Persistence of Non-Crease Protophloem Strands in the Developing Wheat Grain

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 223 ◽  
Author(s):  
DB Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Grain Filling Period

The two protophloem strands in the lateral ovary walls of the developing wheat grain, previously reported to be obliterated during grain elongation, are shown to persist through about half, or somewhat longer, of the grain filling period. During the latter part of their functional life, they appear to be involved in the absorption of solutes produced during degeneration of the middle pericarp. During the final stages of pericarp degeneration, the protophloem strands show a basipetal progression of degeneration and adherence to the remaining inner and outer pericarp layers.

Water Relations of the Developing Wheat Grain

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
EWR Barlow ◽  
JW Lee ◽  
R Munns ◽  
MG Smart
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Pigment Strand ◽  
Days After Anthesis ◽  
Wheat Spike

The physiological and anatomical mechanisms underlying the reduced sensitivity of wheat grain growth to water deficits in the post anthesis period have been investigated. The water potential (Ψ) and water content of the developing wheat grain and of other tissues within the wheat spike and flag leaf were compared under controlled environment and field conditions. In the 14 days following anthesis when the amount of water in each grain was increasing, the Ψ gradient between the grain and the rest of the plant was most pronounced. This Ψ gradient disappeared when the water per grain reached its maximum level (15 days after anthesis). The apparent turgor potential (P) of the wheat grain was very small (less than 0.2 MPa) throughout the grain filling period. When water was withheld 10 and 20 days after anthesis, the grain Ψ changed little despite a large decrease in the Ψ of the glumes, rachis and flag leaf. Grain Ψ showed the same independence during a diurnal cycle of water deficit. The independence of grain Ψ under water deficit conditions may be related initially to the xylem discontinuity in the floral axis and, in longer-term water stress situations, to the deposition of lipid in the pigment strand of the grain itself.

Effects of light, temperature, and rate of desiccation on translucency in wheat grain

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 365 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Parish ◽  
NJ Halse
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Grain Drying ◽  
Drying Techniques ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Wheat grain was harvested at maximum dry weight and dried under various conditions in the laboratory. Results showed that opaque grain was produced by fast drying; translucency developed with slow drying. The effect of various temperatures when drying rate was constant was also measured. It was found that translucency developed more at high temperatures than at low temperatures. There was little "mottling" despite the wide range between treatments from entirely opaque to fully translucent grain. Drying techniques were found whereby grain samples different in texture but identical in other respects can be prepared. In other experiments wheat plants were grown in controlled light and temperature conditions during the grain-filling period. Results showed that at this stage low temperature and low light intensity favoured the development of translucency.

Seasonal changes in wheat-grain quality associated with high temperatures during grain filling

1991 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
CS Blumenthal ◽  
IL Batey ◽  
F Bekes ◽  
CW Wrigley ◽  
EWR Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Hard Wheat ◽  
Dough Properties ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Monomeric Proteins

Wheat plants exposed to higher than usual temperatures during ripening produced grain with weaker dough properties in glasshouse, field experiments and crop samples. In a review of Prime Hard wheat samples from 1960/61 to 1988/89, those seasons when the dough properties were particularly weak coincided with the years when the number of hours over 35�C during the grain filling period (October to December) was greatest. A five-day period of heat stress in 1988 provided an opportunity to directly investigate the effects of heat stress in the field. A weakening of dough properties was shown, for four varieties, by longer dough development times and faster breakdown in the Farinograph and also by shorter resistance to extension (at 5 cm) in the Extensograph. These (and similar changes for glasshouse grown grain) were accompanied by an increase in the proportion of gliadin (monomeric) proteins. That this increase was associated with the heat stress was shown by demonstrating increased accumulation of 14C amino acids into the gliadin fraction for heat-stressed heads in culture. These results support the hypothesis that episodes of high temperature during grain filling activate the heat shock elements of gliadin genes in wheat causing the mature grain to contain more gliadin and thus to produce weaker doughs.

scholarly journals Accumulation of Total Anthocyanins in Wheat Grain

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alžbeta Žofajová ◽  
Ivana Pšenáková ◽  
Michaela Havrlentová ◽  
Michaela Piliarová
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Total Anthocyanins ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Colour Development

Accumulation of Total Anthocyanins in Wheat GrainIn the recent years, for specific goals of utilization, winter wheat breeding has been aimed on increasing total anthocyanins concentration in winter wheat grains considering their high antioxidant activity. The aim of research was to evaluate grain colour development in four wheat genotypes (ANK 28A and 62/0 purple pericarp, UC 66049 blue aleurone and Ilona red pericarp) during grain filling period. Grain samples from two replications of field experiment, established in the vegetation 2010/11, were taken in five to six sampling times. Total anthocyanins concentration was determined by spectrophotometer. The genotypes responded differently to the dynamics of total anthocyanins accumulation during grain filling. The process was described by linear and also by polynomial regression on the number of days post anthesis. Genotypes with purple pericarp reached the highest total anthocyanins concentration on the 22ndday post anthesis with increasing and decreasing before and after this sampling time, respectively. At maturity the highest total anthocyanins had UC 66049 (193.38 mg/kg). Newly bred genotype 62/0 had similar concentration (34.50 mg/kg) as its parent ANK 28A (37.80 mg/kg). At maturity, registered cultivar Ilona was about 93.7% lower in total anthocyanins concentration compared to ANK 28A. Significant variability in total anthocyanins concentration indicated that breeding for their increasing is possible.

Influence of Canopy Temperature (CT) During Grain-Filling Period on Yield and Effects of Several CT-Associated SSR Loci

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Ling ZHANG ◽  
Hong-Na ZHANG ◽  
Chen-Yang HAO ◽  
Lan-Fen WANG ◽  
Tian LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Effect of PASP-KT-NAA on Leaf Senescence and Grain Filling Rate during the Grain-Filling Period in Different Temperature Zones

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 1698-1709
Author(s):  
Tian-Jun XU ◽  
Zhi-Qiang DONG ◽  
Jiao GAO ◽  
Chuan-Xiao CHEN ◽  
Liu JIAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Filling Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Rate ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Developmental and physiological traits associated with high yield and stay-green phenotype in wheat

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 354 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Christopher ◽  
A. M. Manschadi ◽  
G. L. Hammer ◽  
A. K. Borrell
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Grain Filling Period

Water availability is a key limiting factor in wheat production in the northern grain belt of Australia. Varieties with improved adaptation to such conditions are actively sought. The CIMMYT wheat line SeriM82 has shown a significant yield advantage in multi-environment screening trials in this region. The objective of this study was to identify the physiological basis of the adaptive traits underpinning this advantage. Six detailed experiments were conducted to compare the growth, development, and yield of SeriM82 with that of the adapted cultivar, Hartog. The experiments were undertaken in field environments that represented the range of moisture availability conditions commonly encountered by winter crops grown on the deep Vertosol soils of this region. The yield of SeriM82 was 6–28% greater than that of Hartog, and SeriM82 exhibited a stay-green phenotype by maintaining green leaf area longer during the grain-filling period in all environments where yield was significantly greater than Hartog. However, where the availability of deep soil moisture was limited, SeriM82 failed to exhibit significantly greater yield or to express the stay-green phenotype. Thus, the stay-green phenotype was closely associated with the yield advantage of SeriM82. SeriM82 also exhibited higher mean grain mass than Hartog in all environments. It is suggested that small differences in water use before anthesis, or greater water extraction from depth after anthesis, could underlie the stay-green phenotype. The inability of SeriM82 to exhibit stay-green and higher yield where deep soil moisture was depleted indicates that extraction of deep soil moisture is important.

scholarly journals Effective Seed Yield and Flowering Synchrony of Parents of CIMMYT Three-Way-Cross Tropical Maize Hybrids

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
Alberto A. Chassaigne-Ricciulli ◽  
Leopoldo E. Mendoza-Onofre ◽  
Leobigildo Córdova-Téllez ◽  
Aquiles Carballo-Carballo ◽  
Félix M. San Vicente-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Flowering Synchrony ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Genotype, environmental temperature, and agronomic management of parents influence seed yield in three-way cross hybrid maize seed production. The objective of this research was to generate information on the seed production of six three-way cross hybrids and their progenitors, adapted to tropical lowlands. Data on days to—and duration of—flowering, distance to spike and stigmas, and seed yield of five female single crosses and five male inbred lines were recorded for different combinations of four planting densities and four sowing dates in Mexico. The effect of planting density was not significant. The male inbred line T10 was the earliest and highest seed yield and T31 the latest, occupying second place in yield. The single crosses T32/T10 and T13/T14 were the earliest and had the highest effective seed yield. At the earliest sowing date, the females were later in their flowering, accumulated fewer growing degree days (GDD), and obtained higher yields since the grain-filling period coincided with hot days and cool nights. To achieve greater floral synchronization and therefore greater production of hybrid seed, differential planting dates for parents are recommended based on information from the accumulated GDD of each parent. The three-way cross hybrids were classified according to the expected seed yield of the females and the complexity in the synchronization of flowering of their parents.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document