The Molecular Mechanism of Photoinhibition — Facts and Fiction

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Critchley
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Proteolytic Degradation ◽  
Reaction Centre ◽  
Herbicide Binding ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
And Function

In this paper, the evidence supporting two different models for the molecular mechanism of photoinhibition is discussed. One hypothesis centres around the suggestion that photoinhibition is due to the loss of the herbicide-binding Dl polypeptide of photosystem II. The other model suggests that damage to a functional group in the reaction centre is the primary cause of photoinhibition. In order to put the apparent controversy into context, recent developments in our understanding of the structure and function of the photosystem II reaction centre are described. Interpretation and judgement of all available evidence suggest primary photoinhibitory damage to be incurred by the reaction-centre chlorophyll P680 destabilising the apoprotein(s) and eventually resulting in their proteolytic degradation and removal from the photosystem II complex and the thylakoid membrane.

Molecular Modelling of the Interaction between DCMU and the QB-Binding Site of Photosystem II

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 191-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon P. Mackay ◽  
Patrick J. O ’Malley
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Binding Site ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reaction Centre ◽  
Protein Model ◽  
Intermolecular Energy ◽  
Herbicide Binding ◽  
Binding Orientations

Abstract The prefered binding orientations for the herbicide DCMU within the QB-binding site of the D 1 protein model from a photosystem II reaction centre have been determined. Calculation of the intermolecular energy between the herbicide and the binding site has been instrumental in obtaining optimum positions reinforced by experimental results from mutation studies and herbicide binding to analogous bacterial reaction centres. We have shown that two binding sites are possible, one involving a hydrogen bond to and the other to the Ser 264 residue. In both cases, which are more important for the stabilization of the interactions.

scholarly journals Estrogen-related Receptor β (ERRβ) – Renaissance Receptor or Receptor Renaissance?

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. nrs.14002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailaja D. Divekar ◽  
Deanna M. Tiek ◽  
Aileen Fernandez ◽  
Rebecca B. Riggins
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Orphan Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Nuclear Receptor Superfamily ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Estrogen Related Receptor

Estrogen-related receptors (ERRs) are founding members of the orphan nuclear receptor (ONR) subgroup of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Twenty-seven years of study have yet to identify cognate ligands for the ERRs, though they have firmly placed ERRα (ESRRA) and ERRγ (ESRRG) at the intersection of cellular metabolism and oncogenesis. The pace of discovery for novel functions of ERRβ (ESRRB), however, has until recently been somewhat slower than that of its family members. ERRβ has also been largely ignored in summaries and perspectives of the ONR literature. Here, we provide an overview of established and emerging knowledge of ERRβ in mouse, man, and other species, highlighting unique aspects of ERRβ biology that set it apart from the other two estrogen-related receptors, with a focus on the impact of alternative splicing on the structure and function of this receptor.

mirror, a Drosophila homeobox gene in the Iroquois complex, is required for sensory organ and alula formation

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (7) ◽  
pp. 1217-1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.T. Kehl ◽  
K.O. Cho ◽  
K.W. Choi
Keyword(s):  
Protein Structure ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Map ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Region ◽  
Sensory Bristles ◽  
And Function

The Drosophila notum, the dorsal body wall of the thorax, is subdivided genetically into longitudinal domains (Calleja, M., Moreno, E., Pelaz, S. and Morata, G. (1996) Science 274, 252–255). Two homeobox genes clustered in the iroquois complex, araucan and caupolican, regulate proneural genes and are required for development of sensory bristles in the lateral notum (Gomez-Skarmeta, J. L., del Corral, R. D., de la Calle-Mustienes, E., Ferres-Marco, D. and Modolell, J. (1996) Cell 85, 95–105). An iroquois-related homeobox gene, mirror, was recently isolated and is localized close to the iroquois complex region (McNeil, H., Yang, C.-H., Brodsky, M., Ungos, J. and Simon, M. A. (1997) Genes and Development 11, 1073–1082; this study). We show that mirror is required for the formation of the alula and a subset of sensory bristles in the lateral domain of the notum. Genetic analysis suggests that mirror and the other iroquois genes interact to form the alula as well as the sensory organs. Based on similarities between mirror and the iroquois genes in their genetic map positions, expression, protein structure and function, mirror is considered a new member of the iroquois complex and is involved in prepatterning sensory precursor cells in the lateral notum.

Polypeptides of Photosystem II: Structure and function

1999 ◽  
pp. 264-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Demetrios F. Ghanotakis ◽  
Georgios Tsiotis ◽  
Terry M. Bricker
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

Thoughts Concerning a New Paradigm of the Photosystem II Region of the Thylakoid Membrane Based on Lipid Structure and Function

1995 ◽  
pp. 170-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul-André Siegenthaler ◽  
Yinong Xu ◽  
Jana Smutny ◽  
Marlyse Meylan Bettex ◽  
Jarmila Vallino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Thylakoid Membrane ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Lipid Structure ◽  
And Function

Observations on the Structure and Function of Cephalic Skin Glands in Bandicoots (Marsupialia: Peramelidae).

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Stoddart
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Hair Shaft ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
The Other ◽  
Courtship Behaviour ◽  
Guard Hair ◽  
Skin Glands ◽  
Skin Gland ◽  
And Function

Bandicoots (Marsupialia : Peramelidae) of the genera Isoodon, Perameles and Macrotis possess either subauricular or interauricular cephalic skin gland complexes. The pig-footed bandicoot Chaeropus is the only genus apparently lacking cephalic skin glands. Skin gland complexes consist of enlarged sebaceous acini and sudoriferous tubules. though the latter are less apparent in Macrotis than the other genera. The surface of the gland complex has a pockmarked appearance with a small depression surrounding each guard hair shaft. The complex increases in activity very markedly during the breeding season in both sexes. but particularly in males. The most noticeable aspect of the pre-breeding hypertrophy is an expansion of the sebaceous element, which presses the sudoriferous element down into the deeper layers of the dermis. It is suggested that the pungent odour secreted by these complexes plays a calming and reassuring role in the courtship behaviour of these solitary and pugnacious small marsupials.

Neuroimaging: Clinical Applications

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 689-690
Author(s):  
Jarl Risberg
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Popular Literature ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Science Volume ◽  
Measurement Technology ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
And Function ◽  
Further Development ◽  
The Brain

Imaging of the structure and function of the human brain has grown to an area with increasing impact on neuropsychological research as well as on the routine clinical evaluation of brain damaged patients. The scientific and popular literature is now flooded by increasingly more spectacular pictures of the brain. The images no longer only illustrate what is well known from earlier research but they do also sometimes provide information of importance for the further development of neuropsychological theories. The two volumes edited by Erin D. Bigler, Neuroimaging I and II, offer a possibility for neuropsychologists and other interested readers to get acquainted with the more recent developments in measurement technology and applications in basic science (Volume I) as well as in the clinic (Volume II). The authors of the 24 chapters are generally outstanding researchers, with impressive expertise within their fields of specialization.

Gender, Hisba and The Enforcement of Morality in Northern Nigeria

Africa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima L. Adamu
Keyword(s):  
Structure And Function ◽  
Political Context ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Moral Framework ◽  
Religious Establishment ◽  
And Function

Vigilantism is a term often used to describe any form of policing and ordering that is non-state, and under analysis ‘vigilantism’ has often emerged as negative, associated with violence and violation of individual rights. However, a closer examination of the origin, practice, function and structure of some of the groups often referred to as vigilantes in Nigeria has revealed that not all of them fit into our understanding of vigilantes as gangs of youths that mete out violence and jungle justice to their victims. Some of these vigilantes have their roots in the community and are a preferred form of policing in Nigeria. Many such groups exist across the shari‘a states of northern Nigeria, drawing their legitimacy from different and sometimes competing sources: the Yan'banga from the Hausa traditional and communal establishment, the hisba from the religious establishment and the Yan'achaba from the political establishment. What can we say about the operation, structure and function of these various `vigilantes'? How is the politicking and struggle between religio-political and Hausa traditionalist elites shaping and reforming these three forms? What impact does this struggle have on women and the vulnerable? This article has two aims. One is to question the over-generalization associated with vigilantism in Nigeria by analysing one form of vigilantism – hisba – within the context of informal policing in Zamfara and Kano states. The other is to situate the issue of vigilantes within the northern Nigerian political context rather than within a simple moral framework that casts vigilantes as violent criminals.

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