Influence of Chilling and Drought on Water Relations and Abscisic Acid Accumulation in Bean

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Vernieri ◽  
A Pardossi ◽  
F Tognoni
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Saturated Atmosphere ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Chilling Treatment

Intact bean seedlings were subjected to either chilling (4°C) or drought stress. Leaf water relations and abscisic acid (ABA) content were monitored throughout a stress-recovery cycle. Chilling at low relative humidity (RH) and drought caused similar water deficits, as indicated by the decline in relative water content and water potentials, but they had different effects on ABA accumulation. There was a rapid increase in ABA levels in the leaves of water-deprived plants while only slight ABA accumulation was observed after 48 h of chilling (4°C). After 24 h cold treatment there were large changes in turgor but no change in ABA content. Plants chilled for 24 h accumulated ABA only when transferred to recovery conditions (20°C, 90-95% RH, in the dark) to an extent that was related to the rate of leaf rehydration. When the chilling treatment was performed in a water-saturated atmosphere, plants did not suffer any water stress and ABA levels did not increase over a period of 48 h. However, when the chilling treatment lasted for a longer period (72 h), a significant increase in ABA levels was found also in the absence of water deficit. Experiments performed with leaf discs incubated in a mannitol solution (osmotic potential - 1.6 MPa) at different temperatures indicated that low temperature markedly inhibits ABA synthesis and that water stress induces increases in ABA content only at non-limiting warm temperatures.

Inhibition of Flowering in Lolium temulentum L. By Water Stress: a Role for Abscisic Acid

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW King ◽  
LT Evans
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Long Day ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
The One ◽  
Floral Evocation ◽  
Leaf Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Response To Water ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
High Intensity Light

A brief, 8-h water stress during the induction of flowering in L. temulentum reduces the flowering response, the more so the greater the stress. Water stress also affected leaf photosynthetic rate, relative water content of leaves and leaf elongation. Water stress was most inhibitory to flowering when applied during the period of high-intensity light at the beginning of the one long day. The abscisic acid (ABA) content of leaves increased up to 30-fold during the imposition of water stress and fell rapidly after stress was relieved, regardless of when the stress was imposed. The greater the stress, the higher was the level of ABA in leaves and the greater was the inhibition of flowering. The ABA content of apices also rose in response to water stress, in some cases during the stress treatment but usually 8-22 h later. Flowering was inhibited when apical ABA contents were high at the end of the long day. Although water stress may influence the flowering of plants in several ways, these experiments suggest that water stress during the long day induction of L. temulentum inhibits flowering by raising the content of ABA at the shoot apex during floral evocation.

scholarly journals   Role of abscisic acid and drought stress on the activities of antioxidant enzymes in wheat

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bano ◽  
F. Ullah ◽  
A. Nosheen
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Aba Content ◽  
Endogenous Aba

The effect of drought stress and abscisic acid (ABA) applied at tillering stage (55 days after sowing) was compared in 2 wheat cultivars differing in drought tolerance. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) and contents of endogenous ABA in plants were measured at 3 days of drought stress in cv. Chakwal-97 (drought tolerant) and cv. Punjab-96 (drought susceptible). ABA was applied at 10<sup>&ndash;6</sup> mol/L as presowing seed treatment for 18 h. Drought tolerant cultivar has a more efficient mechanism to scavenge reactive oxygen species as shown by a significant increase in the activity of antioxidant enzyme SOD. Under drought stress, ABA significantly increased the activities of SOD and POD, showing a significant decline on rewatering. The relative water content was significantly increased by ABA priming under drought stress in both wheat cultivars. The sensitive cultivar exhibiting lower endogenous ABA content was more responsive to ABA priming. On rewatering, the magnitude of recovery from drought stress was greater in tolerant cultivar. ABA was highly effective in improving grain weight of tolerant cultivar under drought stress. &nbsp;

Participation of abscisic acid and gibberellins produced by endophytic Azospirillum in the alleviation of drought effects in maize

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana C. Cohen ◽  
Claudia N. Travaglia ◽  
Rubén Bottini ◽  
Patricia N. Piccoli
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Azospirillum Lipoferum ◽  
Stress Alleviation ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Azospirillum spp. are plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) that enhance growth by several mechanisms, including the production of phytohormones such as abscisic acid (ABA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and gibberellins (GAs). Their presence may also alleviate plant water stress. In the present paper, the effects of Azospirillum lipoferum in maize ( Zea mays  L.) plants treated with inhibitors of ABA and GA synthesis, fluridone (F) and prohexadione-Ca (P), respectively, and either submitted to drought stress or provided sufficient water, were analysed. Fluridone diminished the growth of plants that had been well watered, in a manner similar to drought, but inoculation with Azospirillum completely reversed this effect. The relative water content of the F-treated and drought-stressed plants was significantly lower (even though drought-stressed plants had been allowed to recover for one week), and this effect was completely neutralized by Azospirillum. These results were correlated with ABA levels assessed by GC-EIMS. Growth was diminished in drought-submitted plants treated with P, alone or combined with F, even though ABA levels were enhanced, suggesting that GAs produced by the bacterium are also important in stress alleviation. The results suggest that both ABA and GAs contribute to water-stress alleviation of plants by Azospirillum.

scholarly journals Genotypic Variation in Abscisic Acid Accumulation, Water Relations, and Gas Exchange for Kentucky Bluegrass Exposed to Drought Stress

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaolong Wang ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Aba Content

Drought is a major limiting factor for turfgrass growth. Understanding genetic variations in physiological responses of turfgrass to drought stress would facilitate breeding and management programs to improve drought resistance. This study was designed to evaluate responses of abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation, water relations, and gas exchange to drought stress in four Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) cultivars differing in drought resistance. Plants of `Midnight' and `A82-204' (drought resistant) and `Brilliant' and `RSP' (drought susceptible) were grown under well-watered (control) or drought stress conditions for 25 days in growth chambers. Turf quality, leaf water potential (Ψleaf), relative water content (RWC), leaf net photosynthesis rate (Pn), and stomatal conductance (gs) declined, while electrolyte leakage (EL) increased during drought progression in all cultivars. The magnitudes of the change in these parameters were greater for `RSP' and `Brilliant' than for `Midnight' and `A82-204'. Leaf ABA content in `RSP' and `Brilliant' increased sharply after 2 days of stress to as much as 34 times the control level at 10 days of drought. Leaf ABA content in `Midnight' and `A82-204' also increased with drought, but to a lesser extent than in the other two cultivars. Leaf ABA level was negatively correlated with Ψleaf and gs. `A82-204' had a significantly lower ABA accumulation rate with changes in Ψleaf during drought compared to `Midnight', `RSP' and `Brilliant'; however, no differences in ABA accumulation rate were detected among the latter three cultivars. In addition, leaf gs was more sensitive to changes in ABA accumulation in `Midnight' and `A82-204' than in `RSP' and `Brilliant'. These results demonstrated that drought tolerant cultivars of Kentucky bluegrass were characterized by lower ABA accumulation and less severe decline in Ψleaf, Pn, gs, and turf quality during drought stress than drought sensitive cultivars. Drought tolerance of Kentucky bluegrass could be related to sensitivity of stomata to endogenous accumulation of ABA under drought stress conditions.

scholarly journals Taxane and ABA Production in Yew under Different Soil Water Regimes

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 882-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Hoffman ◽  
Clinton Shock ◽  
Erik Feibert
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Anticancer Agent ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Registered Trademark ◽  
Baccatin Iii ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Aba Content

Taxol® (paclitaxel), an important anticancer agent, is found in many species of yew. As the need for Taxol increases, sustainable sources must be found for this drug. Plants often respond to stress with increased production of terpenoid compounds such as Taxol and related taxanes or hormones such as abscisic acid (ABA). To determine whether water stress would enhance the production and recovery of Taxol from stem clippings, 100 young Taxu×media `Hicksii' shrubs were grown for sustainable production of Taxol from stem clippings for two seasons in the dry climate of the Malheur Experiment Station in Ontario, Ore. Shrubs were grown under minimal, moderate, or severe water stress, and the relationships between taxane content and 1) soil and plant water potentials, 2) percentage of stomatal closure, and 3) ABA content were examined. Severely water-stressed shrubs produced significantly more taxanes and ABA than did the less stressed shrubs. Chemical names used: Taxol; 10-deacetyl baccatin III; baccatin III; 10-deacetyl taxol, cephalomannine; 7-epi; 10-deacetyl taxol; abscisic acid. Taxol is a registered trademark of Bristol-Myers Squibb.

scholarly journals Water Relations, Stomatal Conductance, and Abscisic Acid Content of Young Apple Trees in Response to Antitranspirant Treatment

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 837G-837
Author(s):  
Sung H. Guak ◽  
Lailiang Cheng ◽  
L.H. Fuchigami
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Water Saturation Deficit ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Additional Water ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Aba Content

Potted apple trees (Malus domestica L. `Gala') were drenched with either water or an antitranspirant (N-2001). After treatment, no additional water was applied to the plants. Abscisic acid (ABA) content of immature and mature leaves was determined by radioimmunoassay after 0, 1, 3, and 5 h and 1, 2, 4, 7, 8, and 9 days after treatment. ABA content of mature and immature leaves of antitranspirant-treated plants peaked 1 and 4 days after treatment, respectively, and remained constant thereafter. In contrast, with increasing water stress, the ABA content of mature and immature leaves of control plants without antitranspirant peaked at 7 and 8 days, respectively. The overall level of ABA in mature leaves of both treatment groups was significantly greater than in immature leaves. The water saturation deficit increased, water and turgor potentials of leaves decreased, and stomatal conductance decreased in response to antitranspirant application. The changes in water relations parameters and stomatal conductance were highly correlated with changes in leaf ABA content.

scholarly journals PLANT WATER RELATIONS OF ARTEMISIA CANA AND AGROPYRON INTERMEDIUM DURING AND AFTER WATER STRESS PRECONDITIONING

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 743f-744
Author(s):  
Jerriann Ernstsen ◽  
Larry Rupp ◽  
Ray Brown
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Relations ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Agropyron Intermedium ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Transplant Shock ◽  
Disturbed Land ◽  
Solute Accumulation ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Dry Down

Typically, dormant seedlings are transplanted when revegetating disturbed lands to prevent transplant shock triggered by water stress. It may be possible to transplant nondormant seedlings by inducing drought-tolerant acclimation responses such as solute accumulation. Artemisia cana and Agropyron intermedium seedlings were subjected to three different water stress preconditioning treatments. After conditioning, seedlings were dried down in their containers until leaf senescence, or were transplanted to disturbed land sites. Leaf water potential components and relative water content were measured. Following treatments, water relations parameters of preconditioned seedlings were not markedly different from controls in either species. At the end of the final dry-down, water stress preconditioning had not induced active or passive solute accumulation, prolonged leaf survival during lethal drought conditions, or differences in transplant survival under the experimental conditions of this study.

scholarly journals Moderate water stress in rice induces rhizosheath formation associated with abscisic acid and auxin responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 2740-2751
Author(s):  
Yingjiao Zhang ◽  
Huan Du ◽  
Yao Gui ◽  
Feiyun Xu ◽  
Jianping Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Hair Length ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Short Root ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Root Hair Length ◽  
Root Hair Growth ◽  
Aba Content

Abstract The rhizosheath is known to be beneficial for drought resistance in many plants, but the regulation of rhizosheath formation in rice plants is unclear. Here, we investigate rhizosheath formation in different rice varieties and root hair mutants. Our results showed that moderate water stress in rice induced rhizosheath formation. The soil porosity and water content were higher in the rice rhizosheath than in the rice bulk soil under moderate water stress. Additionally, rhizosheath formation in short root hair mutants was lower than in wild-type rice under moderate water stress. Moreover, transcriptomic results indicated that abscisic acid (ABA) and auxin were involved in root and root hair responses in rhizosheath formation. Further, blocking ABA and auxin pathways in wild type and in rhl1-1, the shortest root hair mutant, rhizosheath formation and root hair length were significantly decreased under moderate water stress. However, wild type plants maintained a higher root ABA content, root basipetal auxin transport, root hair length, and amount of rhizosheath than did rhl1-1. Our results suggest that moderate water stress in rice induces rhizosheath formation by modulating the ABA and auxin responses to regulate root and root hair growth, which may be used to breed rice varieties resistant to drought.

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