Development Anatomy in Wheat of Male Sterility Induced by Heat Stress, Water Deficit or Abscisic Acid

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 243 ◽  
Author(s):  
HS Saini ◽  
M Sedgley ◽  
D Aspinall
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Pollen Abortion ◽  
Developmental Anatomy ◽  
Partial Sterility ◽  
Type 3

Well watered wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Gabo) plants grown at 20°C were subjected to heat stress (30°C for 3 days), water stress (leaf water potential -2.54 MPa) or exogenous application of abscisic acid (ABA, 3 × 10-5 M) during meiosis in the pollen mother cells. All these treatments caused male sterility. The developmental anatomy of abortive anthers and pollen grains was studied using light microscopy. The anatomical events leading to pollen abortion in response to heat stress, water stress, and abscisic acid were generally similar. Three developmental sequences leading to sterility were identified. Type 1 was observed in response to heat stress and ABA. Premature tapetal degeneration resulted in periplasmodial invasion of the locule at meiosis and resulted in total sterility. Type 2 was observed in response to water stress when the microspores lost contact with the tapetum at first pollen grain mitosis (PGM I) and the filament degenerated. This also resulted in total sterility. Type 3 was observed in response to all three stresses and led to partial sterility. The microspores completed PGM 1 but a proportion became disoriented from the tapetum and developed no further. Each stress treatment resulted in two groups of abnormal anther locules, one completely sterile and the other partially sterile. Heat stress and ABA resulted in very similar abnormal development which differed only in the proportion of the two types (1 and 3). Water stress produced partial sterility through the same developmental pattern as heat stress and ABA (type 3). The sequence leading to total sterility in water stress affected anthers (type 2) was similar to that resulting in partial sterility (type 3). The results do not support the hypothesis that ABA is the single primary controlling agent in water stress induced sterility and the question of whether similar mechanisms lead to male sterility in response to the three treatments remains unanswered.

scholarly journals TaEXPB5 is responsible for male fertility in thermo-sensitive male-sterility wheat with Aegilops kotschyi cytoplasm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingxia Geng ◽  
Xiaoxia Wang ◽  
Jingchen Wang ◽  
Xuetong Yang ◽  
lingli zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Male Sterility ◽  
Pollen Development ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Pollen Abortion ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Early Degradation

Thermo-sensitive male sterility is of vital importance to heterosis, or hybrid vigor in crop production and hybrid breeding. Therefore, it is meaningful to study the function of the genes related to pollen development and male sterility, which is still not fully understand currently. Here, we conducted comparative analyses to screen fertility related genes using RNA-seq, iTRAQ, and PRM-based assay. A gene encoding expansin protein in wheat, TaEXPB5, was isolated in KTM3315A, which was in the cell wall and preferentially upregulated expression in the fertility anthers. The silencing of TaEXPB5 displayed pollen abortion, the declination or sterility of fertility. Further, cytological investigation indicated that the silencing of TaEXPB5 induced the early degradation of tapetum and abnormal development of pollen wall. These results revealed that the silencing of TaEXPB5 could eliminate the effects of temperature on male fertility, and resulting in functional loss of fertility conversion, which implied that TaEXPB5 may be essential for anther or pollen development and male fertility of KTM3315A. These findings provide a novel insight into molecular mechanism of fertility conversion for thermo-sensitive cytoplasmic male-sterility wheat, and contribute to the molecular breeding of hybrid wheat in the future.

scholarly journals Morphological and Cytological Characterization of Petaloid-type Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Camellia oleifera

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (7) ◽  
pp. 1149-1155
Author(s):  
Huan Xiong ◽  
Ping Chen ◽  
Zhoujun Zhu ◽  
Ya Chen ◽  
Feng Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Male Sterility ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Abnormal Development ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Camellia Oleifera ◽  
Sterile Male ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Pollen Abortion ◽  
Cytological Characteristics

Camellia oleifera is an important woody tree species in China that produces edible oil. Although sterile male C. oleifera plants play an important role in hybrid breeding, the possible cytological characteristics of pollen abortion remain unknown. To characterize the pollen abortion process, a genic petaloid-type sterile male C. oleifera ‘X1’ plant was investigated using a cytological method. The results showed that in male-fertile plants, the anthers were full and butterfly shaped, the pollen viability was as high as 97.5%, and the development of the tapetum and anther vascular bundles was normal. However, in male-sterile C. oleifera ‘X1’, petaloidy in the anther was observed, and the pollen vitality was as low as 4.5%. Pollen abortion in sterile C. oleifera ‘X1’ anthers occurred from the microspore stage to the mature pollen period. Further cytological analyses revealed an abnormally enlarged tapetum and retarded tapetum degeneration, suggesting that insufficient nutrients were provided for microspore development. Moreover, the anther vascular bundles displayed hyperplasia, and the pollen sac area became increasingly smaller, causing most anthers to be sterile and to have few pollen grains. Taken together, the results indicate that petaloid-type male sterility in C. oleifera may be attributed to abnormal development of the tapetum and anther vascular bundles. The findings clarify the pollen abortion period and the cytological characteristics of petaloid-type cytoplasmic male sterility in C. oleifera, and lay a solid foundation for the male sterile line in C. oleifera hybrid breeding.

FUNCTIONAL STATUS AND ADAPTIVE POTENTIAL IN FOREIGN STUDENTS WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF VEGETATIVE REGULATION DURING TUITION

2020 ◽  
pp. 118-126
Author(s):  
A.M. Satarkulova
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Autonomic Regulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Adaptive Abilities

The assessment and dynamic control over students’ status is a very important task. It allows timely detection of prenosological status prior to pathology and health maintenance in students. The objective of the paper is to assess the adaptive abilities of the body, to analyze changes in heart rate variability indicators in students with various types of autonomic regulation, to identify prenosological status and precursory pathological symptoms. Materials and Methods. The study enrolled 302 students from India, aged 21.54±1.43. Programming complex «Psychophysiologist» was used to register the main HRV parameters within 5 minutes. Health status was evaluated according to the index of functional changes and the scale of functional states. Results. N.I. Shlyk (2009) distinguished two groups of students with different types of autonomic regulation: type 1 (53 %) with moderate and type 2 (5 %) with marked characteristics of central regulation profile, type 3 (35 %) with moderate and type 4 (7 %) with marked characteristics of autonomous regulation profile. Main parameters of HRV and adaptation potential were defined for each student.All the parameters characterized functional and health status. Conclusions. It was shown that 82 % of trial subjects (type 1), 53 % (type 2), 94 % (type 3) and 95 % (type 4) demonstrated satisfactory adaptation and their physiological processes were at an optimal level. 18 % of students (type 1) demonstrated reduced adaptive abilities of the body. Moreover, they were under moderate stress. 47 % of subjects (type 2) were also under a significant stress, which was proven by excessively high SI, low SDNN and TP, and an increased index of functional changes. 5 % of students (type 4) revealed dysfunctional characteristics in the heart rhythm, peculiar to pathology. Keywords: foreign students, heart rate variability, types of autonomic regulation, adaptation potential, functional status. Оценка состояния студентов и динамический контроль за ним является важной задачей, поскольку позволяет своевременно выявлять у студентов донозологические состояния, предшествующие патологии, и способствовать сохранению здоровья. Цель. Оценка адаптивных возможностей организма, анализ изменений показателей вариабельности сердечного ритма у студентов с различными типами вегетативной регуляции, выявление донозологических состояний и ранних признаков патологии. Материалы и методы. В исследовании участвовало 302 студента в возрасте 21,54+1,43 года из Индии. Регистрировались основные параметры ВСР в течение 5 мин с использованием программно-аппаратного комплекса «Психофизиолог». Состояние и уровень здоровья оценивались по индексу функциональных изменений и шкале функциональных состояний. Результаты. По способу, предложенному Н.И. Шлык, выделены группы студентов с различными типами вегетативной регуляции: I (53 %) и II типы (5 %) – с умеренным и выраженным преобладанием центрального контура регуляции соответственно, III (35 %) и IV типы (7 %) – с умеренным и выраженным преобладанием автономного контура регуляции соответственно. У каждого из студентов определены основные параметры ВСР и адаптационного потенциала, характеризующие функциональное состояние и уровень здоровья. Выводы. Показано, что для 82 % обследуемых с I типом, 53 % со II типом, 94 % c III типом и 95 % с IV типом регуляции характерно состояние удовлетворительной адаптации, физиологические процессы сохраняются на оптимальном уровне. В группе студентов I типа у 18 % студентов адаптивные возможности организма снижены, выявлено состояние умеренного напряжения. У 47 % обследуемых II типа также зафиксировано состояние резко выраженного напряжения, индикатором которого является чрезмерно высокое значение SI, низкие величины SDNN и ТP, повышенное значение индекса функциональных изменений. В группе студентов с IV типом у 5 % учащихсяв регуляции ритма сердца выявлены дисфункциональные признаки, характерные для патологии. Ключевые слова: иностранные студенты, вариабельность сердечного ритма, типы вегетативной регуляции, адаптационный потенциал, функциональное состояние.

POLIOMYELITIS IN CANADIAN ESKIMOS: LABORATORY STUDIES. V. TYPE 1 AND TYPE 3 POLIOMYELITIS ANTIBODY LEVELS IN BAFFIN ISLAND ESKIMOS

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
W. Wood ◽  
Eina M. Clark ◽  
F. T. Shimada ◽  
A. J. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Baffin Island ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Poliomyelitis Virus ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Type 3

Studies on the basic immunology of poliomyelitis in Canadian Eskimos have been continued. Some 87 sera collected from Eskimos at Pangnirtung, Baffin Island, have been examined for the presence of Type 1 and Type 3 poliomyelitis antibody by quantitative tests in tissue cultures. The same sera were previously examined for Type 2 antibody by quantitative tests in mice. The results of the three determinations are now presented together for comparison. These sera came from Eskimos aged 2 to 72 years of age. None of the Eskimos showed any evidence of paralysis. Examination of the medical records did not suggest that any paralytic disease had been present in this part of Baffin Island. Very few of the sera showed the presence of poliomyelitis antibody; thus, Type 1 antibody was demonstrated in the sera of 8%, Type 2 antibody in the sera of 9%, and Type 3 antibody in the sera of 14%. No significant number of Eskimos below the age of 45 years had acquired poliomyelitis antibody. The antibody titers mostly ranged between 10−1.0 and 10−2.0, and were significantly lower than the titers customarily found in recently paralyzed cases. These findings suggest that poliomyelitis infection occurred in Pangnirtung Eskimos many years before the date on which the samples were taken (1951). These results point to the worldwide prevalence of the three types of poliomyelitis virus.

Primary Root Elongation Rate and Abscisic Acid Levels of Maize in Response to Water Stress

Crop Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen A. Leach ◽  
Lindsey G. Hejlek ◽  
Leonard B. Hearne ◽  
Henry T. Nguyen ◽  
Robert E. Sharp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Root Elongation Rate ◽  
Response To Water

A determination of excitability changes in dorsal spinocerebellar tract neurons from spike-train analysis

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 626-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Knox ◽  
S. Kubota ◽  
R. E. Poppele
Keyword(s):  
Spike Train ◽  
Afferent Input ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Group I ◽  
Long Latency ◽  
Cross Correlation Analysis ◽  
Output Spike ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. Responses of DSCT neurons to random electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves of the hindleg at group I intensity were studied using cross-correlation analysis of the output spike train with the stimulus. Three types of response were found: type 1 was due to monosynaptic activation of DSCT cells, type 2 resulted from inhibition of those cells, and type 3 was due to a long-latency excitation that was probably polysynaptic. 2. Most of the units studied responded to stimulation of both proximal and distal flexor and extensor nerves. The extensive convergence of afferent input on DSCT cells is much greater than has been observed previously, with type 2 and type 3 responses totaling 80% of the observed responses. We attribute this to the sensitivity of the analysis in detecting small changes in postsynaptic excitability. 3. The results of the study, particularly the derivation of postsynaptic excitability changes, generally confirm those of earlier work employing intracellular recording. 4. By varying stimulus rate and stimulus intensity in the group 1 range and simulating the resulting correlations, we conclude that excitability changes in DSCT cells are the net result of complex interactions involving excitation and inhibition. A summary of these findings is presented as a model for the minimum circuitry necessary to account for the observed behavior.

scholarly journals Exercise Heat Stress in Patients With and Without Type 2 Diabetes

JAMA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 322 (14) ◽  
pp. 1409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean R. Notley ◽  
Martin P. Poirier ◽  
Ronald J. Sigal ◽  
Andrew D’Souza ◽  
Andreas D. Flouris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Heat Stress

Toward Personalized Treatment for Patients with Low von Willebrand Factor and Quantitative von Willebrand Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (02) ◽  
pp. 192-200
Author(s):  
James S. O'Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Von Willebrand Factor ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Von Willebrand Disease ◽  
Personalized Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plans ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Von Willebrand ◽  
Willebrand Factor

AbstractThe biological mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 and type 3 von Willebrand disease (VWD) have been studied extensively. In contrast, although accounting for the majority of VWD cases, the pathobiology underlying partial quantitative VWD has remained somewhat elusive. However, important insights have been attained following several recent cohort studies that have investigated mechanisms in patients with type 1 VWD and low von Willebrand factor (VWF), respectively. These studies have demonstrated that reduced plasma VWF levels may result from either (1) decreased VWF biosynthesis and/or secretion in endothelial cells and (2) pathological increased VWF clearance. In addition, it has become clear that some patients with only mild to moderate reductions in plasma VWF levels in the 30 to 50 IU/dL range may have significant bleeding phenotypes. Importantly in these low VWF patients, bleeding risk fails to correlate with plasma VWF levels and inheritance is typically independent of the VWF gene. Although plasma VWF levels may increase to > 50 IU/dL with progressive aging or pregnancy in these subjects, emerging data suggest that this apparent normalization in VWF levels does not necessarily equate to a complete correction in bleeding phenotype in patients with partial quantitative VWD. In this review, these recent advances in our understanding of quantitative VWD pathogenesis are discussed. Furthermore, the translational implications of these emerging findings are considered, particularly with respect to designing personalized treatment plans for VWD patients undergoing elective procedures.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document