Impact of circulating concentrations of progesterone and antral age of the ovulatory follicle on fertility of high-producing lactating dairy cows

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 267 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Richard Pursley ◽  
Joäo Paulo N. Martins
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Management Issue ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Ovulatory Follicle ◽  
The World ◽  
Conception Rates

Dairy cow infertility negatively affects profit of dairy production enterprises around the world, and enhancing conception rates of dairy cows is a critical management issue to resolve. It appears that conception rates of dairy cows are attenuated due to reduced progesterone concentrations in circulation during growth of the ovulatory follicle. It is not clear how reduced progesterone influences fertility, but data presented in this brief review suggest that it can be somewhat reversed through increasing concentrations of progesterone during the growth of the ovulatory follicle before luteolysis. Ovsynch protocols may be utilised to enhance progesterone concentrations through the induction of an accessory corpus luteum (CL) following the initial gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) treatment. Cows at Day 13 of the oestrous cycle with a 7-day-old accessory CL had ~50% more progesterone at the time of prostaglandin injection of Ovsynch compared with cows with only a Day 13 CL. Ovsynch can consistently induce an accessory CL following the initial GnRH treatment if cows are on Days 6 or 7 of the oestrous cycle at the time of treatment. Pre-synchrony strategies are critical to enhance the probability that cows will be on Days 6 or 7 at first GnRH treatement of Ovsynch.

scholarly journals Period of dominance of the ovulatory follicle influences embryo quality in lactating dairy cows

Reproduction ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (5) ◽  
pp. 813-823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronaldo L A Cerri ◽  
Heloísa M Rutigliano ◽  
Ricardo C Chebel ◽  
José E P Santos
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Lower Proportion ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Ovulatory Follicle ◽  
Timed Artificial Insemination

Length of dominance of the ovulatory follicle and exposure to oestradiol (OE2) during proestrus can affect fertility. Lactating cows had their oestrous cycle pre-synchronized and were subjected to one of the four synchronization treatments. Cows in the oestrus detection (OD) treatment received GnRH on day 6 of the oestrous cycle, PGF2α7 days later, and were inseminated at detected oestrus. The remaining cows were subjected to the Ovsynch (OVS) protocol (day 0 GnRH, day 7 PGF2α, day 9 GnRH, and timed artificial insemination (AI) 12 h later) starting on day 3 (OVS3) or day 6 (OVS6 and OVS6E) of the oestrous cycle. Cows in the OVS6E treatment received an injection of 0.5 mg oestradiol cypionate 36 h before AI. Ovaries were examined by ultrasonography and blood was sampled for progesterone and OE2concentrations. Uteri were flushed 6 days after AI and recovered embryos–oocytes evaluated. Diameter of the ovulatory follicle at AI differed (P<0.01) among treatments, and it was the largest for OVS3 cows, which also had extended (P<0.01) length of follicular dominance. During proestrus, OD and OVS6E cows had increased (P<0.01) OE2concentrations. Fertilization was not altered by treatments, and maximum fertilization was achieved when the number of accessory spermatozoa was >7. Proportions of viable embryos in relation to embryos and embryos–oocytes recovered were smaller for OVS3 cows (P<0.01) than the other treatments, and embryos from OVS3 cows also had fewer (P<0.01) blastomeres and tended (P=0.09) to have a lower proportion of live blastomeres. Extending the period of follicle dominance did not alter fertilization but reduced (P<0.001) embryo quality. Embryo quality was compromised even when the dominance of the ovulatory follicle was extended by only 1.5 days.

Effects of presynchronization and postinsemination treatments on pregnancy rates to a timed breeding Ovsynch protocol in dairy cows and heifers

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
M B Gordon ◽  
N Dinn ◽  
R Rajamahendran
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Timed Artificial Insemination ◽  
To Receive

This study examined two strategies to improve pregnancy rate (PR) following Ovsynch timed artificial insemination (TAI) for lactating dairy cows (n = 225) and nulliparous heifers (n = 87). Animals were assigned randomly to receive one of three treatments: Ovsynch protocol (GnRH 7 d before and 48 h after one PGF2α treatment), Presynch + Ovsynch (two treatments of PGF2α 14 d apart followed by Ovsynch 14 d later), or Ovsynch + Post-AI GnRH (GnRH 6 d after Ovsynch TAI) for first service breeding. Pregnancy rates among treatments were not different in lactating cows (42.5, 48.0, and 44.9%) or heifers (65.5, 58.6, and 58.6%) for Ovsynch, Presynch + Ovsynch, and Ovsynch + Post-AI, respectively. Cows treated with Ovsynch had lower PR when bred < 76 d in milk (DIM) compared with Presynch + Ovsynch or Ovsynch + Post-AI treatments. In addition, cows and heifers that received Post-AI GnRH had greater progesterone (P4) concentrations on day 21 and day 28 post-TAI than the Ovsynch group. Animals with higher P4 concentrations at initiation of Ovsynch had better PR than those with low P4 concentrations. Presynch animals had a greater proportion of animals with P4 values above 1 ng mL-1 at the initiation of Ovsynch than those animals in the Ovsynch group (74.5 vs. 59.4%). Heifers had lower PR if they were <14.6 mo of age (48.9 vs. 75%) or weighed <380 kg (47.4 vs. 70.8%). Although no significance differences in PR were observed between treatments in cows or heifers, DIM in cows and age and weight in heifers affected PR.Key words: Ovsynch, presynchronization, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, dairy heifer, dairy cow, timed artificial insemination

The effect of asynchronous diets on the function of the rumen in the lactating dairy cow

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 19-19
Author(s):  
A.R. Henderson ◽  
P.C. Garnsworthy ◽  
J.R. Newbold ◽  
P.J. Buttery
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Nutrient Flows ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

Sinclair et al. (1993) found that a diet formulated to be synchronous with regard to hourly release of nitrogen and energy increased microbial protein synthesis by 14% in sheep. Dairy cows in early lactation experience a shortfall of energy and protein, with available protein determining the overall efficiency of metabolism (MacRae and Lobley, 1986) and subsequent milk production. It is therefore necessary to maximise microbial protein yield during this period. In this study diets were designed for lactating dairy cows to contain the same feed ingredients, but to release nitrogen and energy in the rumen at different times. Rumen fermentation parameters, nutrient flows to the small intestine and production performance were investigated.

Effects of Beta-carotene Administration on Fertility in Lactating Dairy Cows

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebru Karakaya Bilen ◽  
Gülnaz Yılmazbaş Mecitoglu
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Prostaglandin F2 Alpha ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Follicle Diameter ◽  
Ovulatory Follicle ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Β Carotene

Background: Beta-(β-) carotene, is the precursor to vitamin A, in particular, has some potential benefits on reproduction. The main objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of β-carotene administration on fertility following either prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF) induced estrus or Ovsynch protocol in lactating dairy cows.Methods: Cows with at 47±3 postpartum days were divided into two groups: β-carotene group (βC, n=139) was treated with injectable β-carotene while untreated cows served as control (CON, n=227). In both groups, PGF was administered and heatmount detectors were applied at 54±3 days postpartum. Cows detected in estrus after PGF were inseminated. Cows that had not been detected in estrus were divided into two groups 7 days after PGF administration; βC-OVS (n=137) and CON-OVS (n=89). Ovsynch protocol was initiated 4 days after β-carotene administration.Result: The estrus detection rate was similar between the βC and CON groups (P = 0.19). Pregnancy per AI (P/AI) on d 31 was also similar between groups (P = 0.93). In the Ovsynch protocol, ovulation to the first GnRH and ovulatory follicle diameter at the time of insemination did not differ between groups. No difference was observed in P/AI at d 31 (P = 0.13). The results of this study indicated that β-carotene administration had no effect on fertility either PGF induced estrus or Ovsynch protocol in dairy cows. 

330 Effect of inducing high or low progesterone concentrations during ovulatory follicle development on double ovulation and fertility of lactating dairy cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (suppl_2) ◽  
pp. 155-155
Author(s):  
J. P. N. Martins ◽  
D. Wang ◽  
N. Mu ◽  
A. P. Martini ◽  
G. F. Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Follicle Development ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Ovulatory Follicle

Replacement of soyabean meal by barley or wheat distillers grains for lactating dairy cows

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 108-108
Author(s):  
J.D. Sutton ◽  
D.J. Humphries ◽  
R H Phipps ◽  
M. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Present Experiment ◽  
Distillers Grains ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Soyabean Meal

The complete replacement of soyabean meal by maize distillers grains (MDG) in dairy cow diets had no significant effects on milk production, rumen digestion or the supply of non-ammonia N to the duodenum (Sutton et al., 2000; Phipps et al., 2001). The present experiment was designed to extend this work by examining the response when barley (BDG) or wheat (WDG) distillers grains replaced soyabean meal.

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