Ethylene and 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid as Indicators of Chilling Sensitivity in Various Plant Species

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 377 ◽  
Author(s):  
YZ Chen ◽  
BD Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Chilling Damage ◽  
Chilling Sensitivity ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Rate Of Accumulation

The release of ethylene after warming leaves of plant species which had been stored at 0°C was found to be a good indicator of incipient chilling injury. Ethylene evolution was maximal around the onset of visible symptoms, and was prevented by serious chilling damage. The duration of chilling required to induce ethylene production varied from about 1 h in the very chilling-sensitive tropical herb Episcia reptans to days in cucumber and various species of tropical passionfruit. In a series of six passionfruit species, ranking for chilling sensitivity indicated by ethylene release agreed with their known relative sensitivity to chilling. The compound 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC), which is the immediate metabolic precursor of ethylene, was accumulated during the chilling treatment, and continued to accumulate after warming the leaves to 20°C. The rate of accumulation of ACC during chilling also depended on the sensitivity of the species to chilling, but was not reduced by severe chilling as was the release of ethylene. The level of hydrogen peroxide, which could provide a source of oxidant for the breakdown of ACC to ethylene, did not change significantly during chilling. The results indicate that ethylene and ACC are sensitive indicators of chilling stress. ACC production suggests a possible method for the selection of chilling-resistant genotypes among crop plants.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Chilling Tolerance in Tomato Seedlings

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 645b-645
Author(s):  
Kanogwan Kerdnaimongkol ◽  
Anju Bhatia ◽  
Robert J. Joly ◽  
William R. Woodson
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Chilling Tolerance ◽  
Light Period ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Chilling Sensitivity

Diurnal variation in the chilling sensitivity of tomato seedlings was examined. Sensitivity to chilling in tomato seedlings is a response to light and not under the control of a circadian rhythm. Chilling sensitivity is highest in seedlings chilled at the end of the dark period, and these seedlings become more resistant to chilling injury upon exposure to the light. Diurnal variation in chilling sensitivity was associated with changes in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities. The results show an increase in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities at the end of the light period. The recovery of the net photosynthesis rate following chilling was faster in seedlings chilled at the end of the light period. It is suggested that an increase in catalase and superoxide dismutase activities at the end of light period before the chilling plays a role in the resistance to chilling stress in tomato seedlings. Forty-eight hours of 14°C acclimation or hydrogen peroxide pretreatment conferred chilling tolerance to tomato seedlings and were correlated with elevated catalase activity. Acclimated seedlings still exhibited diurnal variation in chilling sensitivity while hydrogen peroxide treated seedlings showed little evidence of a diurnal variation in chilling sensitivity. Transgenic tomato plants expressing an antisense catalase gene were generated. A several-fold decrease in total catalase has been detected in the leaf extracts of transformants. Preliminary analysis of these plants indicated that modification of reactive oxygen species scavenging in plant system can lead to change in oxidative stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Pre-selection of apple seedlings for partial powdery mildew (Podosphaera leucotricha Ell. et Ev. /Salm./) resistance

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Blažek
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
First Year ◽  
Podosphaera Leucotricha ◽  
Green House ◽  
Healthy State ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Final Selection ◽  
Selection Of

Incidences of powdery mildew were repeatedly evaluated for two years on 1 420 young seedlings of 20 progenies (of different levels of mildew susceptibility) in a green house, and then for 10 years on 642 seedlings in an orchard. Part of the seedlings in the orchard were pre-selected for the characteristic and others not. Except for the first scoring done in the first year, there was no correlation between mildew incidence on individual seedlings in the green house and their mean performance in the orchard. The seedlings with scores above 6 (resistant or tolerant) at the first stage of evaluation in the green house, however, yielded four times more desirable seedlings after final selection in the orchard than the mean of the total. The progenies that had a better healthy state as a whole yielded more partially resistant genotypes than those with low mean scores. Therefore, the progenies that most rapidly develop infestation on the whole lot should be discarded, whereas those that retain a healthy state longer should be subjected to individual selection according to the previous item.

scholarly journals Prioritization and Selection of High Biomass Energy Producing Plant Species at Boset District, Central Ethiopia: An Ethnobotanical Approach 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinsae Bahru Yifru ◽  
Berhane Kidane ◽  
Amsalu Tolessa
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Sampled Data ◽  
High Biomass ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Acacia Senegal ◽  
Selection Of Species ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background: In Ethiopia, about 92.3% of all the biomass energy is consumed by domestic households and the demand is growing from 10-14%. However, there are little/no practical experiences or documented indigenous knowledge on how traditional people identify and select high biomass producing plant species with short rotation periods at Boset District. Therefore, the present study was aimed at: (1) selecting and documenting high biomass energy producing plant species at Boset District; (2) identifying major predictor variables that influence the prioritization and selection of species; and (3) develop a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) to predict the selection of species. Methods: A total of 96 informants comprising 59 men and 37 women between the ages of 18 and 81 were sampled. Data were collected using structured interviews, guided field walk, discussions and field observations. Results: Collected data indicated that 88.5% of the informants involved in firewood collection, while 90% practiced charcoal making. A total of 1533.60 Birr per household on average was earned annually from this activity. A total of 25 firewood and/or charcoal plant species were identified and documented at Boset District. Of these, Acacia senegal, Acacia tortilis and Acacia robusta were the three best prioritized and selected indigenous high biomass producing species. Prosopis juliflora, Parthenium hysterophorus, Azadirachta indica, Calotropis procera, Cryptostegia grandiflora, Lantana camara and Senna occidentalis further grouped under introduced fuelwood species. Prediction of GLM assured sampled Kebeles and source of income generated from fuelwood species positively and significantly (p<0.001) related to selection of species. Higher efficiency to provide energy and heat; little or no smoke or soot; easier to cut and split the wood and easier availability were some of the main selection criteria. Conclusions: This study provides valuable information in selection and documenting of high biomass producing plant species for proper management and sustainable use at Boset District. The three most selected species (A. senegal, A. tortilis and A. robusta) should be further evaluated at laboratory to determine their energy values.

scholarly journals Aggressiveness and physiological specialization of Septoria tritici Rob. isolates

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 414-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Omar Gieco ◽  
Jorge Dubcovsky ◽  
Luis Eduardo Aranha Camargo
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Septoria Tritici ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Plot Design

Pathogenicity tests verifying the behavior of Septoria tritici isolates should be considered as a priority in the selection of resistant wheat materials to this pathogen, since the aggressiveness of each isolate can vary significantly, causing problems in the evaluation and selection of resistant genotypes. The objective of this work was to determine whether physiologic specialization exists among Argentinean and American Septoria tritici isolates, through the analysis of their pathogenicity on cultivars and lines of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The experiments were carried out in Castelar-Argentina and in Davis-USA. In Castelar, a split plot design (n = 4) was used. The cultivars or lines were randomized in the plots and the isolates in the subplots. Each subplot consisted of three plants belonging to a cultivar or line. In Davis, a strip split plot design (n = 6) was used. A pot containing three plants of each cultivar or line constituted the experimental plots. In both sites, the inoculation was made at the flag leaf phenological stage through foliar aspersion of a conidial suspension adjusted to 10(6)-10(8) conidia mL-1. Evaluations were made by recording the leaf area covered with pycnidia (LACP) at the flag leaf stage with the use of rating scales. Differences (P < 0.0001) in LACP were detected among cultivars or lines. Isolate effects and the interaction cultivar × isolate were significant (P < 0.0001). Variations in aggressiveness and virulence were found among the isolates, indicating the presence of horizontal and vertical resistance in the host cultivars.

scholarly journals Alternaria Late Blight (Alternaria alternata) Resistance in Pistachio (Pistacia vera) and Selection of Resistant Genotypes

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chih-Cheng T. Chao ◽  
Dan E. Parfitt ◽  
Themis J. Michailides
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Pistacia Vera ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Cultivar Selection ◽  
Resistant Genotypes ◽  
Selection Of

Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) progeny were evaluated at two locations in California for resistance to alternaria late blight caused by Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler in 1995 and 1997. Large differences in alternaria late blight infection among seedlings were observed. Narrow sense heritabilities based on half-sib analysis of 20 open pollinated families were 0.48 and 0.11 at Kearney Agricultural Center in 1995 and 1997, respectively, and 0.56 and 0.54 at the Wolfskill Experimental Orchard near Davis in 1995 and 1997, respectively. Differences among families to alternaria late blight infection were highly significant and associated with the female parents. Fifty-eight highly resistant seedlings were identified for future cultivar selection efforts.

scholarly journals Synthesis and ADMET Study of Some 1, 8-Naphthyidine and Quinoline 3-Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1932-1938
Author(s):  
Vinod Kumar Gurjar
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Virtual Screening ◽  
Heterocyclic Compound ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Alternate Mechanism ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract: The extremely drug resistant may be a worldwide public ill health in recent years. Molecules with newer targets and an alternate mechanism of action is an urgent requirement of improvement of latest drugs. The utilization of heterocyclic compounds has been increased dramatically over the last 70 years due to their wide selection of technical applications and their favorable environmental and toxicological properties The 1,8-naphthyridine and quinoline 3-carboxylic acid derivatives that we'll manufacture during this method will change the potency and specificity of fluoroquinolones. Taking under consideration the findings, the goal is to style and manufacture 1, 8-naphthyridine and quinoline 3-carboxylic acid derivatives. The synthesized compounds are going to be characterized using multiple analytical techniques, virtual screening, and in-silico ADME/T prediction. Keywords: 1, 8-Naphthyridine, Quinoline, ADMET, Heterocyclic Compound

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