Oestrous cycle of the common wombat, Vombatus ursinus, in Victoria, Australia

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. West ◽  
D. Galloway ◽  
J. Shaw ◽  
A. Trouson ◽  
M. C. J. Paris
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Common Wombat ◽  
Vaginal Cytology ◽  
The Common

Wild-caught female common wombats from Victoria, Australia, were studied in captivity to investigate the oestrous cycle by assessing vaginal cytology and peripheral plasma progesterone concentrations. Eight wombats, five adults (21–29 kg) and three subadults (19–23 kg), which were held for between 2 weeks and 11 months did not cycle in captivity. Their progesterone concentrations were consistently low (≤6.9 nmol L–1) and vaginal smears contained predominantly superficial epithelial cells. Three wombats (21–27 kg), held in captivity for >1 year, regularly cycled (when bodyweights exceeded 23.5 kg). Information gathered from four consecutive cycles in each of these three wombats revealed a follicular phase with low progesterone concentrations (≤6.9 nmol L–1) and vaginal smears with a high percentage of superficial epithelial cells alternating with periods of high progesterone concentrations (range 41.6–123.8 nmol L–1) and smears in which parabasal–intermediate epithelial cells predominated. The average length of the monitored oestrous cycles was 47.2 days (35–60 days). The follicular phase lasted ~19 days and the luteal phase lasted ~28 days. In conclusion, wombats can cycle regularly in captivity even under conditions of intensive monitoring.

Observations on oetrus and the oestrous cycle in the marsupials Isoodon Macrourus and Perameles nasuta

1976 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
AG Lyne
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Polymorphonuclear Leucocytes ◽  
Vaginal Smears

Observations have been made on oestrus and the oestrous cycle in the bandicoots I. macrourus and P. nasuta caged indoors. Oestrus was diagnosed from a number of criteria, particularly the sexual behaviour of the males. Attempted matings, non-fertile matings and matings leading to pregnancy were restricted to one day of the oestrous cycle, except on one occasion when a male I. macrourus attempted to mate on two consecutive days. The lips of the urogenital opening of the female were usually greatly swollen at oestrus but pouch changes at this time were not detected. Vaginal smears at oestrus usually showed an increase in the number of partly and fully cornified epithelial cells and few, if any, polymorphonuclear leucocytes. During the winter and spring of 1972 and spring of 1973, over 1000 vaginal smears were taken from 29 P. nasuta and about 700 smears were taken from 21 I. macrourus. Information on the length of the oestrous cycle in P. nasuta, using all criteria, was obtained from only nine cycles in eight animals. The cycle length averaged 21 days but the range was from 10 to 34 days. Considerably more information on the length of the cycle was obtained from the smaller number of I. macrourus; the average length of 39 cycles in 15 animals was 20 days, the range being 9-34 days.

Oestrous cycle and gestation length in the musky rat-kangaroo, Hypsiprymnodon moschatus (Potoroidae : Marsupialia)

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shan Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Reproductive Physiology ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Gestation Length ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Breeding Colony ◽  
Male And Female

Wild-caught male and female H. moschatus were maintained in a captive breeding colony. Vaginal smears were taken three times a week until oestrous cycles were detected and gestation lengths approximated. Thereafter, smears were usually taken daily when oestrus was expected. The gestation period (considered to be the number of days from the detection of sperm in the smear until the day young were found in the pouch) was found to last 19 days. Sperm were usually detected in the smear two days before the influx of semi-cornified and cornified epithelial cells, which occurred 17 days before parturition. A pre- or post-partum oestrus was not detected and females did not return to oestrus until at least 6 days after the removal of the last pouch young. H. moschatus has the shortest recorded gestation for any macropod, and gestation occupies approximately 75% of the oestrous cycle. The reproductive physiology of H. moschatus is similar to that of most phalangerids, which may be indicative of a common ancestor.

scholarly journals Effect of ram introduction on the oestrous cycle of springbok ewes (Antidorcas marsupialis)

Reproduction ◽  
2002 ◽  
pp. 509-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
DC Skinner ◽  
SD Cilliers ◽  
JD Skinner
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Concentration ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Wild Ungulates ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Antidorcas Marsupialis

Springbok are aseasonally breeding wild ungulates that inhabit arid environments, and interest has been shown in domesticating them for agricultural purposes. The present study was conducted for husbandry purposes to determine the effect of introducing a vasectomized ram to an isolated herd of springbok ewes (n = 9). Blood was collected from ewes every third day, before and after introduction of a vasectomized ram. Ewes were subjected to the ram for 42 days. Plasma progesterone was measured by radioimmunoassay and was used to establish the stage of the oestrous cycle. After introduction of the ram, the variation in the timing of the follicular phase between ewes was clearly reduced, compressing the spread of oestrus in the springbok ewes from 11 to 3 days. In seven of the nine ewes, the ram was introduced during the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle, causing this cycle to be significantly longer in duration (P < 0.05) and to have a higher maximum concentration of progesterone (P < 0.001) than cycles before and after introduction of the ram. This finding implies that the mechanism of synchronization operates through a luteotrophic effect. These results indicate that rams may be used successfully to synchronize breeding in springbok.

OESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE CONTENT OF OVARIAN VEIN BLOOD OF THE EWE DURING THE OESTROUS CYCLE

1969 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. W. MOORE ◽  
SUSAN BARRETT ◽  
J. B. BROWN ◽  
IRENE SCHINDLER ◽  
MARGERY A. SMITH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Ovarian Vein ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Cyclic Variations ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Almost All

SUMMARY Ovarian vein blood was collected by cannulating the ovarian vein of 37 ewes at various times during the oestrous cycle. Plasma progesterone and oestrogen concentrations, determined by chemical methods, showed marked cyclic variations during the cycle. Progesterone was detected at all stages of the cycle. Plasma concentrations were rising rapidly by the 4th day after the onset of oestrus and were maintained at levels greater than 100 μg./100 ml. plasma from the 8th to the 14th day of the cycle. They started to fall about 48 hr. before the onset of oestrus. Very low levels, of the order of 1 μg./100 ml. plasma, were maintained from 24 hr. before to 8–16 hr. after the onset of oestrus. Oestradiol-17β made up almost all of the oestrogens measured. Oestrone accounted for less than one-eighth of the total oestrogens. Oestradiol first appeared on the 14th day of the cycle and its concentration rose rapidly during the immediate pre-oestrous period to reach peak levels of over 100 ng./100 ml. plasma 20–30 hr. before the onset of oestrus. They then rapidly declined and by 24 hr. after the onset had reached almost non-detectable levels. The ovarian secretion rate of progesterone was calculated to be 3·5 mg./day at mid-cycle and the total secretion of oestradiol during the follicular phase was 4·9 μg. Blood flow through the cannula was not affected by either the stage of cycle at which blood was collected or by the structure (corpus luteum or Graafian follicle) in the ovary bled.

Breeding Biology of the Agile Wallaby, Macropus agilis (Gould) (Marsupialia : Macropodidae), in Captivity

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
JC Merchant
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Vaginal Smear ◽  
Vaginal Smears ◽  
Main Cell ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
The Mean

Female agile wallabies in captivity reached sexual maturity at about 12 months old and males produced mature spermatozoa by 14 months. Breeding was continuous throughout the year and birth and oestrus were recorded in every month. The mean length of the oestrous cycle was 32.4 days, and the mean gestation period 29.4 days. Females exhibited post-partum oestrus, usually mating within 1 day of birth. Sixty-four young born in captivity comprised 24 males, 30 females and 10 of unknown sex. If a pouch young were removed or lost, the quiescent blastocyst resumed its development, to birth about 26.5 days later. Failure or absence of the blastocyst was followed by an oestrus at about the time of the corresponding post-partum oestrus. Both the oestrous cycle and the interval between removal of a pouch young and oestrus were significantly longer than when a pregnancy intervened. The oestrous cycle was characterized by changes in the proportions of the main cell types in the vaginal smear, and by changes in the appearance of the urogenital opening and the pouch and teats. The approach of oestrus could not be predicted from vaginal smears but the post-oestrous condition was always recognizable even without mating. Young animals first left the pouch for short periods between the ages of 176 and 211 days, and left permanently between 207 and 237 days. Animals of known age were measured and the development of various morphological characters noted at weekly intervals from about birth until 12 months old.

Reproductive biology of captive southern hairy-nosed wombats (Lasiorhinus latifrons). Part 1: oestrous cycle characterisation

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyce M. Swinbourne ◽  
Stephen D. Johnston ◽  
Tina Janssen ◽  
Alan Lisle ◽  
Tamara Keeley
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Late Follicular Phase

Southern hairy-nosed wombats (SHNWs: Lasiorhinus latifrons) do not breed well in captivity. To better understand their reproduction, daily urine samples were collected from nine captive females and analysed for volume (mL), specific gravity and a qualitative index of the number of epithelial cells, then stored at −20°C until samples could be analysed for progesterone metabolites (P4M). The mean oestrous cycle length was 35.1 ± 2.4 days; however, individual cycle length ranged from 23 to 47 days. The mean luteal phase length was 20.8 ± 1.3 days (range: 12 to 33 days). Urinary P4M was divided into four oestrous cycle stages: (1) early follicular phase, (2) late follicular phase, (3) early luteal phase, (4) late luteal phase, and analysed against urinary characteristics. During the late follicular phase, urine volume decreased (P = 0.002) while urine specific gravity (P = 0.001) and concentration of epithelial cells (P = 0.004) both increased. The level of variability in oestrous cycle length suggests that some captive females may exhibit abnormal cycles; however, the changes in the urinary characteristics associated with the different stages of the oestrous cycle appear to offer a possible non-invasive means of monitoring the reproductive status of captive SHNWs.

PERIPHERAL PLASMA PROGESTERONE DURING PREGNANCY AND THE OESTROUS CYCLE IN THE TAMMAR WALLABY, MACROPUS EUGENII

1972 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
MEREDITH LEMON
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Tammar Wallaby ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Common Assumption ◽  
Macropus Eugenii ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
Competitive Protein Binding ◽  
The Common ◽  
Circulating Levels

SUMMARY Progesterone or progestin concentrations were measured in the peripheral plasma of the tammar wallaby (Macropus eugenii) during pregnancy and the oestrous cycle, using a competitive protein-binding method. In common with most other members of the marsupial family Macropodidae, the tammar has a gestation period slightly shorter than one oestrous cycle, and the occurrence of pregnancy does not affect the time of onset of the following oestrus. This study was an attempt to obtain direct evidence for the common assumption that most macropodid marsupials secrete the same amounts of ovarian hormones during pregnancy as they do during the oestrous cycle. The effect on progesterone levels of ovariectomy and removal of the corpus luteum was also studied to discover whether an extra-ovarian source of progesterone exists during pregnancy. Circulating levels of both total plasma progestins and progesterone are very low compared with other mammalian species—less than 1 ng/ml at all stages of the reproductive cycle. An increase in plasma progesterone concentration, apparently of ovarian origin, occurs before birth and/or oestrus, and this may possibly be associated with parturition. The plasma progestin concentration during pregnancy, and that of progesterone during the last 10 days of pregnancy, were significantly greater than during the oestrous cycle.

scholarly journals Apoptotic Cell Death in Ewe Endometrium during the Oestrous Cycle

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 2323
Author(s):  
S. BENBIA ◽  
Y. BELKHIRI ◽  
M. YAHIA
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Endocrine Profile ◽  
Macroscopic Observation

We hypothesized that endometrial tissues from ewes undergo spatial and temporal changes. Thus, two regulatory events were investigated in this study: cell death (apoptosis) and cell proliferation. Uteri were obtained from healthy ewes at Batna abattoir (Algeria). Based on macroscopic observation of the ovaries and plasma progesterone, uteri were assigned to follicular, early and active luteal phases. Apoptosis and proliferation were assessed by detection of cleaved caspase-3 and Ki-67, respectively. Ki-67 and cleaved caspase-3 (CCP-3) were expressed in both phases of the oestrous cycle and all endometrium cells types [luminal epithelia (LE), superficial gland epithelia (SG) and deep gland epithelia (DG)]. Immunohistochemistry for cleaved caspase-3 revealed few or no apoptotic stained cells in all endometrium locations during the entire oestrous cycle. However, Ki-67 was significantly higher in the follicular phase than in the early and active luteal phase. Besides, expression of CCP-3 in LE was higher than in SG and DG at the follicular phase and early luteal phase. However, Ki -67 and CCP-3 levels in all endometrium cells types did not significantly change at active luteal phase. Therefore, it is concluded that apoptosis and proliferation were occurred in ewe endometrium in a cyclic pattern and under the influence of the endocrine profile.

scholarly journals Expression Profiles of the Progesterone Receptor, Cyclooxygenase-2, Growth Differentiation Factor 9, and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 Transcripts in the Canine Oviducts during the Oestrous Cycle

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 454
Author(s):  
Jaime Palomino ◽  
Javiera Flores ◽  
Georges Ramirez ◽  
Victor H. Parraguez ◽  
Monica De los Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Cyclooxygenase 2 ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Growth Differentiation Factor 9 ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 ◽  
Cox 2

The gene expression in the canine oviduct, where oocyte maturation, fertilization, and early embryonic development occur, is still elusive. This study determined the oviductal expression of (PR), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF-9), and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP-15) during the canine oestrous cycle. Samples were collected from bitches at anoestrus (9), proestrus (7), oestrus (8), and dioestrus (11), after routine ovariohysterectomy and the ovarian surface structures and plasma progesterone concentration evaluated the physiological status of each donor. The oviductal cells were isolated and pooled. Total RNA was isolated, and gene expression was assessed by qPCR followed by analysis using the t-test and ANOVA. The PR mRNA increased (P < 0.05) from the anoestrus to dioestrus with the plasma progesterone concentration (r = 0.8). COX-2 mRNA expression was low in the anoestrus and proestrus, and negligible in the oestrus, while it was around 10-fold higher (P < 0.05) in the dioestrus. The GDF-9 mRNA was expressed during all phases of the oestrous cycle and was most abundant (P < 0.05) during oestrus phase. The BMP-15 mRNA decreased (P < 0.05) in the anoestrus and proestrus phases. Thus, the transcripts were differentially expressed in a stage-dependent manner, suggesting the importance of oestrous cycle regulation for successful reproduction in dogs.

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