Overnourishing pregnant adolescent ewes preserves perirenal fat deposition in their growth-restricted fetuses

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masatoshi Matsuzaki ◽  
John S. Milne ◽  
Raymond P. Aitken ◽  
Jacqueline M. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Gravid Uterus ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Pregnant Adolescent ◽  
Perirenal Fat

Overnourishing the adolescent sheep promotes rapid maternal growth at the expense of the gravid uterus. The growth of the placenta is impaired and results in the premature delivery of low-birthweight lambs. The present study details fetal adipose tissue development in these growth-restricted pregnancies. Singleton pregnancies were established by embryo transfer and, thereafter, adolescent ewes were offered a high (H; n = 12) or moderate (M; n = 14) level of a complete diet until necropsy on Day 131 of gestation. Fetal weight was lower (P < 0.001) in H compared with M groups. High maternal intake preserved brain and perirenal fat weight (P < 0.003), whereas relative weights of the heart, lungs, spleen and liver were unaltered. High nutrient intake resulted in significantly elevated maternal plasma concentrations of insulin, leptin, prolactin and glucose, no significant changes in fetal insulin, leptin or non-esterified fatty acids and attenuated fetal prolactin concentrations. Irrespective of nutritional intake, maternal plasma leptin, prolactin and glucose concentrations were negatively correlated with fetal weight and were positively correlated with fetal perirenal fat proportion (all P < 0.01). The mRNA expression for leptin, prolactin receptor and uncoupling protein (UCP) 1 in fetal perirenal fat was equivalent between groups, but, irrespective of maternal nutrition, UCP1 mRNA levels were negatively correlated with fetal weight (P < 0.01). Thus, overnourishing pregnant adolescent sheep preserves fat deposition in their growth-restricted fetuses, which may have implications for neonatal thermogenesis and for programming of postnatal adiposity.

Effect of long-term infusion of ovine corticotrophin-releasing factor in the immature ovine fetus

1986 ◽  
Vol 111 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Wintour ◽  
R. J. Bell ◽  
R. S. Carson ◽  
R. J. MacIsaac ◽  
G. W. Tregear ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Jugular Veins ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Fetal Plasma ◽  
Corticotrophin Releasing Factor ◽  
Ovine Fetus

ABSTRACT Synthetic ovine corticotrophin-releasing factor (oCRF) was infused continuously into the jugular veins of six ovine fetuses for 5–11 days. Two fetuses receiving 0·1 and 1·0 μg oCRF/h from gestational days 134 and 135 respectively, lambed prematurely on days 141 and 140 respectively. Three out of four fetuses receiving oCRF at 2·4 μg/h, from 125 days of gestation, delivered spontaneously at 131, 131 and 136 days, whilst one died in utero at 132 days. Two fetuses receiving vehicle only or oCRF intra-amniotically, were born at 148 and 145 days respectively, whilst six fetuses chronically cannulated but not infused were born at 149·8 ±2·1 (s.d.) days. In ewes lambing at term, maternal plasma progesterone concentrations were 41·4±11·4 (s.e.m.; n = 5), 28·8±7·8 (n = 6), 17·1 ±4·8 (n = 5) and 7·9± 1·1 (n = 4) nmol/l on 3, 2, 1 and 0 days respectively before the lambs were born. No such decrease in maternal plasma progesterone concentrations was seen in the oCRF-infused fetuses. Fetal plasma concentrations of immunoreactive ACTH were maintained above normal in oCRF-infused fetuses, but some desensitization to bolus oCRF injections occurred in these fetuses. Four of the five fetuses born prematurely were sufficiently mature to survive, being able to stand, breathe and suckle. It is concluded that continuous oCRF infusions into immature fetuses can accelerate maturation of a number of organs and systems culminating in the premature delivery of viable lambs. J. Endocr. (1986) 111, 469–475

FOETAL AND MATERNAL PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS OF 13,14-DIHYDRO-15-OXO-PROSTAGLANDIN F IN THE MARE DURING LATE PREGNANCY AND AT PARTURITION

1978 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. BARNES ◽  
R. S. COMLINE ◽  
L. B. JEFFCOTT ◽  
M. D. MITCHELL ◽  
P. D. ROSSDALE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Premature Delivery ◽  
Rapid Rise ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Prostaglandin F ◽  
Venous Plasma

SUMMARY The concentrations of 13,14-dihydro-15-oxo-prostaglandin F (PGFM), the stable metabolite of prostaglandin F, were measured in the plasma of catheterized mares and foetuses and non-catheterized thoroughbred mares and ponies during the last months of gestation. The plasma concentration of PGFM increased gradually towards term in all groups of animals. During the operation for insertion of catheters, maternal and foetal concentrations of PGFM were high, but the values fell to basal levels 24–48 h after the operation. It was found that preoperative starvation (24 h) led to a rise in the concentration oef PGFM in th maternal plasma. The raised concentrations of PGFM during the operation were associated with low progestogen and high oestrogen concentrations in umbilical venous plasma. The subsequent survival period of the catheterized foal was inversely related to the maximum concentration of PGFM attained during the operation. Changes in the plasma concentration of PGFM were studied during normal parturition in thoroughbred mares, during oxytocin-induced delivery in non-catheterized ponies and during premature delivery or abortion in the catheterized animals. The greatest increase in the concentration of PGFM was seen in the thoroughbred animals during second-stage labour; oxytocin also resulted in a very rapid rise in the level of PGFM, which remained high until delivery. In the catheterized animals, the birth of live foetuses was associated with a rise in the concentration of PGFM in both foetal and maternal plasma during the last 2 h before delivery. Less consistent changes were found during abortion.

scholarly journals Contrasts between the effects of zinc-α2-glycoprotein, a putative β3/2-adrenoceptor agonist and the β3/2-adrenoceptor agonist BRL35135 in C57Bl/6 (ob/ob) mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 216 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward T Wargent ◽  
Jacqueline F O'Dowd ◽  
Mohamed S Zaibi ◽  
Dan Gao ◽  
Chen Bing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonist ◽  
Brown Adipose

Previous studies by Tisdaleet al. have reported that zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG (AZGP1)) reduces body fat content and improves glucose homeostasis and the plasma lipid profile in Aston (ob/ob) mice. It has been suggested that this might be mediated via agonism of β3- and possibly β2-adrenoceptors. We compared the effects of dosing recombinant human ZAG (100 μg, i.v.) and BRL35135 (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), which is in rodents a 20-fold selective β3- relative to β2-adrenoceptor agonist, given once daily for 10 days to male C57Bl/6Lepob/Lepobmice. ZAG, but not BRL35135, reduced food intake. BRL35135, but not ZAG, increased energy expenditure acutely and after sub-chronic administration. Only BRL35135 increased plasma concentrations of glycerol and non-esterified fatty acid. Sub-chronic treatment with both ZAG and BRL35135 reduced fasting blood glucose and improved glucose tolerance, but the plasma insulin concentration 30 min after administration of glucose was lowered only by BRL35135. Both ZAG and BRL35135 reduced β1-adrenoceptor mRNA levels in white adipose tissue, but only BRL35135 reduced β2-adrenoceptor mRNA. Both ZAG and BRL35135 reduced β1-adrenoceptor mRNA levels in brown adipose tissue, but neither influenced β2-adrenoceptor mRNA, and only BRL35135 increased β3-adrenoceptor and uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) mRNA levels in brown adipose tissue. Thus, ZAG and BRL35135 had similar effects on glycaemic control and shared some effects on β-adrenoceptor gene expression in adipose tissue, but ZAG did not display the thermogenic effects of the β-adrenoceptor agonist, nor did it increase β3-adrenoceptor orUCP1gene expression in brown adipose tissue. ZAG does not behave as a typical β3/2-adrenoceptor agonist.

scholarly journals Intrauterine growth restriction is associated with alterations in placental lipoprotein receptors and maternal lipoprotein composition

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (2) ◽  
pp. E476-E484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Wadsack ◽  
Silvia Tabano ◽  
Alexandra Maier ◽  
Ursula Hiden ◽  
Gioia Alvino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Scavenger Receptor ◽  
Ldl Receptor ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Lipoprotein Composition

Among other factors, fetal growth requires maternal supply of cholesterol. Cellular cholesterol uptake is mainly mediated by the LDL receptor (LDL-R) and the scavenger receptor family. We hypothesized that expression levels of key receptors of these families were regulated differently in placentas from IUGR pregnancies with varying degrees of severity. Third-trimester placentas from IUGR pregnancies with (IUGR-S) and without (IUGR-M) fetal hemodynamic changes and from control (AGA) pregnancies were studied. LDL-R, LDL-R-related protein (LRP-1), and scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) mRNA and protein levels were measured. Cholesterol concentration and composition of lipoproteins were analyzed enzymatically and by lipid electrophoresis, respectively, in maternal and umbilical cord blood. LDL-R mRNA levels in IUGR-M were similar to AGA but lower ( P < 0.05) in IUGR-S. In contrast, LDL-R protein was twofold (IUGR-M) and 1.8-fold (IUGR-S) higher ( P < 0.05) than in the AGA group. LRP-1 mRNA and protein levels were not altered in the IUGR cases. SR-BI mRNA was unchanged in IUGR, but protein levels were lower ( P < 0.05) in IUGR-S than in the other groups. Maternal plasma concentrations of LDL cholesterol were higher ( P < 0.05) in the AGA group (188.5 ± 23.6 mg/dl) than in the IUGR-S group (154.2 ± 26.1). Electrophoretic mobility of the LDL fraction in maternal plasma demonstrated significant changes in migration toward higher values (AGA 0.95 ± 0.06, IUGR-M 1.12 ± 0.11, P < 0.001; IUGR-S 1.28 ± 0.20, P = 0.002). We conclude that LDL-R and SR-BI levels are altered in IUGR pregnancies. These differences were associated with changes in LDL, but not HDL, mobility and cholesterol concentration in maternal circulation.

Increased plasma levels of adipokines in preeclampsia: relationship to placenta and adipose tissue gene expression

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (2) ◽  
pp. E326-E333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Haugen ◽  
Trine Ranheim ◽  
Nina K. Harsem ◽  
Esther Lips ◽  
Anne C. Staff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Maternal Plasma ◽  
Secretory Protein ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Resistin Mrna

Adipokines are predominantly secretory protein hormones from adipose tissue but may also originate in placenta and other organs. Cross-sectionally, we monitored maternal plasma concentration of adiponectin, resistin, and leptin and their mRNA expression in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue and placenta from preeclamptic (PE; n = 15) and healthy pregnant (HP; n = 23) women undergoing caesarean section. The study groups were similar in age and BMI, whereas HOMA-IR tended to be higher in the PE group. In fasting plasma samples, the PE group had higher concentrations of adiponectin (18.3 ± 2.2 vs. 12.2 ± 1.1 μg/ml, P = 0.011), resistin (5.68 ± 0.41 vs. 4.65 ± 0.32 ng/ml, P = 0.028), and leptin (34.4 ± 3.2 vs. 22.7 ± 2.1 ng/ml, P = 0.003) compared with the HP group. Adiponectin and leptin concentrations were still different between PE and HP after controlling for BMI and HOMA-IR, whereas resistin concentrations differed only after controlling for BMI but not HOMA-IR. We found similar mean mRNA levels of adiponectin, resistin, and leptin in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue in PE and HP women. When data were pooled from PE and HP women, resistin mRNA levels in adipose tissue also correlated with HOMA-IR ( r = 0.470, P = 0.012) after controlling for BMI and pregnancy duration. Resistin mRNA levels in placenta were not significantly different between PE and HP, whereas leptin mRNA levels were higher in PE placenta compared with HP. Thus increased plasma concentrations of adiponectin and resistin in preeclampsia may not relate to altered expression levels in adipose tissue and placenta, whereas both plasma and placenta mRNA levels of leptin are increased in preeclampsia.

scholarly journals Overnourishing pregnant adolescent ewes stimulates perirenal fat deposition in their growth restricted foetuses

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 519-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Matsuzaki ◽  
J. Milne ◽  
R. Aitken ◽  
D. Redmer ◽  
J. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Pregnant Adolescent ◽  
Perirenal Fat

scholarly journals Eicosapentaenoic Acid Increases Browning Markers in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue and Primary Adipocytes from Wild Type and UCP-1 Deficient Mice (P15-007-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shasika Jayarathne ◽  
Mandana Pahlavani ◽  
Latha Ramalingam ◽  
Shane Scoggin ◽  
Naima Moustaid-Moussa
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Abstract Objectives Brown adipose tissue (BAT) regulates energy balance through thermogenesis, in part via uncoupling protein -1 (UCP-1). White adipose tissue (WAT), namely subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) can convert to a beige/brite adipose tissue phenotype (browning) under thermogenic conditions such as cold. We previously reported that eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) reduced obesity and glucose intolerance, and increased UCP-1 in BAT of B6 mice at ambient temperature (22°C); and these effects were attenuated at thermoneutral environment (28–30°C). We hypothesized that EPA exerts anti-obesity effects on SAT, including increased browning, adipocyte hypotrophy; and these effects require UCP-1. Methods Six-week-old B6 wild type (WT) and UCP-1 knock-out (KO) male mice were maintained at thermoneutral environment and fed high fat diet (HF) with or without 36 g/kg of AlaskOmega EPA-enriched fish oil (800 mg/g) for 14 weeks; and SAT was collected for histological, gene and protein analyses. SAT was also prepared from chow diet-fed WT and KO mice at ambient environment to prepare stroma vascular cells, which were differentiated into adipocytes, treated with 100uM EPA for 48 hours then harvested for mRNA and protein analyses. Results KO mice fed HF diets had the highest body weight (P < 0.05) among all groups. EPA reduced fat cell size in both WT and KO mice fed the EPA diet. mRNA levels of fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21) were higher in SAT of WT mice fed EPA compared to WT mice fed HF (P < 0.05), with no differences between the KO genotype. KO mice fed HF diets had lower levels of UCP-3 in SAT compared to WT mice fed HF (P < 0.05), which was rescued only in the KO mice fed EPA (P < 0.05). UCP-1 protein levels were very low in SAT tissues, and UCP-2 mRNA levels were similar across all groups in SAT. Interestingly, EPA significantly (P < 0.05) increased mRNA expression of UCP-2, UCP-3 and FGF21 in differentiated SAT adipocytes from both WT and KO compared to control. Furthermore, UCP-1 mRNA levels were significantly higher in WT adipocytes treated with EPA, compared to non-treated cells (P < 0.05). Additional mechanistic studies are currently underway to further dissect adipose depot differences in EPA effects in WT vs. KO mice. Conclusions Our data suggest that EPA increases SAT browning, independently of UCP-1. Funding Sources NIH/NCCIH.

Growth factor regulation of uncoupling protein-1 mRNA expression in brown adipocytes

2002 ◽  
Vol 282 (1) ◽  
pp. C105-C112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibian García ◽  
Maria-Jesús Obregón
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Brown Adipocyte ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Uncoupling Protein 1 ◽  
Brown Adipocytes ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Continuous Presence

To study the effect of the mitogens epidermal growth factor (EGF), acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors (aFGF and bFGF), and vasopressin on brown adipocyte differentiation, we analyzed the expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) mRNA. Quiescent brown preadipocytes express high levels of UCP-1 mRNA in response to triiodothyronine (T3) and norepinephrine (NE). The addition of serum or the mitogenic condition aFGF + vasopressin + NE or EGF + vasopressin + NE decreases UCP-1 mRNA. A second addition of mitogens further decreases UCP-1 mRNA. Treatment with aFGF or bFGF alone increases UCP-1 mRNA, whereas the addition of EGF or vasopressin dramatically reduces UCP-1 mRNA levels. The continuous presence of T3 increases UCP-1 mRNA levels in cells treated with EGF, aFGF, or bFGF. The effect of T3 on the stimulation of DNA synthesis also was tested. T3 inhibits the mitogenic activity of aFGF and bFGF. In conclusion, mitogens like aFGF or bFGF allow brown adipocyte differentiation, whereas EGF and vasopressin inhibit the differentiation process. T3 behaves as an important hormone that regulates both brown adipocyte proliferation and differentiation.

Transcriptional regulation of gene expression in human skeletal muscle during recovery from exercise

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (4) ◽  
pp. E806-E814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henriette Pilegaard ◽  
George A. Ordway ◽  
Bengt Saltin ◽  
P. Darrell Neufer
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Metabolic Efficiency ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Mrna Levels

Exercise training elicits a number of adaptive changes in skeletal muscle that result in an improved metabolic efficiency. The molecular mechanisms mediating the cellular adaptations to exercise training in human skeletal muscle are unknown. To test the hypothesis that recovery from exercise is associated with transcriptional activation of specific genes, six untrained male subjects completed 60–90 min of exhaustive one-legged knee extensor exercise for five consecutive days. On day 5, nuclei were isolated from biopsies of the vastus lateralis muscle of the untrained and the trained leg before exercise and from the trained leg immediately after exercise and after 15 min, 1 h, 2 h, and 4 h of recovery. Transcriptional activity of the uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) genes (relative to β-actin) increased by three- to sevenfold in response to exercise, peaking after 1–2 h of recovery. Increases in mRNA levels followed changes in transcription, peaking between 2 and 4 h after exercise. Lipoprotein lipase and carnitine pamitoyltransferase I gene transcription and mRNA levels showed similar but less dramatic induction patterns, with increases ranging from two- to threefold. In a separate study, a single 4-h bout of cycling exercise ( n = 4) elicited from 5 to >20-fold increases in UCP3, PDK4, and HO-1 transcription, suggesting that activation of these genes may be related to the duration or intensity of exercise. These data demonstrate that exercise induces transient increases in transcription of metabolic genes in human skeletal muscle. Moreover, the findings suggest that the cumulative effects of transient increases in transcription during recovery from consecutive bouts of exercise may represent the underlying kinetic basis for the cellular adaptations associated with exercise training.

Cloning and functional characterization of an uncoupling protein homolog in hummingbirds

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAUDIA R. VIANNA ◽  
THILO HAGEN ◽  
CHEN-YU ZHANG ◽  
ERIC BACHMAN ◽  
OLIVIER BOSS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Pectoral Muscle ◽  
Mitochondrial Fraction ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Rapid Amplification

The cDNA of an uncoupling protein (UCP) homolog has been cloned from the swallow-tailed hummingbird, Eupetomena macroura. The hummingbird uncoupling protein (HmUCP) cDNA was amplified from pectoral muscle (flight muscle) using RT-PCR and primers for conserved domains of various known UCP homologs. The rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method was used to complete the cloning of the 5′ and 3′ ends of the open reading frame. The HmUCP coding region contains 915 nucleotides, and the deduced protein sequence consists of 304 amino acids, being ∼72, 70, and 55% identical to human UCP3, UCP2, and UCP1, respectively. The uncoupling activity of this novel protein was characterized in yeast. In this expression system, the 12CA5-tagged HmUCP fusion protein was detected by Western blot in the enriched mitochondrial fraction. Similarly to rat UCP1, HmUCP decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential as measured in whole yeast by uptake of the fluorescent potential-sensitive dye 3′,3-dihexyloxacarbocyanine iodide. The HmUCP mRNA is primarily expressed in skeletal muscle, but high levels can also be detected in heart and liver, as assessed by Northern blot analysis. Lowering the room’s temperature to 12–14°C triggered the cycle torpor/rewarming, typical of hummingbirds. Both in the pectoral muscle and heart, HmUCP mRNA levels were 1.5- to 3.4-fold higher during torpor. In conclusion, this is the first report of an UCP homolog in birds. The data indicate that HmUCP has the potential to function as an UCP and could play a thermogenic role during rewarming.

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