Emergency department mental health presentations by people born in refugee source countries: an epidemiological logistic regression study in a Medicare Local region in Australia

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne C. Enticott ◽  
I-Hao Cheng ◽  
Grant Russell ◽  
Josef Szwarc ◽  
George Braitberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Refugee Status ◽  
Model Stability ◽  
Interpreter Use ◽  
Source Countries ◽  
Age And Sex

This study investigated if people born in refugee source countries are disproportionately represented among those receiving a diagnosis of mental illness within emergency departments (EDs). The setting was the Cities of Greater Dandenong and Casey, the resettlement region for one-twelfth of Australia’s refugees. An epidemiological, secondary data analysis compared mental illness diagnoses received in EDs by refugee and non-refugee populations. Data was the Victorian Emergency Minimum Dataset in the 2008–09 financial year. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression created predictive models for mental illness using five variables: age, sex, refugee background, interpreter use and preferred language. Collinearity, model fit and model stability were examined. Multivariate analysis showed age and sex to be the only significant risk factors for mental illness diagnosis in EDs. ‘Refugee status’, ‘interpreter use’ and ‘preferred language’ were not associated with a mental health diagnosis following risk adjustment for the effects of age and sex. The disappearance of the univariate association after adjustment for age and sex is a salutary lesson for Medicare Locals and other health planners regarding the importance of adjusting analyses of health service data for demographic characteristics.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with the 30-Day and 1-Year Smoking Abstinence of Women in Korea: The Effect of Nicotine Dependency, Self-Efficacy, and Mental Illness

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11171
Author(s):  
Bo-Yoon Jeong ◽  
Min-Kyung Lim ◽  
Sang-Hwa Shin ◽  
Yu-Ri Han ◽  
Jin-Kyoung Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Nicotine Dependency

Despite the success of tobacco control efforts in reducing smoking rates during the past 50 years, data on the factors contributing to quitting success are still lacking. Smoking-related mortality among women has also not declined. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize sociodemographic features, smoking-related behaviors, mental illness, and smoking cessation in woman smokers in Korea who were registered in the Quitline program. Furthermore, factors associated with 30-day and 1-year successful smoking cessation after enrollment in the Quitline program were investigated. A total of 3360 adult woman Quitline users from 2007 to 2018 were included in the final analysis, with information on their age, education level, marital status, body mass index, frequency of alcohol consumption per month, nicotine dependency, self-efficacy for smoking cessation, presence of a smoking cessation supporter, and mental health history collected upon registration with the Quitline program in Korea. Their cessation outcome was investigated with a 1-year follow-up until the end of 2019. A multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify factors associated with smoking cessation at the 30-day and 1-year follow-ups. The results of the multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that lower nicotine dependency, higher self-efficacy, and the presence of a smoking cessation supporter improved the odds of smoking cessation at the 30-day and 1-year follow-ups. In contrast, users with a mental health condition were less likely to achieve smoking cessation. Incorporating methods to increase self-efficacy in women who decide to quit smoking will contribute to facilitating more attempts to quit and achieving greater success in smoking cessation among woman smokers.

scholarly journals LO62: Systolic blood pressure is a strong predictive marker for TIA and mild stroke in younger patients

CJEM ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
pp. S49
Author(s):  
C. Sedgwick ◽  
M. Bibok ◽  
N.S. Croteau ◽  
M.L. Lesperance ◽  
R. Balshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Younger Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Age And Sex

Introduction: Age and systolic blood pressure (SBP) are important predictors of Acute Cerebrovascular Syndrome (ACVS). Yet, the effect of SBP is confounded by age, making its independent contribution to ACVS risk difficult to quantify. Here we use logistic regression to explore the role of SBP in younger and older ED patients. Methods: Data comprised 1019 ED patients (ACVS 70%, 30% non-ACVS) enrolled during a 28-month period of an ongoing prospective, observational, multi-site stroke biomarker study (SpecTRA). We used logistic regression to examine the effects of age, sex, and the age:SBP interaction as predictive markers of the diagnosis of ACVS. Results: Participants (53% male) ranged in age from 18 to 97 years (Q1=58, median=70, Q3=80). SBP ranged from 84 to 248 mmHg (Q1=137, median=154, Q3=174). In our initial regression model, age, sex, SBP and the age:SBP interaction were all significant (p<0.01). Using cubic regression splines for age, sbp and their interaction yields the same conclusion (p<0.01). To better understand the role of SBP in younger vs. older patients, we stratified the sample at the median age (70 years of age). In the younger group (n=510), participants were 55% male, 60% ACVS, and had SBP ranging from 91 to 236 mmHg (Q1=133, median=148, Q3=165). In the older group (n=509), participants were 51% male, 82% ACVS and had SBP ranging from 84 to 248 mmHg (Q1=143, median=159, Q3=179), a shift of approximately 10 mmHg between the groups. The logistic regression model was then fit separately to each group without the age:SBP interaction term. In the younger group, we found SBP to be highly significant (p<0.001), with an odds-ratio (OR) of 1.18 per 10 mmHg (95% CI: 1.10-1.29). In the older group, we found that SBP was not significant (p=0.91), with an OR of 1.00 per 10 mmHg (95% CI: 0.91-1.08). Age and sex were also significant risk factors in the younger group (each p<0.01), though not in the older group (both p>0.07). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that for ED patients suspected of ACVS, SBP is a clinically relevant predictor for younger patients, with higher SBP associated with an increased risk of ACVS, regardless of patient age and sex. SBP does not appear to be a strong predictor for patients over 70. ED physicians can leverage this finding by attributing greater importance to elevated SBP in younger patients than older patients when working toward a clinical suspicion of ACVS.

scholarly journals The conceptual development of mental health and illness in preschool children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanna Bell
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Conceptual Development ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Moral Code ◽  
Deviant Peers ◽  
Mental Health And Illness ◽  
Health And Illness

Children with a mental illness may be at a significant risk of suffering from negative social evaluations and the exclusion of their peers. This paper examined healthy preschool children's earliest conceptual constructions of mental health and illness through two elected representations - the term crazy and depictions of emotionally and behaviourally deviant peers. Interviews with eleven preschool children reveal the concept of mental illness has yet to be constructed from a psychological standpoint. However, preschool children are highly sensitive to social-conventional as well as higher moral codes and discriminate against peers' who violate these codes, particulary those who display anti-social tendencies. Findings suggest that preschool is a formative period for establishing negative attitudes towards social and moral code violating behaviours that are often the symptoms of psychiatric conditions and which may represent the onset of more complex and enduring patterns of inter-group intolerance and discrimination. Implications for education are provided.

scholarly journals Mental health literacy and quality of life in Iran: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Jafari ◽  
Mahbobeh Nejatian ◽  
Vahideh Momeniyan ◽  
Fatemeh Ramezani Barsalani ◽  
Hadi Tehrani
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Mental Health Literacy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Mental health is one of the effective factors in the quality of life of people. The aim of the present study was to determine the status of mental health literacy (MHL) and its relationship with the quality of life across the Iranian general population. Methods In this cross-sectional study, a multi-stage sampling method was used to survey 1070 participants from the city of Gonabad (Iran). The data collection tools were demographics section, mental health literacy scale (MHLS), and quality of life (SF-12) questionnaires. The data was analyzed by SPSS software version 24 using Independent sample t- test, One- way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and logistic regression. Results The mean and standard deviation of the total scores of MHL and quality of life were 113.54 (10.34) and 35.26 (6.42), respectively. The results revealed that there was a significant positive correlation between MHL and the quality of life (p < 0.001). In this study, there was a significant relationship between variables of sex, level of education, plus received information about mental illness and MHL (p < 0.001). The quality of life was higher in participants whose family members did not have a mental illness, had a high-income level, and received information about mental illness (p < 0.001). Logistic regression indicated that there was a significant relationship between the ability to recognize mental disorders plus knowledge of where to seek information and obtaining information related to mental health (p < 0.001). Conclusion Based on the results of this study, there was a correlation between health literacy and quality of life, and more attention should be paid to MHL. Thus, appropriate programs should be designed and implemented to enhance the level of MHL.

Contextual housing environment and mental health of asylum seekers – a multi-level analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Mohsenpour ◽  
L Biddle ◽  
K Bozorgmehr
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Random Sample ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Housing Environment ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High

Abstract Background Housing is an important determinant of health among asylum seekers and refugees (ASR). Little is known about the effects of contextual housing environment. We used state-wide reliable and valid data to examine these effects on ASR mental health. Methods We drew a balanced random sample of 58 shared refugee accommodation centers (SRA) from 1938 centres with 70,634 ASR in Germany's 3rd largest federal state. We measured depression (PHQ2) and anxiety (GAD2) using established instruments in nine languages. We assessed physical housing environment with a validated multi-dimensional Small-area Housing Environment Deterioration index (SHED). Linking survey- and SHED-data to GIS- and secondary data sources on accommodation size and remoteness, district urbanity and deprivation, we used multi-level logistic regression to calculate exposure effects and 95 % confidence intervals (CI), while adjusting for age, sex, relocations and chronic illness. Results Of 412 ASR living in 58 SRA, 45.0% of inhabitants and 35.7% of SRA were rated as having a high/very high degree of deterioration. The odds for reporting symptoms of generalized anxiety increased for the highest degree of deterioration (1.30; 0.37-4.55), large accommodation size (1.01; 1.00-1.03), remoteness (1.63; 0.61 - 4.36), district urbanity (1.67; 0.66-4.20) and deprivation (1.33; 0.60-2.92). The odds of depression symptoms increased in SRA with highest deterioration (1.98; 0.74-5.33) and accommodation remoteness (1.10; 0.48-2.52), decreased in SRA with district urbanity (0.63; 0.31-1.28) and district deprivation (0.66; 0.36-1.23) but not large accommodation size (1.00; 0.99-1.02). Conclusions Almost half of ASR are living in SRA with high/very high degree of deterioration. There is a general tendency of higher odds for mental illness symptoms conditional on housing environment. Future analyses with sample size calculations are needed to better understand these health associations for shared refugee accommodation. Key messages We described contextual housing environment, i.e. degree of deterioration, accommodation size, remoteness, urbanity and deprivation, of a balanced random sample of 58 shared refugee accommodations. In multi-level logistic regression, contextual housing environment tends to be associated with higher odds for reporting symptoms of mental illness.

scholarly journals Refugees, the asylum system and mental healthcare in Ireland

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly O'Connell ◽  
Richard Duffy ◽  
Niall Crumlish
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Mental Healthcare ◽  
Refugee Status ◽  
Current Health ◽  
Refugee Mental Health ◽  
Service Policy ◽  
Refugees And Asylum Seekers

The number of people seeking refugee status in Ireland is increasing year on year and the burden of mental illness experienced by refugees and asylum seekers is high. The College of Psychiatrists of Ireland has recommended the establishment of a number of specialist refugee mental health teams. In this paper we discuss the Irish asylum system, the Irish evidence regarding mental illness in this population, and current health service policy regarding refugee mental health. We propose a model of specialist refugee mental healthcare delivery.

scholarly journals Improvement for most, but not all: changes in newspaper coverage of mental illness from 2008 to 2019 in England

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hildersley ◽  
L. Potts ◽  
C. Anderson ◽  
C. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Wald Test ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Newspaper Coverage ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Keyword Searches

Abstract Aims Time to Change, an anti-stigma programme in England, has worked to reduce stigma relating to mental illness in many facets of life. Newspaper reports are an important factor in shaping public attitudes towards mental illnesses, as well as working as a barometer reflecting public opinion. This study aims to assess the way that coverage of mental health topics and different mental illnesses has changed since 2008. Method Articles covering mental health in 18 different newspapers were retrieved using keyword searches on two randomly chosen days of each month in 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2016 and 2019. A content analysis approach using a structured coding framework was used to extract information from the articles. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the change in odds of each hypothesised stigmatising or anti-stigmatising element occurring in 2019 compared to 2008 and 2016 with a Wald test to assess the overall significance of year as a predictor in the model. Further logistic regression models were used to assess the association between the diagnosis that an article was about and the odds that it was stigmatising, and whether this relationship is moderated by year of publication. Results A total of 6731 articles were analysed, and there was a significant increase in anti-stigmatising articles in 2019 compared to 2008 (OR 3.16 (2.60–3.84), p < 0.001) and 2016 (OR 1.40 (1.16–1.69), p < 0.001). Of the 5142 articles that specified a diagnosis, articles about schizophrenia were 6.37 times more likely to be stigmatising than articles about other diagnoses (OR 6.37 (3.05–13.29) p < 0.001), and there was evidence that the strength of this relationship significantly interacted with the year an article was published (p = 0.010). Articles about depression were significantly less likely to be stigmatising (OR 0.59 (0.69–0.85) p = 0.018) than those about other diagnoses, while there was no difference in coverage of eating disorders v. other diagnoses (OR 1.37 (0.67–2.80) p = 0.386); neither of these relationships showed an interaction with the year of publication. Conclusion Anti-stigma programmes should continue to work with newspapers to improve coverage of mental illness. However, interventions should consider providing specific guidance and promote awareness of rarer mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia, and evaluation should examine whether reductions in stigma extend to people with all mental illness diagnoses.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Metabolic Syndrome among Patients with Severe Mental Illness Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Southwest Uganda

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Collins Agaba ◽  
Richard Migisha ◽  
Rosemary Namayanja ◽  
Godfrey Katamba ◽  
Henry Mark Lugobe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Health Clinic

Globally, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components which are the major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, is higher among patients with severe mental illness (SMI) compared to the general population. This is mainly due to the deleterious lifestyles characterized by physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, smoking, and unhealthy diets common among patients with SMI as well as due to cardiometabolic effects of psychotropic medications. Despite these conditions being highly prevalent among patients with SMI, little attention is given to these conditions during routine reviews in the mental health clinics in most low-income countries including Uganda. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of MetS among patients with SMI at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH), a tertiary hospital in southwestern Uganda. Through a cross-sectional study at the mental health clinic of the hospital, we recruited 304 patients with SMI and evaluated them for MetS using the National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III) criteria. We defined the prevalence of MetS as the proportion of patients meeting the NCEP ATP III criteria. We used logistic regression to evaluate associations between MetS and independent variables. We included a total of 302 (44.37% male, 55.63% female) patients with a diagnosis of SMI in the analysis. The prevalence of MetS was 23.51% (95% CI 18.84–28.71). At multivariable logistic regression, age >40 years and long duration of mental illness (>10 years) were significantly associated with MetS. The prevalence of MetS is high among patients with psychiatric disorders, and thus metabolic screening, especially among the high-risk groups, is critical.

scholarly journals The conceptual development of mental health and illness in preschool children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanna Bell
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Preschool Children ◽  
Conceptual Development ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Formative Period ◽  
Moral Code ◽  
Deviant Peers ◽  
Mental Health And Illness ◽  
Health And Illness

Children with a mental illness may be at a significant risk of suffering from negative social evaluations and the exclusion of their peers. This paper examined healthy preschool children's earliest conceptual constructions of mental health and illness through two elected representations - the term crazy and depictions of emotionally and behaviourally deviant peers. Interviews with eleven preschool children reveal the concept of mental illness has yet to be constructed from a psychological standpoint. However, preschool children are highly sensitive to social-conventional as well as higher moral codes and discriminate against peers' who violate these codes, particulary those who display anti-social tendencies. Findings suggest that preschool is a formative period for establishing negative attitudes towards social and moral code violating behaviours that are often the symptoms of psychiatric conditions and which may represent the onset of more complex and enduring patterns of inter-group intolerance and discrimination. Implications for education are provided.

scholarly journals New Horizons: COVID-19 and the Burden of Neuropsychiatric Illness in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (COVID19-S4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali M Hashmi ◽  
Haider Ali Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Psychosocial Effects ◽  
New Horizons ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Regional Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Illness

This manuscript reviews the current state of knowledge about the burden of mental illness and assesses the impact of COVID-19 illness on mental health in Pakistan. For this we analyzed secondary data obtained from the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study draws from a wide range of data sources to quantify global and regional effects of a disease. We also did a literature search on the effects of COVID-19 illness on mental health and the psychosocial effects of COVID-19 and other Corona virus related illnesses such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Data from the studies obtained was utilized to extrapolate the anticipated effects of COVID-19 illness on healthcare workers, COVID-19 patients and the general public in Pakistan. Mental illness poses a significant challenge to Pakistan’s under resourced health care system. COVID-19 has the potential to strain Pakistan’s healthcare system to the breaking point. So far, the general morbidity from COVID-19 illness in Pakistan has been low compared to other countries but this could change in the coming weeks and months. Hidden within this crisis are also some opportunities for both healthcare and education. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2792 How to cite this:Hashmi AM, Saleem HA. New Horizons: COVID-19 and the Burden of Neuropsychiatric Illness in Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(COVID19-S4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.COVID19-S4.2792 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document