Effect of oestradiol and progesterone on the instant and directional velocity of microsphere movements in the rat oviduct: gap junctions mediate the kinetic effect of oestradiol

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 634 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Ríos ◽  
Marcela Hermoso ◽  
Trinidad M. Sánchez ◽  
Horacio B. Croxatto ◽  
Manuel J. Villalón
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Connexin 43 ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Kinetic Effect ◽  
Egg Transport ◽  
Opposing Effects ◽  
Cx 43

The oviducal transport of eggs to the uterus normally takes 72–96 h in the rat, but this is reduced to less than 20 h after a single injection of oestradiol (E2). This accelerated transport is associated with an increased frequency of pendular movements in the isthmic segment of the oviduct, with increased levels of the gap junction (GJ) component Connexin (Cx) 43, and is antagonised by progesterone (P). In the present study, we investigated the effect of these hormones on the instant and directional velocity of pendular movements and the role of the GJ and its Cx43 component in the kinetic response of the oviduct to E2 and P. Using microspheres as egg surrogates, microsphere instant velocity (MIV) was measured following treatment with E2, P or P + E2, which accelerate or delay egg transport. Microspheres were delivered into the oviduct of rats on Day 1 of pregnancy and their movement within the isthmic segment was recorded. Oestrogen increased MIV with faster movement towards the uterus. After P or P + E2, MIV was similar to that in the control group. Two GJ uncouplers, namely 18α- and 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, blocked the effect of E2 on MIV. Connexin 43 mRNA levels increased over that seen in control with all treatments. In conclusion, the effects of E2 on MIV resulted in faster movements that produced accelerated egg transport towards the uterus. Gap junctions are probably involved as smooth muscle synchronisers in this kinetic effect of E2, but the opposing effects of E2 and P are not exerted at the level of Cx43 transcription.

Role of FSH and triiodothyronine in Sertoli cell development expressed by formation of connexin 43-based gap junctions

2011 ◽  
Vol 315A (6) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Marchlewska ◽  
Krzysztof Kula ◽  
Renata Walczak-Jedrzejowska ◽  
Elzbieta Oszukowska ◽  
Eliza Filipiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Sertoli Cell ◽  
Connexin 43 ◽  
Cell Development

scholarly journals Opposing effects of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor SCL on erythroid and monocytic differentiation

Blood ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Hoang ◽  
E Paradis ◽  
G Brady ◽  
F Billia ◽  
K Nakahara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Hematopoietic Cells ◽  
Erythroid Differentiation ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Monocytic Differentiation ◽  
Basic Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Helix Loop Helix ◽  
Opposing Effects

Abstract The SCL gene (also called Tal-1 or TCL5) was identified because of its association with chromosomal translocations in childhood T-cell lymphoid leukemias. SCL codes for a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) factor that can function as a transcriptional activator or repressor. In the adult, SCL expression is restricted to hematopoietic cells and tissues, but its function in the process of lineage commitment is unknown. The present study was designed to address the role of SCL in hematopoietic cell differentiation. SCL expression was determined in primary hematopoietic cells through the screening of cDNA samples obtained by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from single cells at different stages of differentiation. SCL RNA expression was highest in bipotential and committed erythroid precursors and diminished with subsequent maturation to proerythroblasts and normoblasts. In contrast, SCL mRNA was low to undetectable in precursors of granulocytes and monocytes and their maturing progeny. The same pattern of expression was observed after erythroid or monocytic differentiation of a bipotent cell line, TF-1, in that SCL mRNA levels remained elevated during erythroid differentiation and were downregulated with monocytic differentiation. Accordingly, TF-1 was chosen as a model to investigate the functional significance of this divergent pattern of SCL expression in the two lineages. Four independent clones stably transfected with an SCL expression vector exhibited enhanced spontaneous and delta-aminolevulinic acid-induced erythroid differentiation as measured by glycophorin expression and hemoglobinization, consistent with the view that SCL is a positive regulator of erythroid differentiation. Furthermore, constitutive SCL expression interfered with monocytic differentiation, as assessed by the generation of adherent cells and the expression of Fc gamma RII in response to TPA. These results suggest that the downregulation of SCL may be required for monocytic differentiation.

scholarly journals Microsatellite Instability and MMR Genes Abnormalities in Canine Mammary Gland Tumors

Diagnostics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faiz Muhammad Khand ◽  
Da-Wei Yao ◽  
Pan Hao ◽  
Xin-Qi Wu ◽  
Asghar Ali Kamboh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Microsatellite Instability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Mmr Genes ◽  
Mammary Gland Tumors ◽  
Canine Mammary Gland

Early diagnosis of mammary gland tumors is a challenging task in animals, especially in unspayed dogs. Hence, this study investigated the role of microsatellite instability (MSI), MMR gene mRNA transcript levels and SNPs of MMR genes in canine mammary gland tumors (CMT). A total of 77 microsatellite (MS) markers in 23 primary CMT were selected from four breeds of dogs. The results revealed that 11 out of 77 MS markers were unstable and showed MSI in all the tumors (at least at one locus), while the other markers were stable. Compared to the other markers, the ABC9TETRA, MEPIA, 9A5, SCNA11 and FJL25 markers showed higher frequencies of instability. All CMT demonstrated MSI, with eight tumors presenting MSI-H. The RT-qPCR results revealed significant upregulation of the mRNA levels of cMSH3, cMLH1, and cPMSI, but downregulation of cMSH2 compared to the levels in the control group. Moreover, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were observed in the cMSH2 gene in four exons, i.e., 2, 6, 15, and 16. In conclusion, MSI, overexpression of MMR genes and SNPs in the MMR gene are associated with CMT and could be served as diagnostic biomarkers for CMT in the future.

Role of connexin 43 in vascular hyperpermeability and relationship to Rock1-MLC20 pathway in septic rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (11) ◽  
pp. L1323-L1332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Guang-ming Yang ◽  
Yu Zhu ◽  
Xiao-yong Peng ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Permeability ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Connexin 43 ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Pulmonary Veins ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Cx 43

Connexin (Cx)43 has been shown to participate in several cardiovascular diseases. Increased vascular permeability is a common and severe complication in sepsis or septic shock. Whether or not Cx43 takes part in the regulation of vascular permeability in severe sepsis is not known, and the underlying mechanism has not been described. With cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis in rats and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated vascular endothelial cells (VECs) from pulmonary veins, the role of Cx43 in increased vascular permeability and its relationship to the RhoA/Rock1 pathway were studied. It was shown that vascular permeability in the lungs, kidneys, and mesentery in sepsis rats and LPS-stimulated monolayer pulmonary vein VECs was significantly increased and positively correlated with the increased expression of Cx43 and Rock1 in these organs and cultured pulmonary vein VECs. The connexin inhibitor carbenoxolone (10 mg/kg iv) and the Rock1 inhibitor Y-27632 (2 mg/kg iv) alleviated the vascular leakage of lung, mesentery, and kidney in sepsis rats. Overexpressed Cx43 increased the phosphorylation of 20-kDa myosin light chain (MLC20) and the expression of Rock1 and increased the vascular permeability and decreased the transendothelial electrical resistance of pulmonary vein VECs. Cx43 RNA interference decreased the phosphorylation of MLC20 and the expression of Rock1 and decreased LPS-stimulated hyperpermeability of cultured pulmonary vein VECs. The Rock1 inhibitor Y-27632 alleviated LPS- and overexpressed Cx43-induced hyperpermeability of monolayer pulmonary vein VECs. This report shows that Cx43 participates in the regulation of vascular permeability in sepsis and that the mechanism is related to the Rock1-MLC20 phosphorylation pathway.

scholarly journals Expression and Potential Role of MMP-9 in Intrauterine Adhesion

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Congqing Li ◽  
Wenyan Wang ◽  
Shiying Sun ◽  
Youjiang Xu ◽  
Ziang Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sham Group ◽  
Endometrial Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Intrauterine Adhesions ◽  
Ctrl Group ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Intrauterine Adhesion ◽  
Tissue Specimens

Objective. Intrauterine adhesions affect menstruation and fertility, and endometrial fibrosis is the final manifestation of IUA. MMP-9 is closely related to fibrosis. The purpose of the study was to assess the role of MMP-9 in intrauterine adhesion (IUA) in rats and patients. Methods. 40 rats and 24 women were enrolled in this study. 40 rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: IUA group ( n = 20 ), sham group ( n = 10 ), and control group ( n = 10 ). Rat IUA models were established by intrauterine mechanical and chemical injured. In this study, 12 patients of intrauterine adhesions were detected and underwent TCRA (transcervical resection of adhesion) surgery, and endometrial tissue specimens were obtained during operation. One month later, an office hysteroscopy procedure was performed, and endometrial tissue specimens were obtained during operation again (postoperative group). A group of 12 normal age-matched control individuals served as controls underwent hysteroscopy and endometrial sampling. We used immunohistochemistry to detect MMP-9 expressions in rats and human endometrial tissues and to detect MMP-9 protein levels by Western blotting. In addition, we detected mRNA expression levels with qRT-PCR. Results. The expression of MMP-9 in the IUA rats was reduced compared with that in the sham group and Ctrl group ( P < 0.05 ), and the expression of MMP-9 was also reduced in the IUA patients compared with that in the Ctrl group ( P < 0.05 ). The mRNA levels of MMP-9 in the endometrium reflected similar results ( P < 0.05 ). The MMP-9 clearly increased even in the endometrium after TCRA surgery ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. Our study suggests that MMP-9 may play an important role in IUA. In the future, more in-depth research should be conducted on MMP-9.

CONDITIONAL KNOCKOUT OF CONNEXIN 43 IN MOUSE UTERUS UNCOVERS AN ESSENTIAL ROLE OF GAP JUNCTIONS DURING PREGNANCY

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (Suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 205-205
Author(s):  
Mary Laws ◽  
Francesco DeMayo ◽  
John Lydon ◽  
Milan Bagchi ◽  
Indrani Bagchi
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Connexin 43 ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Conditional Knockout ◽  
Mouse Uterus

scholarly journals SPARC Levels Modulate the Capacity of Mitomycin to Inhibit the Proliferation of Human Tenon’s Capsule Fibroblasts

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Guo ◽  
Shouxiang Ni ◽  
Weiyan Zhou ◽  
Jiangping Hou ◽  
Jiaquan Shen
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Collagen Gel ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Antifibrotic Effect ◽  
Cell Densities

Purpose. To evaluate the role of SPARC in the antiproliferation effect of MMC on human Tenon’s fibroblasts (HTF). Method. Sixteen PACG patients aged 59 ± 10 years (31–72 years), including 6 males and 10 females, were recruited. Tenon tissue was harvested during filtering surgery. Cell density was evaluated after MMC application with different concentrations and application times, by which the optimized MMC application modality was determined. MMC, si-SPARC, or SPARC protein was used when needed to evaluate the cell densities under different conditions, by which the role of SPARC in MMC-mediated antifibrotic process was identified. Results. Considering that the cell densities, as well as SPARC expression on mRNA and protein levels, are relatively stable when the MMC concentration is higher than 0.02% and exposure time longer than 90 s, we chose the MMC application pattern with 0.02% and 90 s as an optimized pattern for the downstream work. Compared to control, the si-SPARC and MMC downregulated the SPARC protein by 91% (P<0.01) and 65% (P<0.01) and mRNA by 96% (P<0.01) and 64% (P<0.01), respectively. MMC decreases the cell densities by 53.50% compared to control. si-SPARC + MMC dramatically deceased the cell density no matter compared to the control group (P<0.01) or MMC group (P<0.01); correspondingly, the relative collagen gel area in the MMC + si-SPARC group was higher than that in the MMC group or si-SPARC group (P<0.05). The reactive oxygen species expression in the MMC + si-SPARC group is higher than that in the MMC group (P<0.05). Conclusion. This study demonstrates that in HTF, (1) MMC downregulates the expression of SPARC in protein and mRNA levels; (2) SPARC depletion has synergistic effect on the antifibrotic effect of MMC; and (3) reactive oxygen species are the possible mediator in the antifibrotic effect of MMC and si-SPARC.

scholarly journals Connexin 43 Expression on Peripheral Blood Eosinophils: Role of Gap Junctions in Transendothelial Migration

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harissios Vliagoftis ◽  
Cory Ebeling ◽  
Ramses Ilarraza ◽  
Salahaddin Mahmudi-Azer ◽  
Melanie Abel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gap Junctions ◽  
Gap Junction ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Connexin 43 ◽  
Transendothelial Migration ◽  
Glycyrrhetinic Acid ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dye Transfer ◽  
Blood Eosinophils

Eosinophils circulate in the blood and are recruited in tissues during allergic inflammation. Gap junctions mediate direct communication between adjacent cells and may represent a new way of communication between immune cells distinct from communication through cytokines and chemokines. We characterized the expression of connexin (Cx)43 by eosinophils isolated from atopic individuals using RT-PCR, Western blotting, and confocal microscopy and studied the biological functions of gap junctions on eosinophils. The formation of functional gap junctions was evaluated measuring dye transfer using flow cytometry. The role of gap junctions on eosinophil transendothelial migration was studied using the inhibitor 18-a-glycyrrhetinic acid. Peripheral blood eosinophils express Cx43 mRNA and protein. Cx43 is localized not only in the cytoplasm but also on the plasma membrane. The membrane impermeable dye BCECF transferred from eosinophils to epithelial or endothelial cells following coculture in a dose and time dependent fashion. The gap junction inhibitors 18-a-glycyrrhetinic acid and octanol did not have a significant effect on dye transfer but reduced dye exit from eosinophils. The gap junction inhibitor 18-a-glycyrrhetinic acid inhibited eosinophil transendothelial migration in a dose dependent manner. Thus, eosinophils from atopic individuals express Cx43 constitutively and Cx43 may play an important role in eosinophil transendothelial migration and function in sites of inflammation.

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