The post-transcriptional gene regulatory roles of various dysregulated miRNAs in breast cancer and their potential as therapeutic targets are also discussed.

scholarly journals Ultraconserved Long Non-Coding RNA Uc.112 is Abnormally Expressed in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Subtypes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Chagas ◽  
Graziella Sousa ◽  
Marcio Kodama ◽  
Carlos Biagi Junior ◽  
José Yunes Andres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Pediatric All ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) aberrant expression have been found in several types of cancer, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), but lncRNA mapped in transcribed ultraconserved regions (T-UCRs) are little explored. The T-UCRs uc.112, uc.122, uc.160 and uc.262 were evaluated in pediatric ALL and uc.112 expression was higher in T-ALL compared to patients with B-ALL and in patients with hyperdiploid karyotype. These findings suggest a potential role of this uc.112 in pediatric ALL and emphasize the need for further investigation of T-UCR in pediatric ALL.

Using integrative lipid systems biology to understand the role of Liver X receptors (LXRs) in male reproduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheba Jarvis ◽  
Lee Gethings ◽  
Raffaella Gadeleta ◽  
Emmanuelle Claude ◽  
Robert Winston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systems Biology ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Liver X Receptors ◽  
X Receptors

Role of Cardiac MRI in Detecting Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Marymol Koshy ◽  
Bushra Johari ◽  
Mohd Farhan Hamdan ◽  
Mohammad Hanafiah
Keyword(s):  
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Genetic Disorder ◽  
Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Potential Use

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a global disease affecting people of various ethnic origins and both genders. HCM is a genetic disorder with a wide range of symptoms, including the catastrophic presentation of sudden cardiac death. Proper diagnosis and treatment of this disorder can relieve symptoms and prolong life. Non-invasive imaging is essential in diagnosing HCM. We present a review to deliberate the potential use of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in HCM assessment and also identify the risk factors entailed with risk stratification of HCM based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).

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