Patterns of alcohol consumption among people with major chronic diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thi Thu Le Pham ◽  
Sarah Callinan ◽  
Michael Livingston
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Risky Alcohol ◽  
National Drug ◽  
Increased Risk

Risky alcohol use places those with existing chronic conditions at increased risk of medical complications. Yet, there is little research assessing the alcohol consumption among this group. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of risky drinking among people with a range of chronic diseases. As part of the 2013 National Drug Strategy Household Survey (NDSHS), 22684 Australians aged ≥18 years answered questions about their experience of chronic diseases and their drinking patterns. Nearly 18% (CI: 17.2–19.3) of people with chronic disease reported drinking at a long-term risky level, roughly the same rate as those without chronic disease (19.3%, (CI: 18.6–20.2)). Nearly one-quarter, 24% (CI: 23.0–25.3), of people with chronic diseases drank at levels of increased short-term risk, significantly less than the rest of the sample. Respondents with mental illness were more likely to drink at risky levels than the rest of the sample, while the reverse was true of those with diabetes. Overall, those with chronic diseases have similar drinking patterns to the rest of the population, despite increased risks associated with this consumption. Regular screening and subsequent brief interventions for those with chronic disease, particularly mental illness and cancer, are recommended.

scholarly journals Epigenetics and DOHaD: from basics to birth and beyond

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 513-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Bianco-Miotto ◽  
J. M. Craig ◽  
Y. P. Gasser ◽  
S. J. van Dijk ◽  
S. E. Ozanne
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Metabolic Health ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Early Life Environment ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Early Life Exposures

Developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) is the study of how the early life environment can impact the risk of chronic diseases from childhood to adulthood and the mechanisms involved. Epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs are involved in mediating how early life environment impacts later health. This review is a summary of the Epigenetics and DOHaD workshop held at the 2016 DOHaD Society of Australia and New Zealand Conference. Our extensive knowledge of how the early life environment impacts later risk for chronic disease would not have been possible without animal models. In this review we highlight some animal model examples that demonstrate how an adverse early life exposure results in epigenetic and gene expression changes that may contribute to increased risk of chronic disease later in life. Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease are chronic diseases with an increasing incidence due to the increased number of children and adults that are obese. Epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation have been shown to be associated with metabolic health measures and potentially predict future metabolic health status. Although more difficult to elucidate in humans, recent studies suggest that DNA methylation may be one of the epigenetic mechanisms that mediates the effects of early life exposures on later life risk of obesity and obesity related diseases. Finally, we discuss the role of the microbiome and how it is a new player in developmental programming and mediating early life exposures on later risk of chronic disease.

scholarly journals Perceptions of risk in pregnancy with chronic disease: A systematic review and thematic synthesis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254956
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Ralston ◽  
Priscilla Smith ◽  
Joseph Chilcot ◽  
Sergio A. Silverio ◽  
Kate Bramham
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Pregnancy Risk ◽  
Thematic Synthesis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
In Pregnancy

Background Women with chronic disease are at increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Pregnancies which pose higher risk, often require increased medical supervision and intervention. How women perceive their pregnancy risk and its impact on health behaviour is poorly understood. The aim of this systematic review of qualitative literature is to evaluate risk perceptions of pregnancy in women with chronic disease. Methods Eleven electronic databases including grey literature were systematically searched for qualitative studies published in English which reported on pregnancy, risk perception and chronic disease. Full texts were reviewed by two researchers, independently. Quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Qualitative checklist and data were synthesised using a thematic synthesis approach. The analysis used all text under the findings or results section from each included paper as data. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO. Results Eight studies were included in the review. Three themes with sub-themes were constructed from the analysis including: Information Synthesis (Sub-themes: Risk to Self and Risk to Baby), Psychosocial Factors (Sub-themes: Emotional Response, Self-efficacy, Healthcare Relationship), and Impact on Behaviour (Sub-themes: Perceived Risk and Objective Risk). Themes fitted within an overarching concept of Balancing Act. The themes together inter-relate to understand how women with chronic disease perceive their risk in pregnancy. Conclusions Women’s pregnancy-related behaviour and engagement with healthcare services appear to be influenced by their perception of pregnancy risk. Women with chronic disease have risk perceptions which are highly individualised. Assessment and communication of women’s pregnancy risk should consider their own understanding and perception of risk. Different chronic diseases introduce diverse pregnancy risks and further research is needed to understand women’s risk perceptions in specific chronic diseases.

Performance of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)

2017 ◽  
pp. 327-343
Author(s):  
Deepika Dubey ◽  
Deepanshu Dubey ◽  
Uday Pratap Singh
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Service Oriented Architecture ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
Data Passing

A service-oriented architecture is combination of services having different platforms for implementation. These services are combined, used by, and communicate with each other. The communication is done by massage or data passing. Communication is done by interacting with each other based on different platforms. Chronic diseases are long-term illness that require observation with heavy treatments by the doctors and special attention by family members. Chronic diseases are Alzheimer's disease, Addiction, Autoimmune diseases, Blindness, Rheumatoid arthritis, Chronic renal failure, Chronic Kidney Disease, Deafness and hearing impairment, Hypertension, Mental illness, Thyroid disease, Blood Pressure abnormalities.

Chronic Diseases and Natural Hazards: Impact of Disasters on Diabetic, Renal, and Cardiac Patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Miller ◽  
Bonnie Arquilla
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Cardiac Patients ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Fluid Restriction ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Relief Efforts

AbstractBackground:Inadequately controlled chronic diseases may present a threat to life and well-being during the emergency response phase of disasters. Chronic disease exacerbations (CDE) account for one of the largest patient populations during disasters, and patients are at increased risk for adverse outcomes.Objective:The objective of this study was to assess the burden of chronic renal failure, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease during disasters due to natural hazards, identify impediments to care, and propose solutions to improve the disaster preparation and management of CDE.Methods:A thorough search of the PubMed, Ovid, and Medline databases was performed. Dr. Miller's personal international experiences treating CDE after disasters due to natural hazards, such as the 2005 Kashmir earthquake, are included.Discussion:Chronic disease exacerbations comprise a sizable disease burden during disasters related to natural hazards. Surveys estimate that 25–40% of those living in the regions affected by hurricanes Katrina and Rita lived with at least one chronic disease. Chronic illness accounted for 33% of visits, peaking 10 days after hurricane landfall. The international nephrology community has responded to dialysis needs by forming a well-organized and effective organization called the Renal Disaster Relief Task Force (RDRTF). The response to the needs of diabetic and cardiac patients has been less vigorous.Patients must be familiar with emergency diet and renal fluid restriction plans, possible modification of dialysis schedules and methods, and rescue treatments such as the administration of kayexalate. Facilities may consider investing in water-independent extracorporeal dialysis techniques as a rescue treatment. In addition to patient databases and medical alert identification, diabetics should maintain an emergency medical kit. Diabetic patients must be taught and practice the carbohydrate counting technique. In addition to improved planning, responding agencies and organizations must bring adequate supplies and medications to care for diabetic, cardiac, and renal patients during relief efforts.Conclusions:By recognizing and addressing impediments to the care of chronic disease exacerbations after natural disasters, the quality, delivery, and effectiveness of the care provided to diabetic patients during relief efforts can be improved.

scholarly journals Gender Specificity of Spousal Concordance in the Development of Chronic Disease Among Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Couples:  A Prospective Dyadic Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liao ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Jinzhao Xie ◽  
Jing Gu
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Dyadic Analysis ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Gender Specificity ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Spousal Concordance ◽  
Older Chinese

Abstract Background This study aimed to explore the gender specificity of spousal concordance in the development of chronic diseases among middle-aged and older Chinese couples. Methods Data of 3420 couples (husbands: mean age, 57.5 years, SD = 8.5; wives: mean age, 55.6 years, SD = 8.0) were obtained from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the incidence of chronic disease development over 4 years, conditional on the spousal baseline chronic disease status; and stepwise adjusting for the couples’ sociodemographic characteristics (i.e. age, education, retirement status and household income), and their individual lifestyle (i.e. smoking, drinking, exercise, social participation and (pre-)obesity) all measured at baseline. Results The incidence of chronic diseases after 4 years of follow-up was 34.5% in the husbands (727/2110) and 37.2% in the wives (882/2371). Taking the couples’ baseline sociodemographic and lifestyle covariates into account, husbands whose wife had a chronic disease at baseline showed an increased risk of developing a chronic disease over 4 years (ORadjusted=1.37, 95% CI:1.14,1.63), but this risk was not statistically-significant for wives (ORadjusted=1.16, 95%CI:0.97,1.40). Conclusions Our study identified gender specificity of spousal concordance in the development of chronic diseases among middle-aged and older- Chinese couples. This finding may contribute to the design of couple-based intervention for disease prevention and management for community-dwelling older adults.

scholarly journals Ketogenic Diets and Chronic Disease: Weighing the Benefits Against the Risks

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Crosby ◽  
Brenda Davis ◽  
Shivam Joshi ◽  
Meghan Jardine ◽  
Jennifer Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets have been long been used to reduce seizure frequency and more recently have been promoted for a variety of health conditions, including obesity, diabetes, and liver disease. Ketogenic diets may provide short-term improvement and aid in symptom management for some chronic diseases. Such diets affect diet quality, typically increasing intake of foods linked to chronic disease risk and decreasing intake of foods found to be protective in epidemiological studies. This review examines the effects of ketogenic diets on common chronic diseases, as well as their impact on diet quality and possible risks associated with their use. Given often-temporary improvements, unfavorable effects on dietary intake, and inadequate data demonstrating long-term safety, for most individuals, the risks of ketogenic diets may outweigh the benefits.

scholarly journals The Presence Of Non-Drinking Parent Behavioral Model In A Family Prevents Adolescents From Social Alcohol

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galya D. Chamova ◽  
Georgi M. Sarov
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Parental Modeling ◽  
Social Drinkers ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Social Drinking ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Parental Alcohol

Summary Parental alcohol drinking is associated with an increased risk of alcohol consumption in adolescents and social drinking is often the first step to regular alcohol consumption. The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between social drinking in adolescence and parental alcohol consumption. We conducted a survey, using a self-completed questionnaire about alcohol drinking habits. Of 903 students (aged 15-19), 279 (30.9%) were found to be abstainers (NDA) and 455 (50.39%) were social drinkers (SDA). These two groups were statistically compared for drinking patterns of their parents. It was found that SDA are fourfold less likely than NDA to have two alcohol abstaining parents (OR=0.26, 95%CI =0.19-0.37) and fourfold more likely to have two alcohol drinking parents (OR=3.89, 95%CI =2.77-5.45). There were no significant differences between SDA and NDA regarding probability to have one abstaining and one socially drinking parent, and SDA were less likely to have one abstaining and one regularly drinking parent (OR=0.54, 0.37-0.8). The social learning theory explains well adolescent drinking patterns when there is no contradiction in parental modeling. It seems, however, that the presence of contradicting patterns of parental alcohol drinking needs another explanation. Since contradicting parental modeling prevents adolescents from social drinking, it could be considered in health prevention intervention.

scholarly journals Understanding acute burn injury as a chronic disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy W. Barrett ◽  
Vanessa S. Fear ◽  
Jason C. Waithman ◽  
Fiona M. Wood ◽  
Mark W. Fear
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Burn Care ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Initial Injury ◽  
Risk Of Cancer

Abstract While treatment for burn injury has improved significantly over the past few decades, reducing mortality and improving patient outcomes, recent evidence has revealed that burn injury is associated with a number of secondary pathologies, many of which arise long after the initial injury has healed. Population studies have linked burn injury with increased risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, nervous system disorders, diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders, gastrointestinal disease, infections, anxiety and depression. The wide range of secondary pathologies indicates that burn can cause sustained disruption of homeostasis, presenting new challenges for post-burn care. Understanding burn injury as a chronic disease will improve patient care, providing evidence for better long-term support and monitoring of patients. Through focused research into the mechanisms underpinning long-term dysfunction, a better understanding of burn injury pathology may help with the development of preventative treatments to improve long-term health outcomes. The review will outline evidence of long-term health effects, possible mechanisms linking burn injury to long-term health and current research into burns as a chronic disease.

scholarly journals Comorbidity associated with Severe Mental illness (The APNA study)

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Aguinaga-Ontoso ◽  
A Brugos-Larumbe ◽  
S Guillén-Aguinaga
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract People with severe mental illness (SMI) that includes bipolar disorder or schizophrenia die on average 10-20 years sooner than the general population. Poor mental health can negatively affect quality of life and life expectancy more so than having multiple physical illnesses. The division between health services treating mental and physical health often means that patients suffering from both physical and mental conditions are at particular risk of poor care. Although more than 50 million people in the EU suffer multiple from more than one chronic disease, it is not well know the comorbidity associated with severe mental illness. Methods The study is a cross-sectional study within the APNA Study (Navarre primary health care prospective cohort) that included 470942 people over 18 years old in Navarre (Spain). Age, sex, chronic diseases diagnosis and SMI) that includes (bipolar disorder or schizophrenia were extracted. Lineal regression models for the number of chronic disease were computed. Logistic regression adjusted by sex and age, was computed for each chronic disease. Results Adjusting by age and sex, people with SMI have 1.47 (95% CI 1.44-1.50) more chronic diseases than people without SMI. Adjusting by age and sex, persons with SMI have a higher prevalence of comorbidity: OR = 13.29 (95% CI = 12.27-14.36). Patients with SMI have a higher prevalence of asthma OR = 1.41 (95% CI 1.21-1.64), COPD OR = 2.30 (95% CI 2.51-3.35), Type 2 DM OR = 1.50 (95% CI 1.31-1.70) hyperthyroidism OR = 1.63 (95% CI 1.26-2.10), Chronic kidney disease OR = 1.,43 (95% IC 1.10-1.88), Obesity OR = 1.68 (95% CI 1.47-1,92) and Hypothyroidism OR 1.63 (95% IC 1.43-1,85). Conclusions Patients with severe mental illness have a higher prevalence of comorbidity than the general population with an OR of 13.29. Health service should screen patient with severe mental illness for chronic diseases due to their high prevalence and mortality. Key messages Patients with severe mental illness die on average 10-20 years sooner than the general population this could be to a higher prevalence of comorbidity. Health services should screen patients with severe mental illness for chronic diseases due to their higher prevalence.

scholarly journals Estimating Long-Term Drinking Patterns for People with Lifetime Alcohol Use Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 765-780
Author(s):  
Carolina Barbosa ◽  
William N. Dowd ◽  
Arnie P. Aldridge ◽  
Christine Timko ◽  
Gary A. Zarkin
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
World Health ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
Very High

Background. There is a lack of data on alcohol consumption over time. This study characterizes the long-term drinking patterns of people with lifetime alcohol use disorders who have engaged in treatment or informal care. Methods. We developed multinomial logit models using the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) to estimate short-term transition probabilities (TPs) among the 4 World Health Organization drinking risk levels (low, medium, high, and very high risk) and abstinence by age, sex, and race/ethnicity. We applied an optimization algorithm to convert 3-year TPs from NESARC to 1-year TPs, then used simulated annealing to calibrate TPs to a propensity-scored matched set of participants derived from a separate 16-year study of alcohol consumption. We validated the resulting long-term TPs using NESARC-III, a cross-sectional study conducted on a different cohort. Results. Across 24 demographic groups, the 1-year probability of remaining in the same state averaged 0.93, 0.81, 0.49, 0.51, and 0.63 for abstinent, low, medium, high, and very high-risk states, respectively. After calibration to the 16-year study data ( N = 420), resulting TPs produced state distributions that hit the calibration target. We find that the abstinent or low-risk states are very stable, and the annual probability of leaving the very high-risk state increases by about 20 percentage points beyond 8 years. Limitations. TPs for some demographic groups had small cell sizes. The data used to calibrate long-term TPs are based on a geographically narrow study. Conclusions. This study is the first to characterize long-term drinking patterns by combining short-term representative data with long-term data on drinking behaviors. Current research is using these patterns to estimate the long-term cost effectiveness of alcohol treatment.

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