Substitution of starch for palm oil during gestation: impact on offspring survival and hepatic gene expression in the pig

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Almond ◽  
H. P. Fainberg ◽  
M. A. Lomax ◽  
P. Bikker ◽  
M. E. Symonds ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Piglet Mortality

Piglet neonatal mortality rates are high (~20%), so nutritional strategies to reduce this are highly desirable. Maternal fat substitution (FS) may promote the preweaning survival of piglets by improving their energy status. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of FS throughout pregnancy on offspring viability, together with the gene expression of stress-related markers in the liver. Sixteen pregnant sows were randomly allocated to one of two isocaloric diets, control (C) or FS in the form of palm oil, fed from 0 to 110 days gestation. Glucose tolerance was examined on Day 108. Median and low birthweight offspring were allocated to tissue sampling at either 7 days or 6 months postnatal age. In response to a glucose tolerance test, FS sows exhibited a raised glucose area under the curve with no change in basal glucose. Average piglet mortality (up to Day 28) was increased fourfold in the FS group, with surviving median-sized piglets exhibiting significantly lower fatty acid binding protein 1 (FABP1) expression at 7 days. There were no effects on the abundance of any other stress- or metabolic-related genes examined. Thus, this study demonstrates that maternal FS throughout gestation causes maternal glucose intolerance that may be linked to the observed increase in piglet mortality. However, the surviving offspring do not exhibit any detectable differences in postnatal growth or hepatic gene profile in later life.

scholarly journals Glucose area under the curve during oral glucose tolerance test as an index of glucose intolerance

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Sakaguchi ◽  
Kazuo Takeda ◽  
Mitsuo Maeda ◽  
Wataru Ogawa ◽  
Toshiyuki Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance

scholarly journals Influence of Cinnamon on Glycemic Control in Individuals With Prediabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio R Romeo ◽  
Junhee Lee ◽  
Christopher M Mulla ◽  
Youngmin Noh ◽  
Casey Holden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Favorable Safety

Abstract Context The identification of adjunct safe, durable, and cost-effective approaches to reduce the progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a clinically relevant, unmet goal. It is unknown whether cinnamon’s glucose-lowering properties can be leveraged in individuals with prediabetes. Objective The objective of this work is to investigate the effects of cinnamon on measures of glucose homeostasis in prediabetes. Design, Setting, Participants, and Intervention This double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial randomly assigned adult individuals meeting any criteria for prediabetes to receive cinnamon 500 mg or placebo thrice daily (n = 27/group). Participants were enrolled and followed at 2 academic centers for 12 weeks. Main Outcome Measures Primary outcome was the between-group difference in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) at 12 weeks from baseline. Secondary end points included the change in 2-hour PG of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and the change in the PG area under the curve (AUC) derived from the OGTT. Results From a similar baseline, FPG rose after 12 weeks with placebo but remained stable with cinnamon, leading to a mean between-group difference of 5 mg/dL (P < .05). When compared to the respective baseline, cinnamon, but not placebo, resulted in a significant decrease of the AUC PG (P < .001) and of the 2-hour PG of the OGTT (P < .05). There were no serious adverse events in either study group. Conclusions In individuals with prediabetes, 12 weeks of cinnamon supplementation improved FPG and glucose tolerance, with a favorable safety profile. Longer and larger studies should address cinnamon’s effects on the rate of progression from prediabetes to T2D.

scholarly journals Vitamin C decreases the obesogenic and hyperglycemic effect of invert sugar in prediabetic rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia MOLZ ◽  
Alana Nunes RAEL ◽  
Maiara de Queiroz FISCHER ◽  
Luana Beatriz LIMBERGER ◽  
Daniel PRÁ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Invert Sugar ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Fasting Glycemia ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate whether vitamin C can help to prevent obesity and hyperglycemia in Wistar rats treated with excess invert sugar to induce prediabetes. Methods: One hundred-day-old Male Wistar rats with a mean weight of 336.58±23.43g were randomly assigned to the following groups: (1) control, receiving water (C); (2) invert sugar control, receiving a 32% watery solution of invert sugar; (3) vitamin C control, receiving a watery solution of vitamin C (60mg/L), and (4) vitamin C plus invert sugar, receiving a watery solution of vitamin C and invert sugar. All animals had access to chow and water ad libitum and were treated for 17 weeks. Prediabetes was assessed according to two criteria: obesity (based on body mass indexand peritoneal fat content) and impaired glucose tolerance (assessed by the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and expressed as area under the curve) . Results: Group invert sugar control gained significantly more weight (p=0.035) and visceral fat (p<0.001) than groups vitamin C control and vitamin C plus invert sugar. Consequently, groups vitamin C control and vitamin C plus invert sugar had gained as little body mass index as group C by the end of the experiment. Vitamin C decreased the fasting glycemia of both groups supplemented with vitamin C and normalized the glucose tolerance of group vitamin C plus invert sugar, whose area under the curve matched that of group C. Conclusion: Vitamin C has anti-obesogenic and glycemia-lowering effects in Wistar rats, which might be promising to prediabetics. Future studies are needed to understand the anti-obesogenic and anti-hyperglycemic mechanisms of vitamin C in prediabetes.

scholarly journals Plasma Metabolomics to Identify and Stratify Patients With Impaired Glucose Tolerance

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 6357-6370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Wildberg ◽  
Annette Masuch ◽  
Kathrin Budde ◽  
Gabi Kastenmüller ◽  
Anna Artati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Model Combining ◽  
Branched Chain

Abstract Objective Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is one of the presymptomatic states of type 2 diabetes mellitus and requires an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diagnosis. Our aims were twofold: (i) characterize signatures of small molecules predicting the OGTT response and (ii) identify metabolic subgroups of participants with IGT. Methods Plasma samples from 827 participants of the Study of Health in Pomerania free of diabetes were measured using mass spectrometry and proton-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Linear regression analyses were used to screen for metabolites significantly associated with the OGTT response after 2 hours, adjusting for baseline glucose and insulin levels as well as important confounders. A signature predictive for IGT was established using regularized logistic regression. All cases with IGT (N = 159) were selected and subjected to unsupervised clustering using a k-means approach. Results and Conclusion In total, 99 metabolites and 22 lipoprotein measures were significantly associated with either 2-hour glucose or 2-hour insulin levels. Those comprised variations in baseline concentrations of branched-chain amino ketoacids, acylcarnitines, lysophospholipids, or phosphatidylcholines, largely confirming previous studies. By the use of these metabolites, subjects with IGT segregated into two distinct groups. Our IGT prediction model combining both clinical and metabolomics traits achieved an area under the curve of 0.84, slightly improving the prediction based on established clinical measures. The present metabolomics approach revealed molecular signatures associated directly to the response of the OGTT and to IGT in line with previous studies. However, clustering of subjects with IGT revealed distinct metabolic signatures of otherwise similar individuals, pointing toward the possibility of metabolomics for patient stratification.

scholarly journals Serum angiopoietin-like 3 levels are elevated in obese non diabetic men but are unaffected during an oral glucose tolerance test

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fernanda Garcés ◽  
Julieth Daniela Buell-Acosta ◽  
Haiver Antonio Rodríguez-Navarro ◽  
Estefania Pulido-Sánchez ◽  
Juan José Rincon-Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Matsuda Index ◽  
Obese Subjects

AbstractThis study aimed to determine ANGPTL3 serum levels in healthy young lean and obese non-diabetic men during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and correlate them with anthropometric, biochemical and hormonal parameters. A case–control study was carried out and 30 young obese non-diabetic (23.90 ± 3.84 years and BMI 37.92 ± 4.85 kg/m2) and 28 age-matched healthy lean (24.56 ± 3.50 years and BMI of 22.10 ± 1.72 kg/m2) men were included in this study. The primary outcome measures were serum basal ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL3–area under the curve (AUC) levels. The percentage of body fat was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and biochemical, hormonal and insulin resistance indices were determined. Basal ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL3–AUC levels were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in young obese subjects compared with lean subjects and were positively and significantly associated with different anthropometric measurements. Fasting ANGPTL3 serum levels were positively correlated with fasting insulin, leptin, Leptin/Adiponectin index and triglyceride—glucose index. Moreover, ANGPTL3–AUC was negatively correlated with Matsuda index. In this regard, chronically high ANGPTL3 levels in young obese subjects might favor triglyceride-rich lipoprotein clearance to replenish triglyceride stores by white adipose tissue rather than oxidative tissues.

Glucose Tolerance Is Improved After Low- and High-Intensity Exercise in Middle-Age Men and Women

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arend Bonen ◽  
Margaret Ball-Burnett ◽  
Caryl Russel
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Low Intensity Exercise

We compared the effects of low- and high-intensity exercise on oral glucose tolerance immediately and 24 hr after each exercise bout. Participants were 5 male and 5 female individuals (age 40-48). A fasted, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was conducted several days before the first exercise bout. Glucose and insulin concentrations were determined every 15 min throughout a 2 hr, 75 g OGTT. Immediately after low-intensity exercise, the incremental glucose area under the curve was reduced by 16%, compared to the fasting OGTT (p < .05). This was reduced further (−30%) 24 hr postexercise (p < .05). After high-intensity exercise, similar results were observed, with the incremental glucose area reduced by 14 and 35% immediately and 24 hr postexercise, respectively (p < .05). In conclusion, exercise improves glucose tolerance, this effect is more pronounced 24 hr postexercise, and low-and high-intensity exercise provide similar beneficial effects on glucose tolerance. Key words: cycle ergometry, insulin

scholarly journals Time-restricted feeding restored insulin-growth hormone balance and improved substrate and energy metabolism in MC4RKO obese mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihao Wang ◽  
Zhengxiang Huang ◽  
Lili Huang ◽  
Lyn Gao ◽  
Ling Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Dark Phase ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Gh Secretion

Abstract Background Dysregulation of metabolic regulatory hormones often occurs during the progress of obesity. Key regulatory hormone Insulin-GH balance has recently been proposed to maintain metabolism profiles. Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is an effective strategy against obesity without detailed research on pulsatile GH releasing patterns. Methods TRF was performed in an over-eating MC4RKO obese mouse model using normal food. Body weight and food intake were measured. Series of blood samples were collected for 6 h pulsatile GH profile, glucose tolerance test and insulin tolerance test at 5, 8, and 9 weeks of TRF, respectively. Indirect calorimetric recordings were performed by Phenomaster system at 6 weeks for 1 week and body composition was measured by Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Substrate and energy metabolism related gene expression were measured in terminal liver and subcutaneous white adipose tissues. Results TRF increased pulsatile GH secretion in dark phase and suppressed hyperinsulinemia in MC4RKO obese mice to reach a reduced insulin/GH ratio. This was accompanied by the improvement in insulin sensitivity, metabolic flexibility, glucose tolerance and decreased glucose fluctuation, together with appropriate modification of gene expression involved in substrate metabolism and adipose tissue browning. NMR measurement showed that TRF decreased fat mass but increased lean mass. Indirect calorimeter recording indicated that TRF decreased the respiratory exchange ratio (RER) reflecting consumption of more fatty acid in energy production in light phase and increased the oxygen consumption during activities in dark phase. Conclusions TRF effectively decreases hyperinsulinemia and restores pulsatile GH secretion in the overeating obese mice with significant improvement in substrate and energy metabolism and body composition without reducing total caloric intake.

scholarly journals Determining insulin sensitivity from glucose tolerance tests in Iberian and landrace pigs

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11014
Author(s):  
José Miguel Rodríguez-López ◽  
Manuel Lachica ◽  
Lucrecia González-Valero ◽  
Ignacio Fernández-Fígares
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Post Infusion

As insulin sensitivity may help to explain divergences in growth and body composition between native and modern breeds, metabolic responses to glucose infusion were measured using an intra-arterial glucose tolerance test (IAGTT). Iberian (n = 4) and Landrace (n = 5) barrows (47.0 ± 1.2 kg body weight (BW)), fitted with a permanent carotid artery catheter were injected with glucose (500 mg/kg BW) and blood samples collected at -10, 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 and 180 min following glucose infusion. Plasma samples were analysed for insulin, glucose, lactate, triglycerides, cholesterol, creatinine, albumin and urea. Insulin sensitivity indices were calculated and analysed. Mean plasma glucose, creatinine and cholesterol concentrations were lower (P < 0.01) in Iberian (14, 68 and 22%, respectively) than in Landrace pigs during the IAGTT. However, mean plasma insulin, lactate, triglycerides and urea concentrations were greater (P < 0.001) in Iberian (50, 35, 18 and 23%, respectively) than in Landrace pigs. Iberian pigs had larger area under the curve (AUC) of insulin (P < 0.05) or tended to a greater AUC of lactate (P < 0.10), and a smaller (P < 0.05) AUC for glucose 0-60 min compared with Landrace pigs. Indices for estimating insulin sensitivity in fasting conditions indicated improved β-cell function in Iberian compared with Landrace pigs, but no difference (P > 0.10) in calculated insulin sensitivity index was found after IAGTT between breeds. A time response (P < 0.05) was obtained for insulin, glucose and lactate so that maximum concentration was achieved at 10 and 15 min post-infusion for insulin (Iberian and Landrace pigs, respectively), immediately post-infusion for glucose, and 20 min post-infusion for lactate, decreasing thereafter until basal levels. There was no time effect for the rest of metabolites evaluated. In conclusion, growing Iberian pigs challenged with an IAGTT showed changes in biochemical parameters and insulin response that may indicate an early stage of insulin resistance.

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