Morphometric analysis of human embryos to predict developmental competence

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Ziebe
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Multiple Pregnancies ◽  
Laboratory Techniques ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Pregnancy Test ◽  
Basic Biology ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Infertile Patients

Morphometric and morphokinetic approaches toward embryo quality assessment have for many years been difficult due to technical limitations. Today, with improvements in laboratory techniques and subsequent quality, we have a better understanding of the morphometric and kinetics of embryo development. Fertility clinics are moving from “sensing” embryo quality to measuring embryo quality – and this is happening every day in fertility clinics all over the world. However, we cannot select for something that is not there. In daily clinical life it is almost never a question of selecting the optimal embryo, but rather choosing and prioritising between the available embryos. Data suggest that only approximately 5% of aspirated human oocytes have the competence to implant and develop into a child and that, in most treatment cycles, there is no oocyte capable of implanting. The most likely outcome is a negative pregnancy test, no matter what we choose in the laboratory. Still, both with the increasing complexity of infertile patients treated today and the important focus on reducing multiple pregnancies, it becomes increasingly important to improve our ability to predict the developmental competence of each embryo. This involves an improved understanding of the basic biology controlling early embryonic development and, over the years, many groups have tried to identify parameters reflecting embryonic competence.

scholarly journals Sweet Corn Research around the World 2015–2020

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 534
Author(s):  
Pedro Revilla ◽  
Calli M. Anibas ◽  
William F. Tracy
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Environmental Care ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Basic Biology ◽  
Endosperm Starch

Modern sweet corn is distinguished from other vegetable corns by the presence of one or more recessive alleles within the maize endosperm starch synthesis pathway. This results in reduced starch content and increased sugar concentration when consumed fresh. Fresh sweet corn originated in the USA and has since been introduced in countries around the World with increasing popularity as a favored vegetable choice. Several reviews have been published recently on endosperm genetics, breeding, and physiology that focus on the basic biology and uses in the US. However, new questions concerning sustainability, environmental care, and climate change, along with the introduction of sweet corn in other countries have produced a variety of new uses and research activities. This review is a summary of the sweet corn research published during the five years preceding 2021.

scholarly journals Influence of low vacuum levels on milking characteristics of sheep, goat and buffalo

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Caria ◽  
Carlo Boselli ◽  
Lelia Murgia ◽  
Remo Rosati ◽  
Antonio Pazzona
Keyword(s):  
High Vacuum ◽  
Vacuum Level ◽  
Machine Milking ◽  
The World ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Principal Factors ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Teat Canal ◽  
Different Parts

Different settings of the operating parameters (pulsator rate, pulsator ratio and vacuum) are used for milking dairy species in different parts of the world. The level of the operating vacuum in machine milking is one of the principal factors which influence the integrity of the tissues and the milk quality. High vacuum levels (>42 kPa) are often used to facilitate the opening of the teat canal by overcoming the biological closing forces whithin the teat sphincter, but can result in severe machine-induced teat tissue damage. In this study characteristics and performances of mechanical milking at low vacuum levels have been investigated in different dairy species. Milking times and milk productions have been obtained from milk emission curves, recorded by electronic milk-meters (LactoCorder®) during the milking at different vacuum levels of sheep, goats and buffaloes. The results of the comparative experiments clearly indicate that a low vacuum level modifies the kinetics of milk emission, the machine-on time and, thus, the throughput of milking system, in all the dairy species considered. Milk yield was satisfactory at any level tested, showing that low vacuums can be adequate to completely empty the udder. Slight differences were found across species concerning the increase in the milking time per head associated with low levels of milking vacuum Our study represents a contribution to encourage the decrease of the working vacuum during mechanical milking, also for those dairy species generally considered hard to be milked, as buffaloes. Milking should be performed applying the lowest vacuum level, compatible with not excessively prolonging milking time, in line with the animal welfare on dairy husbandry.

scholarly journals Right to life and possible interference in its implementation: Constitutional and legal aspect

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-457
Author(s):  
Marina L. Voronkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Aspect ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Right

Introduction. The problems of realizing the right to life are relevant to varying degrees in all countries of the world. Their importance can hardly be overestimated, since the preservation of a full-fledged family, society and the state as a whole depends on their solution. The article examines the problems associated with abortion, surrogacy, the development of biotechnology, death penalty, and analyzes the legislative experience of various states and Russia in these areas. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the problems arising in connection with the realization of the right to life and its possible restrictions. In the course of studying the problems, both general scientific and special legal methods were used: historical and dialectical methods, methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as the comparative legal method. Theoretical analysis. Russia (RSFSR) was the first country in the world to legislate in 1920 to allow abortion. According to the author, artificial termination of pregnancy solely at the request of a woman (without taking into account medical and social factors) causes irreparable harm to society, especially given the difficult demographic situation in modern Russia. In addition, this does not correspond to the guiding thesis of responsibility to future generations, enshrined in the preamble to the Constitution of the Russian Federation. In the context of realizing the right to life, each state faces a problem related to death penalty. Can a state, where the right to life is guaranteed, take the life of criminals? Apparently, each state should decide this issue based on the extent to which a particular crime poses a threat to society, a threat to life and health of people. Results. In our opinion, in countries with liberal legislation in relation to abortion, such as Russia, it is necessary to prohibit abortion at the request of a woman, since in this case the woman’s desire violates the right to life of an unborn child. The state should protect the right to life from the moment of conception, not birth, but this is a long process that should lead to an extensive interpretation of Part 2 of Art. 17 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. In addition, Russia needs to pay attention to the legislative experience of Germany and France in relation to surrogacy. In these countries, the legislator has clearly substantiated why surrogacy is in fact a crime against the family. In these countries, surrogacy is criminalized. Also, with the development of biotechnology all over the world, the problems of IVF and cryopreservation of human embryos are acute. This problem can also be solved at the level of legislation by allowing IVF only to married couples (man and woman) who cannot give birth to a child, and by limiting the number of fertilized eggs to a minimum, so that later the issue of destroying unclaimed embryos is not resolved. In general, it seems that in a mature society that wants to develop and tries to prevent the destruction of its state, it is necessary to protect the right to life by all possible legislative methods.

Molecular signatures of bovine embryo developmental competence

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hoelker ◽  
E. Held ◽  
D. Salilew-Wondim ◽  
K. Schellander ◽  
D. Tesfaye
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Molecular Signature ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Molecular Signatures ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Morphological Criteria ◽  
Developmental Capacity ◽  
New Strategies

Assessment of the developmental capacity of early bovine embryos is still an obstacle. Therefore, the present paper reviews all current knowledge with respect to morphological criteria and environmental factors that affect embryo quality. The molecular signature of an oocyte or embryo is considered to reflect its quality and to predict its subsequent developmental capacity. Therefore, the primary aim of the present review is to provide an overview of reported correlations between molecular signatures and developmental competence. A secondary aim of this paper is to present some new strategies to enable concomitant evaluation of the molecular signatures of specific embryos and individual developmental capacity.

scholarly journals Laboratory techniques for human embryos

2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selmo Geber ◽  
Liana Sales ◽  
Marcos AC Sampaio
Keyword(s):  
Human Embryos ◽  
Laboratory Techniques

Novel stable glutamine derivative achieved dramatic improvement of developmental competence of human embryos

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 ◽  
pp. S66-S67 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Hashimoto ◽  
T. Nishihara ◽  
Y. Murata ◽  
H. Oku ◽  
A. Fukuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Dramatic Improvement

scholarly journals Stem-cell research and regenerative medicine in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Stem Cell Research ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Associate Editor ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Director General ◽  
Chinese Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The World ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

Abstract For stem-cell researchers around the world, 2015 was a roller-coaster year. In April, Junjiu Huang, a biologist at the Sun Yat-sen University in Guangzhou, published the first paper on gene editing in human embryos with CRISPR-cas9. This sparked a global controversy—with many Western media using this as an example of China's lack of ethical standards. Subsequent discussions, which culminated in the summit in Washington, DC, last December, have eased the anxieties to some extent over this study and similar studies have now been proposed or approved in the UK and Sweden. Surprisingly, according to Nature magazine (the same magazine publishing some of the news reports on this study), Huang was one of the 10 scientists in the world that made a difference last year. In a forum chaired by National Science Review's Executive Associate Editor Mu-ming Poo, stem-cell researchers and a bioethicist discussed how they see last year's furore over gene editing, why China should streamline its oversight and regulatory processes, and where the future of the country's stem-cell research and regenerative medicine lies. Duanqing Pei Stem-cell researcher and Director General of Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in Guangzhou Xiaomei Zhai Bioethicist and Executive Director of the Centre for Bioethics, Peking Union Medical College, in Beijing Qi Zhou Stem-cell researcher at the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in Beijing Jianhong Zhu Neurosurgeon and neuroscientist at Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, in Shanghai Mu-ming Poo (Chair) Neuroscientist and Director of the Institute of Neuroscience, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in Shanghai

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