Embryo transfer in the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius) using non-ovulated and ovulated, asynchronous progesterone-treated recipients

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 438 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Skidmore ◽  
M. Billah
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Camelus Dromedarius ◽  
Dromedary Camel ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Progesterone Treatment ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Exogenous Progesterone ◽  
To Receive

The aim of the present study was to investigate the use of exogenous progesterone and equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) in non-ovulated and ovulated, asynchronous dromedary camel recipients being prepared for an embryo transfer programme. The uteri of 12 mated donor camels were flushed non-surgically 7 days after ovulation and 42 embryos were recovered. In Experiment 1, 16 embryos were transferred non-surgically to recipients on Day 3 or 4 after ovulation (ov+3 and ov+4, respectively). Each recipient received a daily dose of 75 mg, i.m., progesterone-in-oil from 2 days before embryo transfer until 6 days after ovulation. Thereafter, the progesterone dose was reduced to 50 mg on Day 7 and finally to 25 mg day–1 on Days 8 and 9. Nine of 16 recipients (56%; ov+3, n = 4; ov+4, n = 5) became pregnant compared with none of eight non-progesterone treated controls, into which embryos were transferred on Day 4 after ovulation. In Experiment 2, 18 non-ovulated recipients received 75 mg, i.m., progesterone-in-oil daily from 3 days before until 12 days after non-surgical transfer of a Day 7 blastocyst, at which time pregnancy was diagnosed by ultrasonography. All pregnant recipients continued to receive 75 mg progesterone-in-oil daily for a further 6 days, when each camel received 2000 IU, i.m., eCG. Progesterone treatment was then reduced to 50 mg day–1 and, when a follicle(s) ≥1.3 cm in diameter were present in the ovaries, each animal received 20 μg buserelin to induce ovulation. Once the corpora lutea had developed, progesterone treatment was reduced to 25 mg day–1 for a final 3 days. Fourteen of 18 recipients (78%) became pregnant and seven of these (50%) remained pregnant after eCG treatment. Of the seven pregnancies that were lost, two were lost before eCG treatment, two did not respond to eCG treatment and three responded to eCG treatment and ovulated, but lost their pregnancies 6–8 days after the last progesterone injection.

Effects of progesterone on expression of messenger RNA encoding oxytocin-neurophysin, oxytocin receptor and prostaglandin G/H synthase-1 and -2 during the early oestrous cycle in the ovine corpus luteum

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 435 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Y. Al-Matubsi ◽  
S. Frazer ◽  
R. J. Fairclough ◽  
G. Jenkin
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Cdna Probe ◽  
Oxytocin Receptor ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Receptor Mrna ◽  
Progesterone Treatment ◽  
To Receive

This study was conducted to determine whether early progesterone treatment plays a role in the regulation of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression for oxytocin–neurophysin, oxytocin receptor, prostaglandin G/H synthase (PGHS)-1 and PGHS-2 in the ovine corpus luteum. The expression of ovarian oxytocin, oxytocin receptor, PGHS-1 and PGHS-2 mRNA was investigated in control, progesterone- or RU486-treated ewes. Fifteen ewes were randomly assigned to three groups to receive intramuscular injections of progesterone (12.5 mg; n = 5), RU486, (2.5 mg kg–1 bodyweight; n = 4) or corn oil (1 mL; n =6) twice daily from Day 1 to Day 3 post oestrus. On the morning of Day 4 post oestrus, the corpora lutea were collected and analysed for oxytocin–neurophysin mRNA by Northern blot using a labelled cDNA probe, and for the expressions of the oxytocin receptor, PGHS-1 and PGHS-2 mRNA using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Administration of progesterone or suppression of progesterone activity with RU486 did not affect expression of oxytocin–neurophysin mRNA (P>0.05). Pretreatment of the ewes with progesterone resulted in the enhancement of luteal oxytocin receptor mRNA expression and suppression of PGHS-1 and PGHS-2 mRNA (P<0.001). These results indicate that early progesterone treatment does not control the expression of oxytocin–neurophysin mRNA in the ovine ovary but may be involved in the regulation of ovarian oxytocin receptor and PGHS expression. It is proposed, on the basis of these results, that progesterone may play a role in premature corpus luteum regression through an intra-ovarian mechanism involving the induction of ovarian oxytocin receptor mRNA expression.

STIMULATION BY HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN OF OESTRADIOL PRODUCTION BY DISPERSED CELLS FROM HUMAN CORPUS LUTEUM: COMPARISON WITH PROGESTERONE PRODUCTION; UTILIZATION OF EXOGENOUS TESTOSTERONE

1981 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. RICHARDSON ◽  
G. M. MASSON
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Cell Suspensions ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Progesterone Production ◽  
Late Luteal Phase ◽  
Oestradiol Production ◽  
Dispersed Cells

Cell suspensions were prepared from tissue samples of human corpora lutea obtained during the mid- and late-luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Both oestradiol and progesterone production by dispersed cells were stimulated by similar concentrations of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). As the degree of stimulation of production by hCG was greater for progesterone than for oestradiol (five- to tenfold compared with two- to threefold higher than basal production), the ratio of progesterone to oestradiol produced varied according to the level of trophic stimulation. A comparison of cell suspensions prepared from mid- and late-luteal phase corpora lutea, exposed to the same concentration of hCG (10 i.u./ml) in vitro, did not reveal a shift to oestradiol production in the late-luteal phase. Provision of additional testosterone during incubation raised the level of oestradiol production by dispersed luteal cells. At an optimum concentration of testosterone (1 μmol/l), oestradiol synthesis was not raised further in the presence of hCG or N6, O2-dibutyryl cyclic AMP, suggesting a lack of induction or activation of the aromatase system by gonadotrophin in short-term cultures. Basal and stimulated levels of progesterone production were not significantly impaired in the presence of testosterone.

scholarly journals Detailed Anatomy of the Cranial Cervical Ganglion in the Dromedary Camel (Camelus dromedarius)

2015 ◽  
Vol 298 (8) ◽  
pp. 1479-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamal Nourinezhad ◽  
Yazdan Mazaheri ◽  
Zahra Biglari
Keyword(s):  
Camelus Dromedarius ◽  
Dromedary Camel ◽  
Cervical Ganglion ◽  
Cranial Cervical Ganglion

The use of heterologous radioimmunoassays for the measurement of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone concentrations in horse and donkey serum

1983 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Urwin
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Cross Reaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Baseline Levels

Heterologous double-antibody radioimmunoassays were developed for the measurement of FSH and LH concentrations in the serum of both horses and donkeys. The FSH assay employed a rabbit anti-ovine FSH serum which showed a complete lack of cross-reaction with equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) and negligible cross-reaction with equine LH. The LH assay utilized an antiserum raised against highly purified eCG. This similarly showed negligible cross-reaction with equine FSH but its high cross-reactivity with eCG prevented the measurement of equine LH concentrations in serum when eCG was also present. In both assays serial dilutions of horse and donkey serum were parallel to the standard. The assays were used to monitor changes in serum concentrations of FSH and LH during the first 100 days of pregnancy in pony mares and jenny donkeys. In both species during pregnancy LH levels reached a peak 1–2 days after ovulation. They then decreased rapidly to baseline levels where they remained until days 35–40 when the commencement of eCG production prevented their further measurement. Serum FSH concentrations, on the other hand, continued to fluctuate markedly throughout the first 100 days of pregnancy in both the ponies and donkeys. Pronounced surges in FSH levels occurred at regular intervals in some animals but the pattern of release was quite irregular in the others. The results of this study support the concept that it is continued pituitary FSH release, not eCG secretion, which is responsible for stimulating the secondary follicles which develop during early equine pregnancy. However, it appears likely that it is the LH-like activity of eCG which causes the subsequent ovulation and/or luteinization of these secondary follicles to produce accessory corpora lutea.

The effects of exogenous progesterone supplementation in late pregnancy on gestation length and colostrum yield in ewes

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 65-65
Author(s):  
T.F. Crosby ◽  
P.J. Quinn ◽  
A. P. O'Donnell ◽  
P. Nowakowski ◽  
J.V. O'Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Progesterone Supplementation ◽  
Exogenous Progesterone ◽  
Term Labour ◽  
Negative Linear Relationship

The importance of falling progesterone (P4) concentrations in the initiation of parturition and the onset of lactogenesis in many species has long been recognised (Thorburn, et al., 1972). O'Doherty and Crosby (1996) reported a negative linear relationship between P4 concentration at 1 hour post lambing and colostrum yield at 1 h and total yield at 18 h. The administration of progesterone failed to delay parturition when given at a daily dose of 80 mg for a week but larger doses of progesterone (160 mg/day) blocked term labour in most sheep (Bengtsson and Schofield, 1963). The objective of this experiment was to examine the effects of exogenous progesterone administration to ewes in late pregnancy on ewe serum progesterone concentrations, gestation length and colostrum yield and quality.

Prospective Clinical Trial on the Efficacy of Amoxycillin Administered Twice or Four Times Daily in Children with Respiratory Tract Infections

1981 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
F D Daschner ◽  
U Behre ◽  
A Dalhoff
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Duration Of Therapy ◽  
Daily Dose ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
To Receive

Thirty-four children with upper or lower respiratory tract infections were randomly allocated to receive either a twice daily or four times daily dose of 50 mg amoxycillin/kg body-weight/day. Mean duration of therapy was identical in both groups. Peak and trough antibiotic concentrations were determined. Eradication of bacteria, clinical improvement and side-effects were comparable in both groups.

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