Community-based Health Promotion: An Analysis of Projects Conducted by Divisions of General Practice

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucio Naccarella
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
General Practice ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
Individual Service

A descriptive analysis of community-based health promotion projects conducted by Divisions of General Practice between 1993 and 1994 and in 1996 is provided, and their design, evaluation, impact and appropriateness are considered. A total of 55 community-based health promotion projects were funded between 1993 and 1994. Analysis of the 1993 and 1994 projects revealed that: most project goals and objectives lacked clarity and measurability; almost all projects undertook some form of needs assessment; projects tended not to be targeted; participation rates and reporting varied greatly; and project evaluations were designed to measure process and impact at the individual level, rather than on a system wide level. Fifty comparable community-based health promotion projects were funded in 1996.An analysis of project proposals revealed that they were designed on the whole to be more targeted, intersectoral, collaborative and to use multiple settings and strategies than their 1993 and 1994 counterparts. Projects have increased the visibility and capacity of general practitioners (GPs) to engage in community-based health promotion, and provide evidence that they can do more than individual service provision activities, such as community-based health promotion in a diverse range of settings, and with a broad range of population groups.

Engaging older people in healthy and active lifestyles: a systematic review

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2036-2060 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIA MENICHETTI ◽  
PIETRO CIPRESSO ◽  
DARIO BUSSOLIN ◽  
GUENDALINA GRAFFIGNA
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
World Health ◽  
Active Ageing ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Active Lifestyles ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Health Promotion Interventions ◽  
Older Citizens

ABSTRACTIn 2002, the World Health Organization emphasised the concept of active ageing to manage and increase the last third of life. Although many efforts have been made to optimise treatment management, less attention has been paid to health promotion initiatives. To date, few shared guidelines exist that promote an active life in healthy older targets. To fill this gap, we conducted a systematic review to map health promotion interventions that targeted an active and healthy ageing among older citizens. Articles containing the key term active ageing and seven synonyms were searched for in the electronic databases. Because we were interested in actions aimed to promote healthier lifestyles, we connected the string with the term health. A total of 3,918 titles were retrieved and 20 articles were extracted. Twelve of the 20 studies used group interventions, five interventions targeted the individual level and three interventions targeted the community level. Interventions differed for the health focus of the programmes, which ranged from physical activity interventions to social participation or cognitive functioning. Most of the studies aimed to act on psychological components. The review suggests that different interventions promoted for active ageing are effective in improving specific healthy and active lifestyles; however, no studies were concerned directly with a holistic process of citizen health engagement to improve long-term outcomes.

scholarly journals The Use of Genotoxicity Endpoints as Biomarkers of Low Dose Radiation Exposure in Interventional Cardiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martha Habibi ◽  
Panagiotis K. Karyofyllis ◽  
Aggeliki Nikolakopoulou ◽  
Panagiotis Papagiannis ◽  
Pantelis Karaiskos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Interventional Cardiology ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Cardiac Procedures ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All

The effect of the reportedly low ionizing radiation doses, such as those very often delivered to patients in interventional cardiology, remains ambiguous. As interventional cardiac procedures may have a significant impact on total collective effective dose, there are radiation protection concerns for patients and physicians regarding potential late health effects. Given that very low doses (<100 mSv) are expected to be delivered during these procedures, the purpose of this study was to assess the potency and suitability of current genotoxicity biomarkers to detect and quantitate biological effects essential for risk estimation in interventional cardiology. Specifically, the biomarkers γ-H2AX foci, dicentric chromosomes, and micronuclei, which underpin radiation-induced DNA damage, were studied in blood lymphocytes of 25 adult patients before and after interventional cardiac procedures. Even though the mean values of all patients as a group for all three endpoints tested show increased yields relative to baseline following medical exposure, our results demonstrate that only the γ-H2AX biomarker enables detection of statistically significant differences at the individual level (p < 0.001) for almost all patients (91%). Furthermore, 24 h after exposure, residual γ-H2AX foci were still detectable in irradiated lymphocytes. Their decline was found to vary significantly among the individuals and the repair kinetics of γ-H2AX foci was found to range from 25 to 95.6% of their maximum values obtained.

scholarly journals Characteristics Contributing to Low- and Minimum-Wage Labour in Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 240 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 161-200
Author(s):  
Matthias Dütsch ◽  
Ralf Himmelreicher
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Wage Labour ◽  
Random Intercept ◽  
The Individual

AbstractIn this article we examine the correlation between characteristics of individuals, companies, and industries involved in low-wage labour in Germany and the risks workers face of earning hourly wages that are below the minimum-wage or low-wage thresholds. To identify these characteristics, we use the Structure of Earnings Survey (SES) 2014. The SES is a mandatory survey of companies which provides information on wages and working hours from about 1 million jobs and nearly 70,000 companies from all industries. This data allows us to present the first systematic analysis of the interaction of individual-, company-, and industry-level factors on minimum- and low-wage working in Germany. Using a descriptive analysis, we first give an overview of typical low-paying jobs, companies, and industries. Second, we use random intercept-only models to estimate the explanatory power of the individual, company, and industry levels. One main finding is that the influence of individual characteristics on wage levels is often overstated: Less than 25 % of the differences in the employment situation regarding being employed in minimum-wage or low-wage jobs can be attributed to the individual level. Third, we performed logistic and linear regression estimations to assess the risks of having a minimum- or low-wage job and the distance between a worker’s actual earnings and the minimum- or low-wage thresholds. Our findings allow us to conclude that several determinants related to individuals appear to suggest a high low-wage incidence, but in fact lose their explanatory power once controls are added for factors relating to the companies or industries that employ these individuals.

scholarly journals Individual-level and community-level factors associated with the family planning use among pastoralist community of Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e036519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mussie Alemayehu ◽  
Araya Abrha Medhanyie ◽  
Elizabeth Reed ◽  
Afework Mulugeta
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Pastoralist Community ◽  
The Individual

ObjectiveThe study aimed to identify the effects of the individual-level and community-level factors on the use of family planning (FP) among married women in the pastoralist community of Ethiopia.DesignA community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2018. Data were analysed using R software. To determine the fixed effect of individual-level and community-level factors of FP use, a two-level mixed-effects logistic regression was used. The result was described using the Adjusted OR (AOR), and the variance partition coefficient.Setting and participantsAfar, Ethiopia (2018; n=891) married women of reproductive age (15–49) years.Primary outcome measuresFP use or non-use.ResultsThe current use of FP was 18.7% (16.31%–21.43%). Women who need to walk 1 hour and more to the nearest health facility (AOR 0.14, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.3), have ANC visit of 4 and above (AOR 6.02, 95% CI 1.74 to 20.8), had their last birth at a health facility (AOR 2.71 95% CI 1.27 to 5.81), have five and more children (AOR 4.71, 95% CI 1.86 to 11.9), have high knowledge on FP (AOR 2.74, 95% CI 1.11 to 6.74) and had high intentions to use FP (AOR 10.3, 95% CI 3.85 to 27.6) were more likely to report FP use. The magnitude of the effect of for FP use was smaller than that of 9 of the 13 individual factors. Apart from this 19.4% of the total variance in the odds of using FP attributed to between community difference (intraclass correlation coefficient=0.194). Regarding the community-level characteristics, clusters of having higher electronic media possession (AOR 2.84, 95% CI 1.2 to 6.72) and higher women decision making on FP (AOR 8.35, 95% CI 2.7 to 27.1) were significantly associated with increased FP use compared with clusters with lower reports of these aspects.ConclusionFP use among the pastoralist community is influenced by both individual cluster/community-level characteristics or factors. Even though the effect of clustering in FP use was large in comparison with the unexplained between-cluster variation, it was lower than the individual-level factors.Trail registrtion numberNCT03450564

Disentangling Differences in Homicide Incarceration Rates by Immigration Status: A Comparison in Texas

2020 ◽  
pp. 001112872094096
Author(s):  
Erin A. Orrick ◽  
Alexander H. Updegrove ◽  
Alex R. Piquero ◽  
Tomislav Kovandzic
Keyword(s):  
Undocumented Immigrants ◽  
Immigrant Status ◽  
Immigration Status ◽  
Incarceration Rate ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Immigration And Crime

Research addressing the purported relationship between immigration and crime remains popular, but some gaps remain under-explored. One important gap involves disentangling differences in crime and punishment by immigrant status, as measured across different definitions of immigration status and in relation to U.S. natives, at the individual level. Using data from Texas, results show that native-born U.S. citizens are incarcerated for homicide at higher rates than almost all immigrant groups. While the incarceration rate for undocumented immigrants was 24% greater than the rate for all foreign-citizens, this rate was significantly less than that for U.S. citizens. Among the immigrant status classifications available in this study, all were associated with lower incarceration rates for homicide than that of U.S. citizens.

scholarly journals Analisa Maraknya Pemanfaatan Platform dalam Pengumpulan Zakat Melalui Prespektif Strukturasi Ala Giddens

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Dwiki Faiz
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Digital Tools ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Study Techniques ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Two Sides

The potential and realization of zakat reported by BAZNAS as a government agency are still far from expectations. One indication that appears significantly as a cause of digital sociology is the increasing number of actors using platforms to collect zakat. This then needs to be explored further about its attention, considering the digitization will not be stopped as well. This review is analyzed using a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis through relevant literature study techniques in order to form conceptual/ new findings. The results of the review suggest that it’s easy to find support in the digital age for activism through the use of digital tools. Thus, it’s able to encourage other actors to be involved in seeking and collecting zakat. Like the two sides of the coin, the ease for muzaki in distributing zakat certainly occurs thanks to digitization. On the other hand, the supervision of related stakeholders down to the individual level as zakat/ alms collectors must be considered, especially from BAZNAS. If this is not the case, the distribution of zakat can be misused due to its own interests. In the future, because they can’t cut off the development of digital devices and actors, juggernaut symptoms will occur.

scholarly journals Availability restrictions and alcohol consumption: A case of restricted hours of alcohol sales in Russian regions

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Kolosnitsyna ◽  
Marat Sitdikov ◽  
Natalia Khorkina
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Monitoring Survey ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Alcohol Sales

Kolosnitsyna, M., Sitdikov, M., & Khorkina, N. (2014). Availability restrictions and alcohol consumption: A case of restricted hours of alcohol sales in Russian regions. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 3(3), 193 – 201. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v3i3.154Aim: To determine how new restrictions on hours of alcohol retail sales influence alcohol consumption in Russia.Design: Natural experiment with combined regional and micro-data.Setting/Participants: Cross-sectional samples from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, corresponding to waves 18 and 19, years 2009–2010, 32 Russian regions and more than 7,000 adults (aged 15 and up) consuming alcohol at least once per month.Measures: Descriptive analysis of per capita alcohol sales at the regional level and regression analysis of pure spirit consumption at the individual level, controlling for various socioeconomic factors, including sales bans.Findings: We revealed a significant positive correlation between the amount of alcohol consumed and the number of hours of allowed alcohol sales when other factors were controlled. The results gained from analyzing the micro-data were confirmed using the regional sales information. In terms of drinking reduction, sales restrictions in the evening hours seem more efficient than restrictions in the morning hours. Restricted hours of sale do not increase consumption of beer or home-distilled alcohol.Conclusions: Alcohol consumption depends on the hours of sale, all else being equal. Restricting the legal hours of alcohol sales in Russian regions has the potential to reduce consumption levels. These findings indicate a need for a further reduction in sales hours in the regions where heavy drinking is especially widespread.

scholarly journals Knowledge of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis among immigrant Asian gay men living in New Zealand

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery Adams ◽  
Rommel Coquilla ◽  
Jed Montayre ◽  
Stephen Neville
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Primary Care Services ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Hiv Acquisition ◽  
Risk Of Hiv Acquisition ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTIONHIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a new bio-medical means of reducing the risk of HIV infection. It’s use by individuals at high risk of HIV acquisition is recommended. AimsThis study identifies the ways immigrant Asian gay men living in New Zealand talk about and understand issues related to PrEP. METHODSA qualitative descriptive methodology was used. Individual interviews were conducted with 18 immigrant Asian gay men who were not users of PrEP. Participants were aged 21 – 36 years and one-third had arrived in New Zealand within 3 years of completing the interview. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTSThree themes evident across the men’s talk in relation to pre-exposure prophylaxis were identified: ‘I’m not sure what PrEP is’; ‘PrEP is not proven’; and ‘PrEP is for others, not me’. DISCUSSIONPrEP is necessary for working towards the elimination of HIV. To improve uptake among Asian gay men, improved literacy around HIV and pre-exposure prophylaxis is required. This knowledge needs to be improved at both the individual level in primary care services and collectively through health promotion initiatives. These services and health promotion initiatives need to be provided in ways that encourage engagement by Asian gay men.

scholarly journals Studying micro dynamics in civil wars: introduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roos Haer ◽  
Johannes Vüllers ◽  
Nils B. Weidmann
Keyword(s):  
Civil Wars ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Sovereign State ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Peace And Conflict Studies ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThis article introduces the special issue on the micro-level dynamics of civil wars. Until recently, most empirical work on these conflicts and their consequences has focused on the level of the sovereign state. In contrast, a micro-level approach is categorized by three distinct—albeit intertwined—features: a disaggregation by actors, time and space, interdisciplinarity, and the reliance on a set of different methods for the collection of data. The contributors to this special issue illustrate different approaches to the study of micro-level dynamics. The first part of the Special Issue provides new insights into the international level of civil war affects local conflict dynamics. The second part of the Special Issue is focused on the dynamics occurring at the group and the individual level. The diverse range of contributions to this Special Issue not only illustrate the scientific potential of the individual approaches to micro dynamics of armed conflict, but also the more general contributions that this kind of approach can offer to peace and conflict studies.

“Recommended” versus “Preferred” in Design and Use of Computer Workstations

1988 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 501-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Povlotsky ◽  
Vitaly Dubrovsky
Keyword(s):  
Population Level ◽  
Computer Hardware ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Settings Approach ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Office Furniture

Due to the recent development of adjustable office furniture and elements of computer hardware, a new “preferred settings” approach to VDT workstation (VDTW) design has emerged in opposition to the traditional recommended standards. This approach studies the “recommended - preferred” controversy on the population level in terms of means, ranges, and percentiles and sets new dimensions and ranges of adjustment for the design of the VDTW components. While the VDTW's components are designed in a view of population, they are used by individuals. This paper raises the issue of studying the “recommended - preferred” controversy on the individual level in relation to the task of customizing VDTW's for individual users. Preferred individual adjustments of the experimental VDTW made by 23 subjects were compared to the respective, recommended individual adjustments. Although all recommended-preferred differences were statistically significant, almost all preferred values were either very close to the corresponding recommended values or deviated from the recommended optima without exceeding the recommended ranges. The paper discusses implications of this result for the customizing of the VDTW's for individual users.

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