Fruit Growth and Dry Matter Accumulation in Grapefruit During Periods of Water Withholding and After Reirrigation

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 633 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Cohen ◽  
A Goell
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volume Growth ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Fresh Weight

Changes in volume, fresh weight and dry matter (DM) contents were followed in fruits from girdled and non-girdled branches borne on regularly irrigated (RI) as well as water-stressed (S) trees. Water stress was imposed by withholding irrigation for various periods. The results indicate that, even during prolonged periods of drought, DM accumulation in fruits on S trees was only slightly impaired, even when fruit volume growth was reduced to zero or even to shrinkage. After irrigation was resumed, fruits from S trees grew faster than those from RI trees, indicating that some of the DM which had accumulated was available for volume growth. The possibility of using the rate of DM accumulation in the fruit as an indicator for the timing of irrigation is discussed.

RESPONSE OF PEAS TO ENVIRONMENT: IV. EFFECT OF FIVE SOIL WATER REGIMES ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PEAS

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Maurer ◽  
H. F. Fletcher ◽  
D. P. Ormrod
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
Water Conditions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Soil Water Conditions

Pea plants growing in "weighing lysimeters" were subjected to five soil-water regimes to determine their response to varying conditions of soil water imposed at different stages of development. Plants subjected to a minimal water stress developed luxuriantly and continued to grow up to the harvest period. Pea yield and plant height were not reduced, but fresh weight and dry matter were less if irrigation was applied when soil water fell to 60% rather than 88% of that available. A severe water stress after blossom reduced pea yield, irrespective of soil-water conditions prior to blossom. Plants which had been given ample soil water before blossom wilted visibly when a severe stress was imposed in the post-blossom period, yet wilting did not occur in plants subjected to severe water stress both before and after blossom. Severe water stress prior to blossom did not cause a decrease in pea yield if ample soil moisture was made available after blossom.

Growth of axillary buds of Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. bullata sub var. gemmifera)

1991 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Wilcockson ◽  
A. E. Abuzeid
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Size Profile ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Bud Size ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Subtending Leaves

SUMMARYIn 1984 and 1985, the growth of axillary buds of Brussels sprouts plants was studied at Cockle Park, Northumberland, UK. Bud growth commenced in late September or early October and continued at all nodes until the final harvest in December. Total bud yield increased at a broadly constant rate until late November but at a decreasing rate thereafter. Plants produced c. 100 nodes with buds ≥ 5 mm diameter. The largest buds were c. 40 mm diameter and 25 g fresh weight. Bud size increased from the base of the stem upwards to between the 20th and 40th nodes and then decreased towards the apex. Nodes 20–40 (20% of the total) produced c. 40–45% of total bud yield. The size profile of leaves along the stem followed a similar pattern to the buds and the largest buds were in the axils of the largest leaves. There were close relationships between bud fresh weight and size, bud fresh weight and size, bud fresh weight and volume and log10 bud fresh weight and log10 bud size (r2 ≥ 0·995). The density of buds was c. 0·8 and bud fresh weight doubled for each 5 mm increase in bud diameter.Current photosynthesis of the leaf canopy was apparently the major source of assimilates for bud growth. A C14 tracing experiment suggested that growth of individual buds was mainly supported by their subtending leaves. There was no evidence of re-translocation of dry matter from dying leaves or the stems to buds or of substantial production of dry matter by the buds themselves. Rates of bud photosynthesis were only about 10% of the rate of leaves. The continued increase in bud fresh weight and size at the lowest nodes when leaves were senescing rapidly and after they had abscissed was probably mainly the result of water uptake rather than dry matter accumulation.

scholarly journals Seasonal Partitioning of Leaf and Fruit Potassium and Fruit Dry Matter in French Prune Trees at Various Potassium Levels

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 981-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.J.A. Niederholzer ◽  
R.M. Carlson ◽  
K. Uriu ◽  
N.H. Willits ◽  
J.P. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
High K

A study was undertaken to determine the seasonal dynamics of leaf and fruit K content and the influence of tree K status and fruit growth on leaf and fruit K accumulation rates in French prune (Prunus domestics L. cv. d'Agen). Mature trees in a commercial orchard were treated with various rates of K2 SO4. (O to ≈20 kg/tree) in the fall. Fruit dry weight yield per tree at harvest and fruit K content were higher for high-K trees, but fruit percent K (by dry weight) was ≈1.0% for all trees. Leaf scorch and subsequent abscission severely reduced the canopy of K-deficient trees. Significant positive linear relationships between leaf and fruit K accumulation rates existed for the periods of 28 Apr.-28 May (May) and 28 May-7 July (June). A significant negative linear relationship existed between these two criteria from 7 July-3 Aug. (July). May (0.237 mg K per fruit-day) and July (0.267 mg K per fruit-day) mean fruit K accumulation rates were similar, but both were significantly higher (P = 0.001) than those for June (0.140 mg K per fruit-day). Mean leaf K accumulation rates for May (- 0.007 mg K per leaf-day) and July (-0.010 mg K per leaf-day) were similar, but both were significantly (P = 0.001) less than for June (0.005 mg K per leaf-day). Potassium per fruit accumulation was highest in trees with highest K status. Periods of net leaf K efflux and influx did not precisely correlate with fruit growth stages measured by fruit dry weight. The period of lowest fruit K accumulation (28 May-7 July) coincided with the period of maximum dry matter accumulation by the kernel. After 7 July, all increases in fruit dry weight and K content were due to mesocarp growth.

scholarly journals Model Selection for Nondestructive Quantification of Fruit Growth in Pepper

2012 ◽  
Vol 137 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Maaike Wubs ◽  
Yun T. Ma ◽  
Ep Heuvelink ◽  
Lia Hemerik ◽  
Leo F.M. Marcelis
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Fruit Growth ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Sigmoid Function ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Weight Growth

Quantifying fruit growth can be desirable for several purposes (e.g., prediction of fruit yield and size, or for the use in crop simulation models). The goal of this article was to determine the best sigmoid function to describe fruit growth of pepper (Capsicum annuum) from nondestructive fruit growth measurements. The Richards, Gompertz, logistic, and beta growth functions were tested. Fruit growth of sweet pepper was measured nondestructively in an experiment with three different average daily temperatures (18, 21, and 24 °C) and in an experiment with six cultivars with different fruit sizes (20 to 205 g fresh weight). Measurements of fruit length and fruit diameter or circumference were performed twice per week. From these, fruit volume was estimated. A linear relationship related fruit fresh weight to estimated fruit volume, and a Ricker or polynomial function related fruit dry matter content to fruit age. These relations were used to convert estimated fruit volume into fruit fresh and dry weights. As dry weight increased until harvest, fitting the sigmoid function to the dry weight data was less suitable: it would create uncertainty in the estimated asymptote. Therefore, the sigmoid functions were fitted to fresh weight growth of the fruit. The Richards function was the best function in each data set, closely followed by the Gompertz function. The fruit dry weight growth is obtained by multiplication of the sigmoid function and the function relating fruit dry matter content to fruit age.

scholarly journals Alteration of dry matter accumulation under soil moisture fluctuation stress in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 757-763
Author(s):  
Cut Nur Ichsan ◽  
Bakhtiar Basyah ◽  
Sabaruddin Zakaria ◽  
Efendi Efendi
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Root Depth ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Weight

Drought-flood abrupt alterations (DFAA) is a condition in drought season when sudden rain inundate rice plants. These events are due to the high frequency of extreme climate events that might pose a threat to rice productivity. DFAA causes cumulative stress on rice which affects crop growth and alters dry matter accumulation. This study aims to understand the effect of DFAA to dry matter accumulation by assessing six rice varieties under DFAA. Three treatments were provided such as continuously irrigated as non-water stress (NS) as a control; drought to water stress -35 kPa (DFAA1) followed by sudden flood; drought to severe water stress -70 kPa (DFAA2) followed by abrupt floods; repeated until harvest. The study found that the alteration of dry matter accumulation was determined by root length, root weight, shoot length and shoot weight. Only varieties that are able to increase root depth under water stress fluctuation will be able to maintain the yield. The results of study showed that root depth was positively correlated with shoot length (r = 0.68), shoot weight (r = 0.62), root weight (r = 0.57), percentage of filled grain (r = 0.55) and number of filled grain per hill (r = 0.49). Shoot length was positively correlated with shoot weight (r = 0.83), root weight (r = 0.75) and the number of filled grain (r = 0.62), while shoot weight was only positively correlated with root weight (r = 0.88). This means that only root depth and shoot length can increase the seed setting rate and the number of filled grains per hill. Furthermore, at DFAA2, the percentage of filled grain was highest in Sipulo followed by Bo Santeut, Sanbei, Towuti and Situ Patenggang, which mean that varieties with deeper and heavier root dry weight can maintain higher yields than shallow and low root dry weight. The result of the study may allow to select rice varieties that are resistant to multilevel water-stress and able to maintain the potential yield, by looking at root depth, root dry weight, and through their grain yield in general. These traits could become key indicators for resistance to DFAA stress in rice. It is also necessary to pay attention to the fluctuation of soil water content in critical phases, especially in the reproductive phase and grain filling

scholarly journals Yield Response of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Genotypes to Water Deficit Stress

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsana Mimi ◽  
MA Mannan ◽  
QA Khaliq ◽  
MA Baset Mia
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Glycine Max L

An experiment was carried out at research field of Agronomy, Department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur from December 2013 to April 2014. Four soybean genotypes viz. i) G 00022 ii) Galarsum iii) BARI Soybean-5 and iv) G 00197 were grown in the field to evaluate the effects of water deficit stress on dry matter accumulation and yield. Plants were subjected to water stress that is irrigation was withdrawn at Blooming stage (R1) and Full Pod (R4 stages up to maturity. Dry matter accumulation, yield and yield components were reduced by the soil water deficit stress and reduction was higher at R1 stage than R4 stage of water stress. Among the genotypes, G 00022 showed the highest tolerance, while G 00197 was highly susceptible in all the water stress conditions. It was found that higher water deficit stress tolerance in G 00022 was associated with higher accumulation of leaf, stem, root and total dry matter under water stress condition.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2016 19(2): 51-60

Effects of water stress on dry matter accumulation and translocation in winter wheat cultivars planted at different ages

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 943-950
Author(s):  
Ling HUANG ◽  
Yang GAO ◽  
Xin-Qiang LI ◽  
Xin-Qiang QIU ◽  
Xiao-Jun SHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Winter Wheat Cultivars

Effects of water stress on dry matter content and partitioning in four grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)

OENO One ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Gómez-del-Campo ◽  
Pilar Baeza ◽  
C. Ruiz ◽  
José Ramón Lissarrague
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Accumulation Pattern

<p style="text-align: justify;">Three-year-old grapevines of four cultivars (Garnacha tinta (Grenache noir), Tempranillo, Chardonnay and Airén) were grown on 35 L container under full irrigation and restricted irrigation conditions in order to determine the effect of water stress on carbohydrate allocation. Total grapevine dry matter was measured at pruning, fruitset, veraison and harvest. Roots, wood, shoots, leaves and clusters were dried separately. Shoots were the most affected organs by water stress, while wood was the least affected. Vines under water stress partitioned more dry matter to wood and roots to the detriment of fruits and shoots. The period from fruitset to veraison was the most active for dry matter accumulation under conditions of stress, whereas non-water stressed vines accumulated more dry matter from veraison to harvest. Under both irrigation treatments, fruits competed with roots for dry matter partitioning. Irrigation treatment and cultivar determined fruit size. Fruit size determined dry matter partitioning between organs and the dry matter accumulation pattern.</p>

scholarly journals Germination and tolerance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cultivars to water stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 407-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanoela P. de Paiva ◽  
Francisco V. da S. Sá ◽  
Salvador B. Torres ◽  
Marcos E. B. Brito ◽  
Romulo C. L. Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Euclidean Distance ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of cowpea cultivars to water stress, during seed germination and seedling establishment. For this, a completely randomized experimental design was used in a factorial scheme consisting of nine cultivars of cowpea (BRS Guariba, BRS Potengi, BRS Itaim, BRS 17 Gurguéia, BRS Aracê, Paulistinha, Maratanã, Costela-de-Vaca and Canapu-Branco) and two levels of osmotic potential induced by PEG 6000 (0.0 MPa (control) and -0.4 MPa) in four replicates of 50 seeds. The variables analysed were germination, germination first count, root and shoot lengths, and dry matter accumulation of shoots and roots. The dissimilarity between the genotypes was also determined by Euclidean distance. Germination and initial development of cowpea cultivars are impaired by the reduction in the potential to -0.4 MPa. The cultivars BRS Guariba, BRS Aracê, Paulistinha and Canapu-Branco are the most tolerant to water stress, while BRS Potengi, BRS Itaim, BRS 17 Gurguéia, BRS Maratanã and Costela-de-Vaca are the most sensitive in the early development stage.

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