Relating Water Potential Gradients in Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell.) To Transpiration Rate

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
NJ Legge
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Sapwood Area ◽  
Eucalyptus Regnans ◽  
Tree Transpiration ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
Simple Tree

Osmotic tensiometers recording in situ stem water potential, Ψst, were implanted at two heights in the trunks of mountain ash (Eucalyptus regnans) in mature and 1939 regrowth forests. Measurements over one summer showed that Ψst gradients, obtained from the mean Ψst values at each height, reached over 50 kPa/m, with the diurnal maxima generally occurring between 1500 and 1600 h. When Ψst gradients were averaged over 24 h it was found that, unless temperatures were extremely high or the foliage was wet, the average diurnal gradient was linearly related to the average vapour pressure deficit. From this relationship the average diurnal gradient during two earlier summers was estimated to be 23 kPa/m. The forest transpiration rate during this time was estimated to be 4.1 mm/day and when these data, together with sapwood area data, were put into a simple tree transpiration model, the relative conductivity of the sapwood was found to be approximately 7.9 × 10-12 m2.

Hydraulic Characteristics of Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell.) Derived From in situ Measurements of Stem Water Potential

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
NJ Legge ◽  
DJ Connor
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
Stem Water

An osmotic tensiometer has been successfully used for in situ measurements of stem water potential, Ψst, in mountain ash. During spring and early summer when soils were saturated, fluctuations in Ψst, at a given height in different trees were very similar. When Ψst, values were measured at different positions around the circumference of individual trees during late summer, considerable variation between the different positions was recorded. The data at this time also suggest that night temperatures above 17°C can lead to stomatal opening, but this was not confirmed by direct measurement. Possible reasons for apparent discrepancies between leaf and stem water potential measurements are discussed. The time lag between vapour pressure deficit and Ψst was around 2 h whenΨst values were high, but fell to 10 min or less for Ψst values below about - 1.2 MPa. Analysing this time lag in terms of a resistance-capacitance model of water flow made it possible to estimate the storage-to-vessel transfer resistance as 1.7 × 107 Pa s m3 kg-1.

Simultaneous measurements of tomato fruit and stem water potentials using in situ stem hygrometers

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 2352-2355 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Lee ◽  
M. A. Dixon ◽  
R. W. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Potential Gradient ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Simultaneous Measurements ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Stem Water ◽  
Water Potential Gradient

Simultaneous measurements were made of the water potentials of the stem and fruit of intact tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. var. Heinz 2653) using in situ temperature-corrected stem psychrometers. Water potential of the fruit remained consistently lower than the water potential of the stem except when the plant had been subjected to prolonged water stress. Stem water potential recovered quickly with rewatering, increasing by approximately 0.5 MPa in 1 h, but the water potential of the fruit remained consistently near −1.0 MPa. The results indicate a significant resistance to water flow between the stem and the fruit and a substantial hydraulic capacitance represented by the volume of the fruit. Diurnal changes in dimensions of tomato fruit were also measured. Fruit diameter expanded at night and contracted during the day even when the water potential gradient favoured flow towards the fruit. This indicates that bidirectional flow (to and from the fruit) is not responsible for the observed diurnal changes in the fruit dimensions.

scholarly journals Sensitivity and Variability of Maximum Trunk Shrinkage, Midday Stem Water Potential, and Transpiration Rate in Response to Withholding Irrigation from Field-grown Apple Trees

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Naor ◽  
S. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Potential ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Moisture Availability ◽  
Stem Water ◽  
Daily Transpiration

The sensitivity of water stress indicators to changing moisture availability, and their variability, determine the number of measurements that should be taken in order to represent properly plant water status in a certain orchard. In the present study we examined the sensitivity and variability of maximum daily trunk shrinkage, midday stem water potential, and daily transpiration rate in their responses to withholding irrigation from field-grown drip-irrigated `Golden delicious' apple trees in a commercial orchard. Irrigation was withheld from the stressed trees for 17 days starting in mid-July, and the control trees were irrigated daily at 100% of the “Class A” pan evaporation rate. The courses of daily transpiration rate, maximum trunk shrinkage, and midday stem water potential before and 10 days after the drying period were similar in the control and the stressed trees. Highly significant differences between the stressed and the control trees in their midday stem water potentials were apparent from the early stages of the stress period. Daily transpiration rate and maximum daily shrinkage were more variable than midday stem water potential, and differences between treatments became significant only after measurements were expressed relative to the initial values before irrigation was witheld. Differences between treatments (as percentages of the values obtained for the control trees) increased after irrigation stopped where these differences were greatest for maximum daily shrinkage, which reached 90%; moderate for stem water potential (60%); and least for daily transpiration rate, for which the differences remained below 20%. Our data show that the choice of a certain water stress indicator should be based on both the sensitivity to changing moisture availability and the degree of variability. Possible reasons for the different sensitivity to moisture availability and the different variability between the water stress indicators under study are discussed.

Water Relations of Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell.) Forests

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 753 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Connor ◽  
NJ Legge ◽  
NC Turner
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Vertical Gradient ◽  
Stomatal Resistance ◽  
Water Yield ◽  
Eucalyptus Regnans ◽  
Mature Forest ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
Static Head ◽  
Regrowth Forest ◽  
Made In

Measurements of the vertical gradients of water potential and stomatal resistance were made in adjacent mature and regrowth forests of mountain ash to follow diurnal and seasonal behaviour. The vertical gradient of water potential at dawn in either forest was shown to be consistent with the theoretical static head of -0.1 bar m-1 but the daytime gradients in the regrowth forest were steeper (down to - 0.45 bar m-1) than in the mature forest which did not fall below -0.27 bar m-1. Stomatal resistance measurements could not be related to height but, consistent with the water potential data, the leaves of the mature forest had higher resistance to water loss than did those of the regrowth. The observations are discussed in relation to the problems of water supply to the leaves of tall trees and the possible contribution of stomatal control to the established water yield characteristics of mountain ash forests.

scholarly journals The Effect of Irrigation Rate on the Water Relations of Young Citrus Trees in High-Density Planting

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1759
Author(s):  
Said A. Hamido ◽  
Kelly T. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Irrigation Rate ◽  
Biological Stress ◽  
Stem Water ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

The availability and proper irrigation scheduling of water are some of the most significant limitations on citrus production in Florida. The proper volume of citrus water demand is vital in evaluating sustainable irrigation approaches. The current study aims to determine the amount of irrigation required to grow citrus trees at higher planting densities without detrimental impacts on trees’ water relation parameters. The study was conducted between November 2017 and September 2020 on young sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) trees budded on the ‘US-897’ (Cleopatra mandarin x Flying Dragon trifoliate orange) citrus rootstock transplanted in sandy soil at the Southwest Florida Research and Education Center (SWFREC) demonstration grove, near Immokalee, Florida. The experiment contained six planting densities, including 447, 598, and 745 trees per ha replicated four times, and 512, 717, and 897 trees per ha replicated six times. Each density treatment was irrigated at 62% or 100% during the first 15 months between 2017 and 2019 or one of the four irrigation rates (26.5, 40.5, 53, or 81%) based on the calculated crop water supplied (ETc) during the last 17 months of 2019–2020. Tree water relations, including soil moisture, stem water potential, and water supplied, were collected periodically. In addition, soil salinity was determined. During the first year (2018), a higher irrigation rate (100% ETc) represented higher soil water contents; however, the soil water content for the lower irrigation rate (62% ETc) did not represent biological stress. One emitter per tree regardless of planting density supported stem water potential (Ψstem) values between −0.80 and −0.79 MPa for lower and full irrigation rates, respectively. However, when treatments were adjusted from April 2019 through September 2020, the results substantially changed. The higher irrigation rate (81% ETc) represented higher soil water contents during the remainder of the study, the lower irrigation rate (26.5% ETc) represents biological stress as a result of stem water potential (Ψstem) values between −1.05 and −0.91 MPa for lower and higher irrigation rates, respectively. Besides this, increasing the irrigation rate from 26.5% to 81%ETc decreased the soil salinity by 33%. Although increasing the planting density from 717 to 897 trees per hectare reduced the water supplied on average by 37% when one irrigation emitter was used to irrigate two trees instead of one, applying an 81% ETc irrigation rate in citrus is more efficient and could be managed in commercial groves.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document