Improved Extraction of Abscisic Acid From Plant Tissue

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 421 ◽  
Author(s):  
BR Loveys ◽  
HM van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Enzymic Hydrolysis ◽  
Solvent Residues ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Extracting Solvent

Methods have been developed for the extraction of abscisic acid (ABA) from plant tissues using water as the extracting solvent. Abnormally high levels of ABA were extracted with water at room temperature from some tissues. This was attributed to enzymic hydrolysis of conjugated forms of ABA. This problem was overcome by briefly boiling the plant tissue in water before homogenisation. Subsequent analysis of ABA was by combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry using deuterium-labelled ABA as an internal standard but it is suggested that the method may be particularly suited to assay procedures based on immunological techniques where solvent residues may be undesirable.

Lattice imaging and pore structure of β ferric oxyhydroxide

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-265
Author(s):  
T. Baird ◽  
J.R. Fryer ◽  
S.T. Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Model Structure ◽  
Bulk Crystals ◽  
Lattice Imaging ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Ferric Oxyhydroxide ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Introduction Previously we had suggested (l) that the striations observed in the pod shaped crystals of β FeOOH were an artefact of imaging in the electron microscope. Contrary to this adsorption measurements on bulk material had indicated the presence of some porosity and Gallagher (2) had proposed a model structure - based on the hollandite structure - showing the hollandite rods forming the sides of 30Å pores running the length of the crystal. Low resolution electron microscopy by Watson (3) on sectioned crystals embedded in methylmethacrylate had tended to support the existence of such pores.We have applied modern high resolution techniques to the bulk crystals and thin sections of them without confirming these earlier postulatesExperimental β FeOOH was prepared by room temperature hydrolysis of 0.01M solutions of FeCl3.6H2O, The precipitate was washed, dried in air, and embedded in Scandiplast resin. The sections were out on an LKB III Ultramicrotome to a thickness of about 500Å.

Determination of δ-hexadecansultone in sodium α-olefinesulphonates and liquid detergents using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS)

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (7) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Liliya R. Mubarakova ◽  
German K. Budnikov
Keyword(s):  
Multicomponent Mixture ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Complete Separation ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Detergent ◽  
Cyclic Esters ◽  
Alcohol Water ◽  
Household Chemicals ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Sultones are cyclic esters of hydroxysulfonic acids, which are formed in the process of sulfonation of α-olefins with sulfur trioxide gas. More stable sultones may be present in the final product — an anionic surfactant — sodium α-olefin sulfonate (AOC-Na). AOC-Na is widely used in the production of household chemicals and cosmetic products, including liquid dishwashing detergents. Sultones are strong skin sensitizers, their level in AOC-Na should be strictly controlled and not exceed 5 ppm. Operational and strict control of the sultone content upon AOC-Na production allows timely adjustment at the stage of hydrolysis, which leads to a more complete disclosure of the sultone cycle with the formation of the corresponding olefin sulfonates and hydroxyalkanesulfonates. We propose a method for determining δ-hexadecansultone in liquid dishwashing detergents and sodium α-olefinsulfonates obtained on the basis of α-olefins of C14 – C16 fractions using GC/MS, which provides shortening of sample preparation and keeps the sensitivity with a detection limit of 0.02 mg/kg. The effect of various weakly polar and non-polar organic solvents used for Sultone extraction from AOC-Na and liquid detergent on liquid extraction based on the dispersion of the extractant in an alcohol/water phase is studied. When selecting the solvent we have shown that the use of diethyl ether provided the best extraction of the analyte. Determination of the analyte extraction recovery was performed using the reaction of hydrolysis of the extracted mixture. We specified the operating mode of the device which provided complete separation of the components of the analyzed compounds including the samples of liquid detergent for dishes being a multicomponent mixture of complex composition.

Process intensification for enzyme assisted turmeric starch hydrolysis in hydrotropic and supercritical conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogita P. Labrath ◽  
Prafulla V. Belge ◽  
Uma G. Kulkarni ◽  
Vilas G. Gaikar
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Process Intensification ◽  
Enzyme Treatment ◽  
Starch Hydrolysis ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Natural Form ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Abstract The turmeric rhizome (Curcuma longa) contains curcuminoids embedded in the starch matrix. It is thus important to target starch hydrolysis to enhance extraction of curcuminoids. In the case of starch hydrolysis, α-amylase is more efficient when the starch is in a gelatinised form than when it is in its natural form. The present work includes hydrolysis of turmeric starch in its natural and gelatinised forms using α-amylase in hydrotrope solution (HS) and scCO2. The optimum rate of starch hydrolysis was obtained using 200 IU cm−3 of α-amylase, at reaction conditions of 6.5 pH at 328 K when 10% w/w of turmeric powder was stirred at 900 rpm in HSs. The hydrolysis in 15 MPa scCO2 at room temperature required a phase modifier and 40 min of residence time (RT). The enzyme treatment of turmeric powder in HSs increased the filtration rate for curcuminoid extraction (gelatinised and native) compared to untreated turmeric powder.

scholarly journals β-Glucosidase Activity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum UNQLp 11 in Different Malolactic Fermentations Conditions: Effect of pH and Ethanol Content

Fermentation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Natalia S. Brizuela ◽  
Marina Arnez-Arancibia ◽  
Liliana Semorile ◽  
María Ángeles Pozo-Bayón ◽  
Bárbara M. Bravo-Ferrada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Red Wines ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Glucosidase Activity ◽  
Sorptive Extraction ◽  
Ethanol Content ◽  
Volatile Precursors ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
High Ethanol

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain UNQLp 11 is a lactic acid bacterium with the potential to carry out malolactic fermentation (MLF) in red wines. Recently, the complete genome of UNQLp 11 was sequenced and this strain possesses four loci of the enzyme β-glucosidase. In order to demonstrate that these glucosidase enzymes could be functional under harsh wine conditions, we evaluated the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (p-NPG) in synthetic wine with different ethanol contents (0%, 12%, and 14% v/v) and at different pH values (3.2, 3.5, and 3.8). Then, the hydrolysis of precursor n-octyl β-D-glucopyranoside was analyzed in sterile Pinot Noir wine (containing 14.5% v/v of ethanol, at different pH values) by headspace sorptive extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HSSE-GC/MS). The hydrolysis of p-NPG showed that β-glucosidase activity is very susceptible to low pH but induced in the presence of high ethanol content. Furthermore, UNQLp 11 was able to release the glycosilated precursor n-octyl, during MLF to a greater extent than a commercial enzyme. In conclusion, UNQLp 11 could improve the aromatic profile of the wine by the release of volatile precursors during MLF.

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