Increased C-gain by an endemic Australian pasture grass at elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration when supplied with non-labile inorganic phosphorus

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian J. Barrett ◽  
Roger M. Gifford
Keyword(s):  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
P Concentration ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Citrate Efflux

Limited phosphorus (P) availability in Australia's highly weathered soils may constrain an increase in terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP) with the globally increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentration. We examined whether an Australian temperate pasture grass (Danthonia richardsonii) grown in sand culture and supplied solely with virtually insoluble Al- and Fe-phosphate was able to increase C-gain when exposed to elevated (731 µmol mol −1 ) compared with ambient (379 µmol mol −1 ) CO 2 concentrations. When supplied with 8 mg kg −1 insoluble P concentration, total citrate efflux by root systems (µmol h −1 ), plant P uptake, shoot photosynthesis rates and plant mass were all significantly greater at elevated than at ambient CO 2 after a growth period of between 55 and 63 days. In this treatment, although the P concentration of the rooting medium limited growth at ambient CO 2 , elevated CO 2 increased P-uptake from the non-labile source, increased photosynthesis rates per unit shoot soluble-P and increased plant mass. At P concentrations lower than 8 mg kg −1 , plant mass, specific citrate efflux and maximum leaf carboxylation rates were limited by the amount of P available in the rooting medium and no CO 2 effect was observed. In all treatments, carbon supply did not appear to limit citrate efflux. Where an increase in P uptake at elevated CO 2 was achieved, it was due to an increase in root mass (indicative of a potentially larger soil volume explored) rather than to increased specific rates of citrate efflux. Above 8 mg kg −1 , the supplied P concentration was sufficient that minimal rates of specific citrate efflux alone solubilised enough P for growth and a strong CO 2 effect on plant mass, photosynthesis and P uptake was observed.

scholarly journals Water and phosphorus uptake by upland rice root systems unraveled under multiple scenarios: linking a 3D soil-root model and data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trung Hieu Mai ◽  
Pieterjan De Bauw ◽  
Andrea Schnepf ◽  
Roel Merckx ◽  
Erik Smolders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Phosphorus Uptake ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Multiscale Model ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Plant P Uptake

AbstractBackground and aimsUpland rice is often grown where water and phosphorus (P) are limited and these two factors interact on P bioavailability. To better understand this interaction, mechanistic models representing small-scale nutrient gradients and water dynamics in the rhizosphere of full-grown root systems are needed.MethodsRice was grown in large columns using a P-deficient soil at three different P supplies in the topsoil (deficient, suboptimal, non-limiting) in combination with two water regimes (field capacity versus drying periods). Root architectural parameters and P uptake were determined. Using a multiscale model of water and nutrient uptake, in-silico experiments were conducted by mimicking similar P and water treatments. First, 3D root systems were reconstructed by calibrating an architecure model with observed phenological root data, such as nodal root number, lateral types, interbranch distance, root diameters, and root biomass allocation along depth. Secondly, the multiscale model was informed with these 3D root architectures and the actual transpiration rates. Finally, water and P uptake were simulated.Key resultsThe plant P uptake increased over threefold by increasing P and water supply, and drying periods reduced P uptake at high but not at low P supply. Root architecture was significantly affected by the treatments. Without calibration, simulation results adequately predicted P uptake, including the different effects of drying periods on P uptake at different P levels. However, P uptake was underestimated under P deficiency, a process likely related to an underestimated affinity of P uptake transporters in the roots. Both types of laterals (i.e. S- and L-type) are shown to be highly important for both water and P uptake, and the relative contribution of each type depend on both soil P availability and water dynamics. Key drivers in P uptake are growing root tips and the distribution of laterals.ConclusionsThis model-data integration demonstrates how multiple co-occurring single root phene responses to environmental stressors contribute to the development of a more efficient root system. Further model improvements such as the use of Michaelis constants from buffered systems and the inclusion of mycorrhizal infections and exudates are proposed.

scholarly journals Soil phosphorus bioavailability as influenced by long-term management and applied phosphorus source

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-304
Author(s):  
Tandra D. Fraser ◽  
Derek H. Lynch ◽  
Ivan P. O’Halloran ◽  
R. Paul Voroney ◽  
Martin H. Entz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fractionation ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Term Management

Soil phosphorus (P) availability may be impacted by management practices, thereby affecting plant P uptake and plant response to P amendments. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of long-term management on soil P pools and to assess the response of P bioavailability, plant growth, and P uptake to mineral versus manure P treatments. Soils were collected from plots under organic (ORG), organic with composted manure (ORG + M), conventional (CONV), and restored prairie (PRA) management. Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) seedlings were grown in the greenhouse for 106 d in soils amended with various rates of manure or mineral P. The ORG soil had lower concentrations of labile P (resin-P and NaHCO3-P) compared with the CONV and PRA soils, as determined by sequential P fractionation prior to planting. Ryegrass biomass (root + shoot) and shoot P uptake from soils receiving no P were significantly lower for the ORG than all other management systems. Although apparent P use efficiency of the whole plant was increased by low P rate in the ORG management system, the source of applied P, manure > mineral, only influenced Olsen test P.

Dynamics of phosphorus fractions in soils treated with dairy manure

Soil Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
L. B. Braos ◽  
A. C. T. Bettiol ◽  
L. G. Di Santo ◽  
M. E. Ferreira ◽  
M. C. P. Cruz
Keyword(s):  
P Uptake ◽  
Dairy Manure ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Organic P ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Inorganic P Fractions

The evaluation of phosphorus (P) transformations in soil after application of manure or mineral P can improve soil management and optimise P use by plants. The objectives of the present study were to assess organic and inorganic P forms in two soils treated with dairy manure and triple superphosphate and to establish relationships between soil P fraction levels and P availability. Soil organic and inorganic P fractions were quantified using a pot experiment with two soils, a typical Hapludox and an arenic Hapludult, with three types of fertiliser treatments applied (no fertiliser application, application of dairy manure, and application of triple superphosphate, by adding 100 mg P dm–3 in the form of fertiliser in the two latter treatments) and four incubation times (15, 45, 90, and 180 days). Inorganic P was fractionated into aluminium-bound, iron-bound, occluded, and calcium-bound P. Organic P was extracted sequentially using sodium bicarbonate, hydrochloric acid, microbial biomass, sodium hydroxide, and residual organic P. After incubation, maize plants were cropped to quantify dry matter yield and absorbed P. Application of dairy manure resulted in a significant increase in most of the organic P fractions, and application of triple superphosphate led to a significant increase in inorganic P fractions. Both fertilisers raised labile organic P fractions in the two soils. The major sinks of P in Hapludox were occluded and fulvic acid-associated P. In contrast, the major sink of P in Hapludult was iron-bound P. The available P levels were stable after application of dairy manure, and decreased with time when fertilised with triple superphosphate. In the Hapludox, the organic P fractions had a significant positive correlation with P uptake by plants. The results suggest that organic P mineralisation plays a more significant role in plant P uptake in the Hapludox soil and inorganic P forms are the main contributors to plant P uptake in the Hapludult soil.

Transcriptional regulation of phosphate transporters from Lolium perenne and its mycorrhizal symbionts in response to phosphorus supply

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qianhe Liu ◽  
Anthony J. Parsons ◽  
Hong Xue ◽  
Chris S. Jones ◽  
Susanne Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonisation

Phosphate (P) uptake is critical for plant growth, but to date little is known about P uptake and transport in the pasture grass Lolium perenne L. We have identified a putative P transporter (PT) from L. perenne mycorrhizal roots (LpPT1) and assessed its transcriptional regulation by soil P availability and mycorrhizal colonisation. We also investigated transcript levels of fungal PTs from the two arbuscular mycorrhizal species Rhizophagus intraradices and Funneliformis mosseae. Our analyses indicated that LpPT1 codes for a high affinity PT most likely responsible for direct P uptake from the soil. LpPT1 is highly expressed in roots of plants grown at low P, whereas high P repressed its expression. LpPT1 was not expressed in above-ground plant tissues. Colonisation with R. intraradices did not affect expression of LpPT1 significantly. Transcript levels of the R. intraradices PT were not affected by P availability but the F. mosseae PT was repressed by high P supply, particularly in intraradical hyphae. Our study could assist in deciphering the molecular mechanisms of P uptake in the pasture grass L. perenne.

scholarly journals Acidified Animal Manure Products Combined with a Nitrification Inhibitor Can Serve as a Starter Fertilizer for Maize

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1941
Author(s):  
Iria Regueiro ◽  
Peter Siebert ◽  
Jingna Liu ◽  
Dorette Müller-Stöver ◽  
Lars Stoumann Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Nitrification Inhibitor ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Atmospheric Environment ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Starter Fertilizer ◽  
Plant P Uptake

There is an urgent need for better management practices regarding livestock farm nutrient imbalances and for finding alternatives to the actual use of mineral fertilizers. Acidification of animal manure is a mitigation practice used to reduce ammonia emissions to the atmospheric environment during manure storage and land application. Acidification modifies manure physicochemical characteristics, among which soluble N and P significantly increase. The main objective of this study was to investigate if acidification and the addition of a nitrification inhibitor to manure and placement of the treated manure close to the seed can stimulate maize growth by enhancing nutrient availability, specially P and consequently plant P uptake, at early development stages without the use of mineral N and P as a starter fertilizer. Raw dairy slurry and solid fractions from dairy slurry and digestate from a biogas plant were acidified to pH 5.5 and applied with or without a nitrification inhibitor (DMPP, 3,4-dimethyl pyrazole phosphate) to maize in a pot experiment, where biomass productivity, nutrient uptake and soil P availability were examined. Acidification increased the water-extractable P fraction of all slurry and digestate organic residues (by 20–61% of total P) and consequently plant P uptake from solid fractions of both slurry and digestate compared to the untreated products (by 47–49%). However, higher plant biomass from acidification alone was only achieved for the slurry solid fraction, while the combination of acidification and DMPP also increased plant biomass in the digestate solids treatment (by 49%). We therefore conclude that the combination of acidification and a nitrification inhibitor can increase the starter fertilizer value of slurry and digestate products sufficiently to make them suitable as a maize starter fertilizer.

scholarly journals Four soil phosphorus (P) tests evaluated by plant P uptake and P balancing in the Ultuna long-term field experiment

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarosch Klaus A ◽  
Santner Jakob ◽  
Parvage Mohammed Masud ◽  
Gerzabek Martin Hubert ◽  
Zehetner Franz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
Plant P Uptake ◽  
Soil P Tests ◽  
Water Extractable ◽  
Term Field

Soil phosphorus (P) availability was assessed with four different soil P tests on seven soils of the Ultuna long-term field experiment (Sweden). These four soil P tests were (1) P-H<sub>2</sub>O (water extractable P); (2) P-H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>C10</sub> (water extractable P upon 10 consecutive extractions); (3) P-AL (ammonium lactate extractable P) and (4) P-C<sub>DGT</sub> (P desorbable using diffusive gradients in thin films). The suitability of these soil P tests to predict P availability was assessed by correlation with plant P uptake (mean of preceding 11 years) and soil P balancing (input vs. output on plot level for a period of 54 years). The ability to predict these parameters was in the order P-H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>C10</sub> &gt; P-C<sub>DGT</sub> &gt; P-H<sub>2</sub>O &gt; P-AL. Thus, methods considering the P-resupply from the soil solid phase to soil solution performed clearly better than equilibrium-based extractions. Our findings suggest that the P-AL test, commonly used for P-fertilizer recommendations in Sweden, could not predict plant P uptake and the soil P balance in a satisfying way in the analysed soils.

scholarly journals A functional–structural model of upland rice root systems reveals the importance of laterals and growing root tips for phosphate uptake from wet and dry soils

2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pieterjan De Bauw ◽  
Trung Hieu Mai ◽  
Andrea Schnepf ◽  
Roel Merckx ◽  
Erik Smolders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Root Segments ◽  
Plant P Uptake

Abstract Background and Aims Upland rice is often grown where water and phosphorus (P) are limited. To better understand the interaction between water and P availability, functional–structural models that mechanistically represent small-scale nutrient gradients and water dynamics in the rhizosphere are needed. Methods Rice was grown in large columns using a P-deficient soil at three P supplies in the topsoil (deficient, sub-optimal and non-limiting) in combination with two water regimes (field capacity vs. drying periods). Root system characteristics, such as nodal root number, lateral types, interbranch distance, root diameters and the distribution of biomass with depth, as well as water and P uptake, were measured. Based on the observed root data, 3-D root systems were reconstructed by calibrating the structural architecure model CRootBox for each scenario. Water flow and P transport in the soil to each of the individual root segments of the generated 3-D root architectures were simulated using a multiscale flow and transport model. Total water and P uptake were then computed by adding up the uptake by all the root segments. Key Results Measurements showed that root architecture was significantly affected by the treatments. The moist, high P scenario had 2.8 times the root mass, double the number of nodal roots and more S-type laterals than the dry, low P scenario. Likewise, measured plant P uptake increased &gt;3-fold by increasing P and water supply. However, drying periods reduced P uptake at high but not at low P supply. Simulation results adequately predicted P uptake in all scenarios when the Michaelis–Menten constant (Km) was corrected for diffusion limitation. They showed that the key drivers for P uptake are the different types of laterals (i.e. S- and L-type) and growing root tips. The L-type laterals become more important for overall water and P uptake than the S-type laterals in the dry scenarios. This is true across all the P treatments, but the effect is more pronounced as the P availability decreases. Conclusions This functional–structural model can predict the function of specific rice roots in terms of P and water uptake under different P and water supplies, when the structure of the root system is known. A future challenge is to predict how the structure root systems responds to nutrient and water availability.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Aplikasi Mikoriza dan Bahan Pembenah terhadap Sifat Kimia dan Serapan Fosfor di Tanah Pasir

SoilREns ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aktavia Herawati ◽  
Jauhari Syamsiyah ◽  
Mujiyo Mujiyo ◽  
Mapan Rochmadtulloh
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Water Retention Capacity ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
P Concentration

Sandy soil has limitations factor in supporting plant growth such as low soil organic carbon (SOC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), macro-micro nutrient content, water retention capacity, and high permeability rate. To improve soil conditions, it can be done by adding mycorrhizae and soil amendments. This study aimed to determine the effect of mycorrhizae application and soil amendments on the P availability and P uptake of plants in sandy soil. The research was conducted in a greenhouse of Agricultural Faculty, Sebelas Maret University. Used a completely randomized design consisting of 2 factors. The first factor was mycorrhizae with 2 levels, namely without mycorrhizae (M0) and mycorrhizae with 6 spores/plants (M1). The second factor was soil amendments; without amendment (P0), cow manure 60 tons/ha (P1), rock phosphate 150 kg/ha (P2), and combination of cow manure 60 tons/ha and rock phosphate 150 kg/ha (P3). The results showed that the application of mycorrhizae and soil amendments significantly increased available P, SOC, CEC, P concentration, and P uptake. Interaction of mycorrhizae 6 spores/plant and rock phosphate 150 kg/ha was able to increase the availability of soil P up to 12.8 times, plant tissue P concentration up to 1.4 times, and P uptake up to 2.27 times compared to the control. Application of mycorrhizae 6 spores/plant and cow manure of 60 tons/ha gave the best results on SOC and mycorrhizae with a combination of cow manure and rock phosphate gave the best results on CEC.

Corrigendum to: Phosphorus efficiencies and their effects on Zn, Cu, and Mn nutrition of different barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivars grown in sand culture

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 503
Author(s):  
Y.-G Zhu ◽  
F. A. Smith ◽  
S. E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
P Influx ◽  
Mapping Populations

A sand-culture experiment was carried out in a growth chamber to investigate the phosphorus (P) efficiencies of 8 barley cultivars that are parents of 4 mapping populations, and the effects of P nutrition on plant uptake of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn). Two sources of phosphate were used, rock phosphate (sparingly soluble) and CaHPO4 (readily available). There were significant differences in P uptake and utilisation efficiencies between the 8 cultivars. Among the cultivars, the Sahara–Clipper pair is of the most interest, because these 2 cultivars had large differences in root/shoot ratios, P allocation between root and shoot, and P uptake/utilisation efficiencies. Higher P availability significantly reduced plant Zn uptake and tissue concentrations in all cultivars. Shoot Zn concentrations were found to decrease significantly with P influx to the xylem (P < 0.01), indicating that genotypic variations in P translocation from roots to shoots may interact with Zn accumulation in shoots. Higher P availability reduced Cu concentrations in shoots, probably due to a dilution effect. P availability (rock phosphate v. CaHPO4) seemed to affect plant uptake of Mn in some cultivars, but further study is needed to elucidate the mechanisms involved and the practical implications of this interaction in Mn-deficient soils.

Phosphorus efficiencies and their effects on Zn, Cu, and Mn nutrition of different barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivars grown in sand culture

2002 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.-G. Zhu ◽  
F. A. Smith ◽  
S. E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
P Influx ◽  
Mapping Populations

A sand-culture experiment was carried out in a growth chamber to investigate the phosphorus (P) efficiencies of 8 barley cultivars that are parents of 4 mapping populations, and the effects of P nutrition on plant uptake of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn). Two sources of phosphate were used, rock phosphate (sparingly soluble) and CaHPO4 (readily available). There were significant differences in P uptake and utilisation efficiencies between the 8 cultivars. Among the cultivars, the Sahara–Clipper pair is of the most interest, because these 2 cultivars had large differences in root/shoot ratios, P allocation between root and shoot, and P uptake/utilisation efficiencies. Higher P availability significantly reduced plant Zn uptake and tissue concentrations in all cultivars. Shoot Zn concentrations were found to decrease significantly with P influx to the xylem (P < 0.01), indicating that genotypic variations in P translocation from roots to shoots may interact with Zn accumulation in shoots. Higher P availability reduced Cu concentrations in shoots, probably due to a dilution effect. P availability (rock phosphate v. CaHPO4) seemed to affect plant uptake of Mn in some cultivars, but further study is needed to elucidate the mechanisms involved and the practical implications of this interaction in Mn-deficient soils.

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