Rhizobium Inoculation Induces Condition-Dependent Changes in the Flavonoid Composition of Root Exudates From Trifolium subterraneum

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
CGR Lawson ◽  
BG Rolfe ◽  
MA Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Root Exudates ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Rhizobium Inoculation ◽  
Rapid Induction ◽  
Hplc Profiles ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Root Tissues

Rapid induction of chalcone synthase (predominantly CHSS) gene expression occurs within 6 h following the inoculation of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii strain ANU843 on Trifolium subterraneum or wounding of plants (C. G. R. Lawson, M. A. Djordjevic, J. J. Weinman and B. G. Rolfe. 1994. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 7, 498-507). Experiments were conducted under the same conditions to examine the time of onset of synthesis and excretion of flavonoids that might result from this early CHS expression. Flavonoids in root tissues and root exudates were examined by HPLC analysis and the ability of fractionated and unfractionated material to induce nodulation gene expression in Rhizobium measured. There were no detectable changes in nod-gene-inducing activity of individual HPLC fractions of root exudates of 1 day dark-grown roots after Rhizobium inoculation. In contrast, after 3 days exposure to Rhizobium, analysis of specific HPLC fractions showed the presence of an additional nod-gene-inducing compound which the data indicate was 4′,7-dihydroxyflavone. A different and additional nod gene inducer was found in inoculated 5 day samples of root exudate of light-grown plants indicating that light exposure changes the HPLC profiles as well as the nod-gene-inducing compound(s). Exudates collected from wounded plants were considerably different from those from Rhizobium-inoculated and uninoculated plants and contained no detectable nod gene inducers. The late detection (at day 3) of Rhizobium-induced flavonoid excretion may occur too late to be directly correlated with the observed expression of CHS 6 h after inoculation. In addition, the data suggest that although the CHS5 promotor responds to both wounding and Rhizobium inoculation, the biochemical consequences of CHS5 induction resulting from these treatments are different.

Erratum to: Two novel chromosomal loci influence cultivar-specific nodulation failure in the interaction between strain ANU794 and subterranean clover cv. Woogenellup

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 907
Author(s):  
Louise F. Roddam ◽  
Wendy R. Lewis-Henderson ◽  
Michael A. Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Ribosomal Protein L9 ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Cultivar Specificity

The nodulation failure resulting from the interaction between Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii strain ANU794 and the Trifolium subterraneum cv. Woogenellup was examined by transposon mutagenesis to resolve whether multiple determinants were involved in cultivar-specificity. Three new transposon-induced mutants of ANU794 (W72, W78 and W710) with significantly enhanced nodulation ability on cv. Woogenellup were identified. The W72 and W78 mutations are chromosomally-located, whereas the W710 mutation isplasmid-located. The ethylene synthesis inhibitor, aminoethoxyvinylglycine, fails to enhance the nodulation ability of ANU794, ANU7943 (csn1::Tn5) and W78 on cv. Woogenellup, but enhances the nodulation ability of W72,W710 and ANU7941 (nodM::Tn5). DNA sequencing of the W78 locus reveals strong homology to an unknown Mycobacterium open reading frame, and to several bacterial non-haem chloroperoxidases. The previously identified csn1 locus showed homology to the 50S ribosomal protein, L9, with the Tn5 insertion being located in the 5′-untranslated region. The results suggest that cultivar-specificity is mediated by at least two independent mechanisms or determinants, and not by a simple gene-for-gene interaction. The role of ethylene in cultivar specificity is discussed. Cultivar-specific interactions may prove useful in identifying pathways involved in efficient nodule formation and plant-microbe interactions.

Two novel chromosomal loci influence cultivar-specific nodulation failure in the interaction between strain ANU794 and subterranean clover cv. Woogenellup

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise F. Roddam ◽  
Wendy R. Lewis-Henderson ◽  
Michael A. Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Ribosomal Protein L9 ◽  
Microbe Interactions ◽  
Cultivar Specificity

The nodulation failure resulting from the interaction between Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii strain ANU794 and the Trifolium subterraneum cv. Woogenellup was examined by transposon mutagenesis to resolve whether multiple determinants were involved in cultivar-specificity. Three new transposon-induced mutants of ANU794 (W72, W78 and W710) with significantly enhanced nodulation ability on cv. Woogenellup were identified. The W72 and W78 mutations are chromosomally-located, whereas the W710 mutation isplasmid-located. The ethylene synthesis inhibitor, aminoethoxyvinylglycine, fails to enhance the nodulation ability of ANU794, ANU7943 (csn1::Tn5) and W78 on cv. Woogenellup, but enhances the nodulation ability of W72,W710 and ANU7941 (nodM::Tn5). DNA sequencing of the W78 locus reveals strong homology to an unknown Mycobacterium open reading frame, and to several bacterial non-haem chloroperoxidases. The previously identified csn1 locus showed homology to the 50S ribosomal protein, L9, with the Tn5 insertion being located in the 5′-untranslated region. The results suggest that cultivar-specificity is mediated by at least two independent mechanisms or determinants, and not by a simple gene-for-gene interaction. The role of ethylene in cultivar specificity is discussed. Cultivar-specific interactions may prove useful in identifying pathways involved in efficient nodule formation and plant-microbe interactions.

scholarly journals Artificial complementary chromatic acclimation gene expression system in Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Ariyanti ◽  
Kazunori Ikebukuro ◽  
Koji Sode
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Green Light ◽  
Light Illumination ◽  
Multiple Gene ◽  
Gene Expression System ◽  
Chromatic Acclimation

Abstract Background The development of multiple gene expression systems, especially those based on the physical signals, such as multiple color light irradiations, is challenging. Complementary chromatic acclimation (CCA), a photoreversible process that facilitates the control of cellular expression using light of different wavelengths in cyanobacteria, is one example. In this study, an artificial CCA systems, inspired by type III CCA light-regulated gene expression, was designed by employing a single photosensor system, the CcaS/CcaR green light gene expression system derived from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, combined with G-box (the regulator recognized by activated CcaR), the cognate cpcG2 promoter, and the constitutively transcribed promoter, the PtrcΔLacO promoter. Results One G-box was inserted upstream of the cpcG2 promoter and a reporter gene, the rfp gene (green light-induced gene expression), and the other G-box was inserted between the PtrcΔLacO promoter and a reporter gene, the bfp gene (red light-induced gene expression). The Escherichia coli transformants with plasmid-encoded genes were evaluated at the transcriptional and translational levels under red or green light illumination. Under green light illumination, the transcription and translation of the rfp gene were observed, whereas the expression of the bfp gene was repressed. Under red light illumination, the transcription and translation of the bfp gene were observed, whereas the expression of the rfp gene was repressed. During the red and green light exposure cycles at every 6 h, BFP expression increased under red light exposure while RFP expression was repressed, and RFP expression increased under green light exposure while BFP expression was repressed. Conclusion An artificial CCA system was developed to realize a multiple gene expression system, which was regulated by two colors, red and green lights, using a single photosensor system, the CcaS/CcaR system derived from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, in E. coli. The artificial CCA system functioned repeatedly during red and green light exposure cycles. These results demonstrate the potential application of this CCA gene expression system for the production of multiple metabolites in a variety of microorganisms, such as cyanobacteria.

scholarly journals Mineral Composition of Red Clover under Rhizobium Inoculation and Lime Application in Acid Soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 554-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivera STAJKOVIC-SRBINOVIC ◽  
Dušica DELIC ◽  
Nataša RASULIC ◽  
Dragan CAKMAK ◽  
Djordje KUZMANOVIC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Trifolium Pratense ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rhizobium Inoculation ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Trifolium Pratense L ◽  
Lime Application

In the present study the effects of Rhizobium inoculation and lime application on the mineral composition (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, B) of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), in very acid soil were evaluated. Inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii significantly increased shoot dry weight (SDW) of red clover plants (three times greater), as well as N, Mg, Fe, Mn and Cu contents in plants compared to the control. Application of lime and Rhizobium together, depending on the lime rate (3, 6 or 9 t ha-1 of lime) and the cut, increased SDW significantly, but decreased the contents of N, P, K, Mg, Mn, Zn and B in plants. Regardless of the changes, in all treatments in both cuts, contents of N, K, Ca, Mg, Mn and Zn in plants were among sufficiency levels (Mg content was elevated in the second cut), while Fe content was mainly high, as well as Cu (in the second cut). Contents of P and B in plants were somewhat lower than sufficiency levels, but above critical level. Therefore, red clover can be grown with satisfactory yield and mineral composition in acid soil with Rhizobium inoculation only, but the application of P and B fertilization is desirable.

scholarly journals Context-dependent expression of the foraging gene in field colonies of ants: the interacting roles of age, environment and task

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1837) ◽  
pp. 20160841 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista K. Ingram ◽  
Deborah M. Gordon ◽  
Daniel A. Friedman ◽  
Michael Greene ◽  
John Kahler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Task Allocation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Behavioural Plasticity ◽  
Harvester Ants ◽  
Ontogenetic Changes ◽  
Context Dependent ◽  
And Task

Task allocation among social insect workers is an ideal framework for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying behavioural plasticity because workers of similar genotype adopt different behavioural phenotypes. Elegant laboratory studies have pioneered this effort, but field studies involving the genetic regulation of task allocation are rare. Here, we investigate the expression of the foraging gene in harvester ant workers from five age- and task-related groups in a natural population, and we experimentally test how exposure to light affects foraging expression in brood workers and foragers. Results from our field study show that the regulation of the foraging gene in harvester ants occurs at two time scales: levels of foraging mRNA are associated with ontogenetic changes over weeks in worker age, location and task, and there are significant daily oscillations in foraging expression in foragers. The temporal dissection of foraging expression reveals that gene expression changes in foragers occur across a scale of hours and the level of expression is predicted by activity rhythms: foragers have high levels of foraging mRNA during daylight hours when they are most active outside the nests. In the experimental study, we find complex interactions in foraging expression between task behaviour and light exposure. Oscillations occur in foragers following experimental exposure to 13 L : 11 D (LD) conditions, but not in brood workers under similar conditions. No significant differences were seen in foraging expression over time in either task in 24 h dark (DD) conditions. Interestingly, the expression of foraging in both undisturbed field and experimentally treated foragers is also significantly correlated with the expression of the circadian clock gene, cycle . Our results provide evidence that the regulation of this gene is context-dependent and associated with both ontogenetic and daily behavioural plasticity in field colonies of harvester ants. Our results underscore the importance of assaying temporal patterns in behavioural gene expression and suggest that gene regulation is an integral mechanism associated with behavioural plasticity in harvester ants.

scholarly journals The Environmental Light Influences the Circulatory Levels of Retinoic Acid and Associates with Hepatic Lipid Metabolism

Endocrinology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 149 (12) ◽  
pp. 6336-6342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenqiang Pang ◽  
Chunying Li ◽  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Shiming Wang ◽  
Wei Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Adenosine Receptors ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptor ◽  
Hepatic Lipase ◽  
Mouse Retina ◽  
Acid Receptor ◽  
Hepatic Lipid ◽  
Environmental Light

Environmental light is involved in the regulation of photochemical reaction in mouse retina. It remains unclear whether light-mediated increase in all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) synthesis in retina will result in altering the circulatory levels of ATRA and regulating downstream gene expression and physiological function. Here we showed circulatory levels of ATRA decreased in mice under constant darkness and elevated by light exposure. Fat gene pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 (mPlrp2) and its partner procolipase (mClps), but not hepatic lipase (mHl), activated in livers for responding to lack of light illuminating. Light-triggered alterations in circulatory ATRA levels regulated ecto-5′-nucleotidase gene expression by retinoic acid receptor retinoic acid receptor-α and modulated 5′-AMP levels in blood and were associated with mPlrp2 and mClps expression in the livers. Mice deficient in adenosine receptors displayed mPlrp2 and mClps expression in livers under 12-h light, 12-h dark cycles. Caffeine blocked adenosine receptors and induced hepatic mPlrp2 and mClps expression in wild-type mice. Mice activated in hepatic mPlrp2 and mClps expression lowered hepatic and serum lipid levels and markedly elevated circulatory levels of all-trans retinol. Our results suggest environmental light influence hepatic lipid homeostasis by light-modulated retinoic acid signaling associated with mPlrp2 and mClps gene expression in livers.

Positive control of sporulation-specific genes by the IME1 and IME2 products in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 2104-2110
Author(s):  
A P Mitchell ◽  
S E Driscoll ◽  
H E Smith
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Meiotic Recombination ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Spore Formation ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Heterologous Promoter ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Specific Gene Expression ◽  
Rapid Induction

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, meiosis and spore formation require the induction of sporulation-specific genes. Two genes are thought to activate the sporulation program: IME1 and IME2 (inducer of meiosis). Both genes are induced upon entry into meiosis, and IME1 is required for IME2 expression. We report here that IME1 is essential for expression of four sporulation-specific genes. In contrast, IME2 is not absolutely essential for expression of the sporulation-specific genes, but contributes to their rapid induction. Expression of IME2 from a heterologous promoter permits the expression of these sporulation-specific genes, meiotic recombination, and spore formation in the absence of IME1. We propose that the IME1 and IME2 products can each activate sporulation-specific genes independently. In addition, the IME1 product stimulates sporulation-specific gene expression indirectly through activation of IME2 expression.

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