The Response of Wheat to High Temperature Following Anthesis. I. The Rate and Duration of Kernel Filling.

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
IF Wardlaw ◽  
L Moncur
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Linear Phase ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Cultivar Variation ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants were grown to anthesis at 18/13�C day/night and either retained at 18/13�C or transferred to a higher temperature (24/19 or 30/25�C) for the grain-filling period. It was confirmed that high temperature resulted in a considerable drop in kernel dry weight at maturity and there was significant cultivar variation in the degree of the response. ranging from a 30 to 60% decrease in kernel dry weight at maturity for a rise in temperature from 18/13 to 30/25�C. An analysis of the rate and duration of kernel filling of seven cultivars showed that those cultivars most tolerant of high temperature during kernel filling (least reduction of kernel dry weight at maturity) were those where the rate of kernel filling was most enhanced by high temperature, i.e. the increased rate compensated for the reduced duration of kernel filling. The importance of the rate of kernel filling in determining varietal responses to high temperature illustrates the need to isolate the effect of temperature on processes in the kernel during the linear phase of growth.

scholarly journals Effect of high temperature on early stage of grain filling period in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 200-212
Author(s):  
Chan Seop Ko ◽  
Myung Kyu Oh ◽  
Jong Nae Hyun ◽  
Kyeong Hoon Kim ◽  
Jin Baek Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Filling Period

The influence of nutrition on the response of wheat to above-optimal temperature

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
IA Dawson ◽  
IF Wardlaw
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Phloem Mobility

Wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Gabo) were grown at two temperatures (18/13 and 24/19�C, Day/night), either with full nutrient availability or deprived of nutrients after floral initiation or after anthesis, in order to identify possible interactions between nutrient availability and response to a temperature higher than the optimum for grain dry weight accumulation. Nutrient deprivation reduced levels of nitrogen, potassium and calcium in the vegetative organs of the plant at anthesis and maturity, and levels of nitrogen and calcium, but not potassium, in the grain. Differences in the distribution of nitrogen, potassium and calcium can be explained on the basis of their phloem mobility. An interaction was observed between nutrition and temperature in the time from seedling emergence to anthesis, the number of tillers at anthesis and the number of heads per plant at maturity. Within the main culm ear, high temperature and low nutrition reduced grain number. High temperature, but not low nutrition, reduced individual grain weights. However, there were no interactions between nutrition and temperature in regulating these responses. Therefore, although nutrition may be an important factor when considering the effect of temperature on tillering, there is no evidence from this study that nutritional status will mask the effects of temperature on the later stages of ear and grain development.

Rate and duration of grain filling in five spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. Duguid ◽  
A. L. Brûlé-Babel
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Logistic Equation ◽  
Grain Filling Duration

Final grain dry weight, a component of yield in spring wheat, is determined by the rate and duration of grain filling. The objective of this study was to compare grain dry weight and rate and duration of grain filling amongst five spring wheat genotypes (Triticum aestivum L.) that differed in time to maturity. Glenlea, Katepwa, PT516, Roblin, and Wildcat were sown in replicated trials on four seeding dates in 1988 and 1989 at Winnipeg, Manitoba. Mean grain dry weight was measured at various intervals from anthesis to maturity. A logistic equation was used to characterize grain filling and estimate final grain dry weight, and the duration and maximum rate of grain filling. Stepwise multivariate analysis indicated that final grain dry weight was the most important variable characterizing the grain filling curves, followed by duration and then maximum rate of grain filling. The highest grain dry weights were produced by Glenlea (40.4 mg) and Wildcat (36.9 mg). Roblin (34.9 mg) was intermediate in grain dry weight while Katepwa (32.4 mg) and PT516 (30.3 mg) produced the smallest grains. Genotypes with the highest grain dry weights had shorter durations and higher maximum rates of grain filling. Key words:Triticum aestivum L., grain filling, duration, rate, phenological development, yield

Effects of high temperature on grain growth and on the metabolites and enzymes in the starch-synthesis pathway in the grains of two wheat cultivars differing in their responses to temperature

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Zahedi ◽  
Rajinder Sharma ◽  
Colin F. Jenner
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Soluble Starch ◽  
Starch Synthase ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
The Difference

The effects of a sustained period of moderately high temperature were evaluated on the availability of substrate and the activity of starch synthase (ADP-glucose: 1,4-α-D-glucan 4-α-D-glucosyltransferase, EC 2.4.1.21) in the developing grains of two wheat Triticum aestivum L. cultivars differing in their tolerance to high temperature. Final grain weight was reduced by 33% in the least sensitive (cv. Kavko) and by 40% in the most sensitive (cv. Lyallpur) cultivar as post-anthesis temperature was raised from 20/15°C (day/night) to 30/25°C. The difference in the response of the two cultivars was mainly due to changes in the rate of grain filling at high temperature. The response of the rate of grain filling at high temperature, and the differential effects on the two cultivars, did not seem to be explained by an effect of temperature on the supply of assimilate (sucrose) or on the availability of the substrate for starch synthesis (ADP-glucose) in the grains. In vitro, but not in vivo, the differential responses of the efficiency (Vmax/Km) of soluble starch synthase in the two cultivars to an increase in temperature were associated with differences in the temperature sensitivity of grain filling. In vivo, the most remarkable difference between the two varieties was in the absolute values of the efficiency of soluble starch synthase, with the most tolerant cultivar having the highest efficiency.

Dry matter accumulation and distribution in winter wheat grown in a humid continental climate

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Hunt ◽  
L. V. Edgington
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Green Coloration ◽  
Continental Climate

The growth of a crop of 'Arrow' winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) was studied in detail from 2 weeks before ear emergence to maturity. Aboveground dry weight increased up to 4 weeks after ear emergence, when it reached a maximum value of 1.4 kg∙m−2, and then decreased marginally. The rate of aboveground dry matter accumulation over a 6-week period beginning 2 weeks before ear emergence averaged 24.4 g∙m−2∙day−1.Rapid ear growth commenced some 2 weeks after ear emergence and continued until after the crop had lost all green coloration. Dry matter accumulation in the ears in the period beginning 3 weeks past ear emergence was greater than accumulation in the aboveground parts of the crop as a whole. This indicated that much of the ear dry matter increase in the latter part of the grain filling period occurred as a result of translocation of previously accumulated assimilates. The stem fraction (including leaf sheaths), the major aboveground reservoir of material that is translocated to the ear, decreased from 800 g∙m−2 at 3 weeks after ear emergence to 493 g∙m−2 at maturity.

The parameters of grain filling and yield components in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum)

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milka Brdar ◽  
Marija Kraljević-Balalić ◽  
Borislav Kobiljski
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Grain Filling Duration

AbstractFinal grain dry weight, a component of yield in wheat, is dependent on the duration and the rate of grain filling. The purpose of the study was to compare the grain filling patterns between common wheat, (Triticum aestivum L.), and durum wheat, (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), and investigate relationships among grain filling parameters, yield components and the yield itself. The most important variables in differentiating among grain filling curves were final grain dry weight (W) for common wheat genotypes and grain filling rate (R) for durum wheat genotypes; however, in all cases the sets of variables important in differentiating among grain filling curves were extended to either two or all three parameters. Furthermore, in one out of three environmental conditions and for both groups of genotypes, the most important parameter in the set was grain filling duration (T). It indicates significant impact of environmental conditions on dry matter accumulation and the mutual effect of grain filling duration and its rate on the final grain dry weight. The medium early anthesis date could be associated with further grain weight and yield improvements in wheat. Grain filling of earlier genotypes occurs in more temperate environments, which provides enough time for gradual grain fill and avoids the extremes of temperature and the stress of dry conditions.

Assessment of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes for high temperature stress tolerance using physico-chemical analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalil Ahmed Laghari ◽  
Abdul Jabbar Pirzada ◽  
Mahboob Ali Sial ◽  
Muhammad Athar Khan ◽  
Jamal Uddin Mangi
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Physico Chemical
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