Nuclear transfer and oocyte cryopreservation

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Chien Chang ◽  
Li-Ying Sung ◽  
Tomokazu Amano ◽  
X. Cindy Tian ◽  
Xiangzhong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Oocyte Cryopreservation ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Therapeutic Cloning ◽  
Human Oocytes

Somatic cells can be reprogrammed to a totipotent state through nuclear transfer or cloning, because it has been demonstrated that the oocyte has the ability to reprogramme an adult nucleus into an embryonic state that can initiate the development of a new organism. Therapeutic cloning, whereby nuclear transfer is used to derive patient-specific embryonic stem cells, embraces an entire new opportunity for regenerative medicine. However, a key obstacle for human therapeutic cloning is that the source of fresh human oocytes is extremely limited. In the present review, we propose prospective sources of human oocytes by using oocyte cryopreservation, such as an oocyte bank and immature oocytes. We also address some potential issues associated with nuclear transfer when using cryopreserved oocytes. In the future, if the efficacy and efficiency of cryopreserved oocytes are comparable to those of fresh oocytes in human therapeutic cloning, the use of cryopreserved oocytes would be invaluable and generate a great impact to regenerative medicine.

scholarly journals Human therapeutic cloning, pitfalls and lack luster because of rapid developments in induced pluripotent stem cell technology

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
Song Hua ◽  
Henry Chung ◽  
Kuldip Sidhu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Therapeutic Cloning ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

AbstractBackground: Therapeutic cloning is the combination of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and embryonic stem cell (ES) techniques to create specific ES cells that match those of a patient. Because ES cells derived by nuclear transfer (SCNT ES cells) are genetically identical to the donor, it will not generate rejection by the host’s immune system and thus therapeutically may be more acceptable. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) are a type of pluripotent stem cell artificially derived from an adult somatic cell by inducing a forced expression of a set of specific pluripotent genes. In the past few years, rapid progress in reprogramming and iPS technology has been made, and it seems to shadow any progress made in SCNT programs.Objective: This review compares the application perspective of SCNT with that of iPS in regenerative medicine.Methods:We conducted a literature search using the MEDLINE (PubMed), Wiley InterScience, Springer, EBSCO, and Annual Reviews databases using the keywords “iPS”, “ES”, “SCNT” “induced pluripotent stem cells”, “embryonic stem cells”, “therapeutic cloning”, “regenerative medicine”, and “somatic cell nuclear transfer”. Only articles published in English were included in this review.Results: These two methods both have advantages and disadvantages. Nevertheless, by using SCNT to generate patient-specific cell lines, it eliminates complications by avoiding the use of viral vectors during iPS generation. Success in in vitro matured eggs from aged women and even differentiation of oocytes from germ stem cells will further enhance the application of SCNT in regenerative medicine.Conclusion: Human SCNT may be an appropriate mean of generating patient stem cell lines for clinical therapy in the near future.

294 PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PUTATIVE NUCLEAR TRANSFER EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS DERIVED FROM HANDMADE CLONED EMBRYOS USING EMBRYONIC STEM CELLS, LYMPHOCYTES, AND ADULT FIBROBLAST CELLS AS DONOR CELLS IN GOAT

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
R. Dutta ◽  
D. Malakar ◽  
K. Khate ◽  
J. Akshay
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Es Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Donor Cell ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Fibroblast Cells ◽  
Donor Cells ◽  
Adult Fibroblasts

The handmade cloning technique has been a relatively recent addition in the field of nuclear transfer. In the present study, attempts were made to efficiently derive stem cells from handmade cloned (HMC) embryos in goat using adult fibroblast cells, embryonic stem (ES) cells, and lymphocytes as donor cells, and to characterise the derived putative nuclear transfer ES (ntES) cells for their stemness. Efficiency of the donor cells for nuclear transfer was also compared, and an overall cleavage and morula formation rates of 62.44 ± 3.9% and 35.30 ± 3.86%, 75.45 ± 3.92% and 45.84 ± 3.86%, and 56.38 ± 3.92% and 29.09 ± 3.86% were obtained from adult fibroblasts, ES cells, and lymphocytes, respectively. A significant difference was found between ES cells and the other 2 donor cells in terms of cleavage and morula formation. However, no such difference existed between fibroblasts and lymphocyte donor cells. Stem cell colonies were successfully derived from HMC embryos obtained from all 3 different donor cells. The rate of primary colony formation was 61.66 ± 4.62% for fibroblast-donor-cell-derived embryos. This rate was 59.91 ± 4.62% for ES-donor-cell-derived embryos and 62.49 ± 4.62% for lymphocyte-donor-cell-derived embryos. The putative ntES colonies were positively characterised for TRA-1-60, TRA-1-81, SSEA-1, SSEA-4, OCT-4, SOX-2, and Nanog by immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR. Results indicated that ES cells had better efficiency as donor cells in cloned embryo production than did adult fibroblasts and lymphocytes. The finding also suggested that terminally differentiated cell-like lymphocytes can also be reprogrammed. Moreover, there was no difference between the different donor-cell-derived HMC embryos in terms of ntES cell derivation. The study has established an efficient protocol for putative ntES cell derivation from HMC embryos. This could be of substantial significance because patient-specific ntES cells have proven therapeutic significance. The authors acknowledge N.D.R.I for the financial and infrastructural assistance.

Toward realization of the promise of regenerative medicine

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Wakao
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
T Cell Receptor ◽  
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Receptor ◽  
Nkt Cells

AbstractSomatic cell nuclear transfer allows the generation of cloned embryonic stem cells (ESC) and cloned mice from natural killer T (NKT) cells, an innate-type invariant T cell. The progeny of these cloned mice harboring a rearranged T cell receptor α loci specific for NKT cells,

scholarly journals Stem cell therapies and benefaction of somatic cell nuclear transfer cloning in COVID-19 era

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Birbal Singh ◽  
Gorakh Mal ◽  
Vinod Verma ◽  
Ruchi Tiwari ◽  
Muhammad Imran Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Drug Testing ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background The global health emergency of COVID-19 has necessitated the development of multiple therapeutic modalities including vaccinations, antivirals, anti-inflammatory, and cytoimmunotherapies, etc. COVID-19 patients suffer from damage to various organs and vascular structures, so they present multiple health crises. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are of interest to treat acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Main body Stem cell-based therapies have been verified for prospective benefits in copious preclinical and clinical studies. MSCs confer potential benefits to develop various cell types and organoids for studying virus-human interaction, drug testing, regenerative medicine, and immunomodulatory effects in COVID-19 patients. Apart from paving the ways to augment stem cell research and therapies, somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) holds unique ability for a wide range of health applications such as patient-specific or isogenic cells for regenerative medicine and breeding transgenic animals for biomedical applications. Being a potent cell genome-reprogramming tool, the SCNT has increased prominence of recombinant therapeutics and cellular medicine in the current era of COVID-19. As SCNT is used to generate patient-specific stem cells, it avoids dependence on embryos to obtain stem cells. Conclusions The nuclear transfer cloning, being an ideal tool to generate cloned embryos, and the embryonic stem cells will boost drug testing and cellular medicine in COVID-19.

Regenerative Medicine: Applications and Development in Urology

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-205
Author(s):  
F. Pinto ◽  
A. Calarco ◽  
A. Brescia ◽  
E. Sacco ◽  
A. D'addessi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Human Embryos ◽  
Engineering Applications

Purpose Congenital abnormalities and acquired disorders can lead to organ damage and loss. Nowadays, transplantation represents the only effective treatment option. However, there is a marked decrease in the number of organ donors, which is even yearly worsening due to the population aging. The regenerative medicine represents a realistic option that allows to restore and maintain the normal functions of tissues and organs. This article reviews the principles of regenerative medicine and the recent advances with regard to its application to the genitourinary tract. Recent findings The field of regenerative medicine involves different areas of technology, such as tissue engineering, stem cells and cloning. Tissue engineering involves the field of cell transplantation, materials science and engineering in order to create functional replacement tissues. Stem cells and cloning permit the extraction of pluripotent, embryonic stem cells offering a potentially limitless source of cells for tissue engineering applications. Most current strategies for tissue engineering depend upon a sample of autologous cells from the patient's diseased organ. Biopsies from patients with extensive end-stage organ failure, however, may not yield enough normal cells. In these situations, stem cells are envisaged as being an alternative source. Stem cells can be derived from discarded human embryos (human embryonic stem cells), from fetal tissue or from adult sources (bone marrow, fat, skin). Therapeutic cloning offers a potentially limitless source of cells for tissue engineering applications. Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering scientists have increasingly applied the principles of cell transplantation, materials science and bioengineering to construct biological substitutes that will restore and maintain normal function in urological diseased and injured tissues such as kidney, ureter, bladder, urethra and penis. Conclusions Regenerative medicine offers several applications in acquired and congenital genitourinary diseases. Tissue engineering, stem cells and, mostly, cloning have been applied in experimental studies with excellent results. Few preliminary human applications have been developed with promising results.

A Novel Method for Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer to Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danièle Pralong ◽  
Krzysztof Mrozik ◽  
Filomena Occhiodoro ◽  
Nishanthi Wijesundara ◽  
Huseyin Sumer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Nuclear Transfer ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Novel Method
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