Effect of undernutrition on uterine progesterone and oestrogen receptors and on endocrine profiles during the ovine oestrous cycle

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 447 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sosa ◽  
J. A. Abecia ◽  
F. Forcada ◽  
C. Viñoles ◽  
C. Tasende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

In the present study, it was investigated whether undernutrition affected the binding capacity, immunoreactivity and mRNA expression for uterine oestrogen and progesterone receptors (ER and PR, respectively) in sheep, as well as whether the responses were associated with changes in plasma concentrations of progesterone (P4), oestradiol (E2), glucose, fatty acids, insulin, leptin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I during the oestrous cycle. Twenty ewes were fed either 1.5 (C) or 0.5 (L) times their maintenance requirements and were killed on Day 5 or 14 of the cycle (Day 0 = oestrus). Compared with Group C, Group L had higher concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids and lower concentrations of insulin, leptin and IGF-I. Group L also had higher plasma concentrations of P4 during the final days of the luteal phase. At oestrus in both treatment groups, there were peaks in the concentrations of glucose, insulin and IGF-I. For ER and PR, transcript expression, binding capacity and immunoreactivity were higher on Day 5 than on Day 14 of the cycle. The binding capacities for ER and PR were lower in Group L than in Group C on Day 5. Group C showed more immunoreactive staining for ER than did Group L in two of five cell types, whereas no effect of treatment was observed for PR immunoreactivity. There was more PR mRNA in the uterine horn contralateral to the corpus luteum in Group C than in Group L ewes. We conclude that undernutrition impairs steroid receptor expression and binding capacity. This may alter the uterine environment and help explain the reductions in embryo survival.

Effect of nutrition on endometrial progesterone receptor expression in ewes

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 81-81
Author(s):  
J.A. Abecia ◽  
C. Sosa ◽  
J.M. Lozano ◽  
C. Viñoles ◽  
F. Forcada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Progesterone Receptor Expression ◽  
Endometrial Cell ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Uterine Environment

It has been postulated that undernourishment could affect embryo survival through changes in the uterine environment (Abecia et al., 1995). Moreover, we have shown that undernourished ewes had higher plasma progesterone (P4) concentrations and a lower endometrial content of P4 (Lozano et al., 1998), suggesting that this lower endometrial content could be due to a decrease in the content of endometrial progesterone receptors (PR). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low and high levels of food intake on PR in different endometrial cell types.

scholarly journals Early Pregnancy in the Ewe: Effects of Oestradiol and Progesterone on Uterine Metabolism and on Embryo Survival

1977 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
BG Miller ◽  
NW Moore ◽  
Leigh Murphy ◽  
GM Stone
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Day Of Embryo Transfer

The hormonal regulation of embryo development during early pregnancy in the ewe has been examined. Ovariectomized ewes received injections of oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) according to schedules designed to simulate endogenous ovarian secretion during the luteal phase of the previous oestrous cycle (priming P), around the time of oestrus (oestrous E2 ) and during early pregnancy (maintenance P, maintenance E2)' Embryos were transferred to the ewes on the 4th day after induced oestrus, and ewes were killed at 6 or 13 days after transfer to assess embryo development. Cytosol concentrations of oestradiol 'and progesterone receptors and RNA and protein metabolism in the endometrium and amounts of protein in uterine flushings were examined on the day of embryo transfer and 6 days after transfer.

Differential effects of GH stimulation on fasting and prandial metabolism and plasma IGFs and IGF-binding proteins in lean and obese sheep

1997 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
J P McCann ◽  
S C Loo ◽  
D L Aalseth ◽  
T Abribat
Keyword(s):  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Daily Injection ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Igf Binding Proteins ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Igfbp 3

Abstract The effect of body condition per se on plasma IGFs and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) and the whole-body metabolic responses to recombinant DNA-derived bovine GH (rbGH) in both the fed and the fasted state were determined in lean and dietary obese sheep (n=6/group). Sheep at zero-energy balance and equilibrium body weight were injected s.c. for 12 days with 100 μg/kg rbGH immediately before their morning feeding. Before GH treatment, fasting plasma concentrations of insulin (17·0 ± 1·9 vs 7·5 ± 0·7 μU/ml), IGF-I (345 ± 25 vs 248 ± 10 ng/ml), glucose (52·6 ± 1·1 vs 48·3 ± 0·7 mg/dl), and free fatty acid (FFA) (355 ± 45 vs 229 ± 24 nmol/ml) were greater (P<0·05) and those of GH (1·1 ± 0·2 vs 2·6 ± 0·3 ng/ml) were lower (P<0·05) in obese than in lean sheep. Fasting concentrations of IGF-II and glucagon were not affected (P>0·05) by obesity. GH concentrations were increased equivalently by 6–9 ng/ml in lean and obese sheep during GH treatment. GH caused an immediate and a marked fivefold increase in the fasting insulin level in obese sheep but only minimally affected insulin concentration in lean sheep. The increment in fasting glucose during GH treatment was greater (P<0·05) in obese (8–12 mg/dl) than in lean (2–5 mg/dl) sheep. Frequent measurements in the first 8 h after feeding and injection of excipient (day 0) or the first (day 1), sixth (day 6) and twelfth (day 12) daily injection of GH showed that prandial metabolism in both groups of sheep was affected minimally by GH. However, GH treatment on day 1 (not days 6 or 12) acutely attenuated the feeding-induced suppression of plasma FFA in both groups of sheep and this effect was significantly greater in obese than in lean sheep. Although obese sheep were hyposomatotropic, the basal and GH-induced increases in plasma IGF-I concentrations were greater (P<0·05) in obese than in lean sheep. Plasma IGF-II was unaffected by obesity and was not increased by GH stimulation. Western ligand blotting showed that IGFBP-3 accounted for approximately 50–60% of the plasma IGF-I binding capacity in sheep respectively both before and during GH treatment. Basal plasma levels of IGFBP-2 were lower (P<0·05) and those of IGFBP-3 greater (P<0·05) in obese compared with lean sheep. GH increased the level of IGFBP-3 equally in lean and obese sheep, but suppressed the expression of IGFBP-2 more (P<0·05) in lean than in obese sheep. We concluded that the diabetogenic-like actions of GH in sheep were exaggerated markedly by obesity, and were expressed more during the fasted than the fed states. The effects of GH stimulation on the endocrine pancreas may be selective for β-cells and preferentially enhanced by obesity. GH regulation of IGF-I and the IGFBPs differs in lean and obese sheep. Journal of Endocrinology (1997) 154, 329–346

Effect of undernutrition on the uterine environment during maternal recognition of pregnancy in sheep

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 869 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sosa ◽  
J. A. Abecia ◽  
M. Carriquiry ◽  
M. I. Vázquez ◽  
A. Fernández-Foren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Uterine Environment ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Uterine Secretion ◽  
Maintenance Requirements ◽  
Proliferating Cell

The effects of pregnancy and undernutrition on endometrial gene expression were investigated in ewes fed all or half their maintenance requirements and killed on Day 14 of pregnancy or of the oestrous cycle. The endometrial expression of progesterone, oestrogen, oxytocin and interferon receptors (PR, ERα, OXTR and IFNAR, respectively), cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), insulin-like growth factors (IGF)-I and -II, and IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) was studied by immunohistochemistry or real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. The luminal epithelium of cyclic control ewes was devoid of PR staining and had relatively high levels of ERα, OXTR, COX-2 and IFNAR2. The presence of a conceptus decreased the in vitro uterine secretion of prostaglandin (PG) F2α and the expression of IFNAR2 in most cell types, and increased the gene expression of IGF-I and IGF-II. Undernutrition tended to increase ERα protein and gene, but decreased in vitro uterine secretion of PGE2 and the gene expression of IFNAR2 in cyclic ewes. There was no effect of undernutrition on pregnancy rates or the number of conceptuses recovered. Consistent with this, undernutrition of pregnant ewes did not have any effect on uterine gene expression. Moreover, in cases where changes were observed in cyclic ewes, these changes were negated when a conceptus was present.

scholarly journals Endocrine Actions of Myostatin: Systemic Regulation of the IGF and IGF Binding Protein Axis

Endocrinology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nolann G. Williams ◽  
Jillian P. Interlichia ◽  
Melissa F. Jackson ◽  
David Hwang ◽  
Pinchas Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Growth ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Igf Binding Proteins ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Igfbp 3

Abstract Myostatin’s inhibitory actions on striated muscle growth are believed to be directly mediated by locally produced myostatin and possibly by IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). We therefore measured skeletal muscle, heart, and liver expression, in neonates and adults, and circulating levels of various IGF axis components (IGF-I, IGFBP-1 to IGFBP-3, and acid labile subunit) in wild-type and mstn−/− mice. Compared with wild type, differences in muscle expression were tissue specific, although IGF-I receptor expression was higher in all mstn−/− neonatal tissues and in adult gastrocnemius. Liver expression of several components also differed between genotype as IGF-I receptor, IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5 expression was higher in mstn−/− neonates and IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in adults. Circulating IGF-I levels were also higher in mstn−/− adults, whereas IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 levels were lower. Comparing IGF-I:IGFBP molar ratios suggested that the relative IGF-binding capacity was potentially lower in mstn−/− mice, and thus, total and “free” IGF-I levels may be elevated. This in turn may increase negative feedback control on GH, because mstn−/− liver weights were lower. Bone growth was similar in both genotypes, suggesting that changes in circulating IGF-I may be more important to muscle, whose mass is enhanced in mstn−/− mice, than to bone. Myostatin receptors, but not myostatin itself, are expressed in the liver. Changes in hepatic production of circulating IGF axis components could therefore result from the loss of endocrine myostatin. Thus, myostatin may inhibit striated muscle growth directly at the cellular level and indirectly through systemic effects on the IGF axis.

Effect of hypophysectomy and acute administration of growth hormone (GH) on GH-receptor binding in chick liver membranes

1991 ◽  
Vol 129 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vanderpooten ◽  
V. M. Darras ◽  
L. M. Huybrechts ◽  
P. Rudas ◽  
E. Decuypere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Specific Binding ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Gh Receptor ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Liver Membranes ◽  
Plasma Gh ◽  
Gh Receptors ◽  
Young Chicks

ABSTRACT The effects of hypophysectomy on GH binding to liver membranes of young chicks were studied 3 days and 1 week after surgery. Specific binding of 125I-labelled chicken GH (cGH) to MgCl2-treated liver microsomal fractions of hypophysectomized animals was two- to fivefold greater than to those of sham-operated or control (non-operated) birds. This effect was due to a rise in binding capacity rather than a change in binding affinity of the GH receptor. Two daily injections of cGH (20 μg/animal) returned the number of hepatic GH receptors from hypophysectomized chicks to the level of the sham-operated ones. Administration of GH to the latter group did not cause a significant lowering of specific binding or number of receptors. No positive correlation between GH binding and plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) was observed; although GH binding increased, IGF-I levels were lower for the hypophysectomized group. Since the number of hepatic GH receptors and the plasma GH levels were inversely correlated, it was concluded that the GH receptors in the liver of the chicken can be down-regulated by GH. This possibly explains why GH binding is low in posthatch and young chicks, because circulating GH concentrations are high during this period. Journal of Endocrinology (1991) 129, 275–281

193 Melatonin implants in spring improve embryo production of aged ewes after superovulation regardless of endometrial progesterone receptor expression

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
J. A. Abecia ◽  
A. Meikle ◽  
M. I. Vázquez ◽  
A. Casao ◽  
F. Forcada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Progesterone Receptors ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Staining Intensity ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Melatonin Treatment ◽  
Embryo Production ◽  
The Individual

Twenty-three Rasa Aragonesa aged ewes (average age: 10.3±0.3 years) were used to determine the effect of melatonin on ovulatory response, embryo production, and endometrial expression of progesterone receptors (PR) after superovulation. Ewes were treated (M, n=13) or not (control, C, n=10) with melatonin implants in March (Day 0, Northern Hemisphere autumn), and received intravaginal progestogen sponges for 14 days on Day 77. Superovulatory treatments consisted of 8 doses in decreasing concentrations (2 mL×2 and 1 mL×6) of 176 NIH-FSH-S1 units of NIADDK-oFSH-17 (Ovagen, ICPbio Reproduction, Auckland, New Zealand) administered twice daily starting 72h before sponge removal. Seven days after oestrus, embryos were recovered by laparotomy, ewes were killed, and uterine horns were processed to study PR expression by immunohistochemistry. The amount of PR was estimated subjectively by 2 independent observers in 5 endometrial compartments: luminal epithelium (LE), superficial (sGE) and deep (dGE) glandular epithelia, and superficial (sS) and deep (dS) stroma. The extent of staining was expressed on a scale from 0 to 100. Data were analysed with a 2×2 factorial ANOVA. Melatonin implants improved fertilization (92v. 57%, for M and C groups, respectively; P&lt;0.01), blastocyst (47v. 9%; P&lt;0.01), viability (88v. 31%; P&lt;0.0001), and freezability (69v. 21%; P&lt;0.001) rates. Specifically, melatonin induced a significant reduction of the number of non-viable (degenerate and retarded) embryos (0.3v. 1.5; P&lt;0.05) and increased blastocysts (2.8v. 0.8; P&lt;0.05) per ewe. Melatonin treatment decreased PR staining intensity (47v. 55%; P&lt;0.05), but this effect was not observed when the individual cell types were compared (Table 1). Because the number of corpora lutea (CL) was responsible for different PR expression in both groups (P&lt;0.0001), animals were divided into 2 ovulation rate categories: &lt;10 CL and ≥10 CL, with lesser PR expression in the ≥10 CL group (P&lt;0.0001); this lower PR immunostaining in ≥10 CL is consistent with progesterone down-regulation of its own receptor. An interaction among number of CL and treatment was found for embryo quality (P&lt;0.05); thus, the positive effect of melatonin on this parameter was particularly effective in the low-ovulation-rate group. These results demonstrate that melatonin treatment in the autumn improves embryo quality in aged ewes, and that this effect is not explained by a differential endometrial sensitivity to progesterone. Table 1.Embryo production (mean±s.e.m.) in melatonin-treated (M) and control (C) ewes after superovulation in autumn, and staining intensity of progesterone receptors in the endometrium (CL=corpora lutea)

scholarly journals Effects of dexamethasone and colostrum intake on the somatotropic axis in neonatal calves

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (2) ◽  
pp. E252-E261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie N. Sauter ◽  
Edgar Ontsouka ◽  
Bettina Roffler ◽  
Yolande Zbinden ◽  
Chantal Philipona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Somatotropic Axis ◽  
Postnatal Maturation ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Neonatal Calves ◽  
Colostrum Feeding ◽  
Igf Binding Protein

Glucocorticoids and colostrum feeding influence postnatal maturation of the somatotropic axis. We have tested the hypothesis that dexamethasone (Dexa) affects the somatotropic axis in neonatal calves dependent on colostrum intake. Calves were fed either with colostrum or with a milk-based formula ( n = 14/group), and, in each feeding group, one-half of the calves were treated with Dexa (30 μg · kg body wt-1 · day-1). Pre- and postprandial blood samples were taken on days 1, 2, 4, and 5, and liver samples were taken on day 5 of life. Dexa increased insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, but decreased growth hormone (GH) and IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-1 and -2 plasma concentrations and increased GH receptor (GHR) mRNA levels in liver. Dexa increased IGF-I mRNA levels only in formula-fed calves and increased hepatic GHR binding capacity, but only in colostrum-fed calves. Colostrum feeding decreased IGFBP-1 and -2 plasma concentrations and hepatic IGFBP-2 and -3 mRNA levels. In conclusion, Dexa and colostrum feeding promoted maturation of the somatotropic axis. Dexa effects partly depended on whether colostrum was fed or not.

Effect of nutrition and immunization against somatostatin on growth and insulin-like growth factors in sheep

1987 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Bass ◽  
P. D. Gluckman ◽  
R. J. Fairclough ◽  
A. J. Peterson ◽  
S. R. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Factor I ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factors

ABSTRACT The effect of immunizing against somatostatin (SRIF), with SRIF conjugated to bovine thyroglobulin, was examined in cross-bred sheep fed either cut pasture or lucerne pellets. Plasma concentrations of GH were unaffected by SRIF immunization, but were lower in pellet-fed sheep. Plasma concentrations of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) increased after immunization in sheep on both diets. Pasture-fed sheep had lower plasma concentrations of IGF-I than those on pellets. Sheep showed a small increase in growth rate in response to immunization. Immunization had no effect on carcass composition and did not affect plasma concentrations of IGF-II, free fatty acids or glucose. The results show that even though SRIF immunization increases plasma concentrations of IGF-I, it does not necessarily result in a large increase in growth rate. J. Endocr. (1987) 112, 27–31

Steroid hormone concentrations and body mass are differently affected by polyunsaturated fatty acids during the oestrous cycle in guinea pigs

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1077 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Nemeth ◽  
Bernard Wallner ◽  
Carina Siutz ◽  
Elisabeth Pschernig ◽  
Karl-Heinz Wagner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
High Concentrations

Reproductive functions in female mammals can be significantly affected by the actions of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on steroid hormone secretion rates. Nevertheless, the effects of plasma free PUFAs on the oestrous cycle have seldom been considered. Therefore, in the present study, the diet of domestic guinea pigs was supplemented with high concentrations of different PUFAs and the effects of altered plasma PUFA patterns on steroid hormone concentrations, measured non-invasively, and body mass during oestrus and dioestrus were analysed. The oestrous cycle was characterised by increased oestrogen and cortisol concentrations in oestrus, corroborated by lowest bodyweight, whereas progesterone concentrations were highest in dioestrus. Plasma concentrations of the long-chain PUFAs docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6 ω3) and arachidonic acid (AA; 20:5 ω6) affected steroid hormone concentrations differently in oestrus and dioestrus. DHA positively affected oestrogen and progesterone concentrations and diminished cortisol concentrations only in oestrus. In contrast, AA negatively affected oestrogen and stimulated cortisol concentrations in oestrus and reduced progesterone concentrations in general. These findings imply selective and opposite contributions of DHA and AA to ovarian functions during different stages of the oestrous cycle, indicating a high biological relevance of plasma free PUFAs in female reproductive function.

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