Altitudinal Variation in the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Snow Gum, Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieb. ex Spreng. IV. Temperature Response of Four Populations Grown at Different Temperatures

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 583 ◽  
Author(s):  
RO Slayter
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Tree Line ◽  
Temperature Optimum ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Preferred Temperature ◽  
Co2 Compensation Point ◽  
Preferred Temperatures

Photosynthetic temperature response curves were measured at leaf temperatures from 10 to 40°C on seedlings of E. pauciflora grown from seed collected at tree-line (elevation 1905 m) in the Snowy Mountains area and at three lower elevations, 915, 1215 and 1645 m, which correspond to those used in an earlier field study (Slatyer and Morrow 1977). The material was grown in naturally lit, temperature-controlled greenhouses at day/night temperatures of 8/4, 15/10, 21/16, 27/22 and 33/28°C. Comprehensive measurements were made on the tree-line population, in which peak rates of net photosynthesis, Pamb, reached 75 ng cm-2 s-1 at a temperature of 20�°C, from material grown at 21/16°. Minimum levels of intracellular resistance, rt, were 2.8 s cm-1, and of leaf gas-phase resistance to CO2 transfer, r1, were 3.2 s cm-1. Changes in rt and r1, with measurement temperature, appeared to be of approximately equal importance in mediating the overall photosynthetic temperature response. Changes in the CO2 compensation point, Γ were of increasing importance at higher measurement temperatures. The photosynthetic temperature optimum was markedly affected by the growth temperature regime. In the tree-line population, it increased from about 16° when grown at 8/4° to 24° when grown at 33/28°. The relationship between the observed photosynthetic temperature optimum and the day temperature of the growth regime indicated a preferred temperature for photosynthesis of 20.0°, and a tendency for the temperature optimum to shift by 0.34° per degree shift in the day growth temperature. A similar effect of growth temperature on the photosynthetic temperature optimum was noted in the three lower-elevation populations, in which preferred temperatures of 21.5, 24.2 and 27.2° were calculated for the material collected at 1645, 1215 and 915 m respectively. These temperatures were several degrees higher than the field-observed temperature optima, although the gradient of preferred temperature with elevation was comparable to that noted in the field study.

Altitudinal Variation in the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Snow Gum, Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieb. ex Spreng. VI. Comparison of Field and Phytotron Responses to Growth Temperature

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 901 ◽  
Author(s):  
RO Slayter
Keyword(s):  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Equivalent Temperature ◽  
Temperature Optimum ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Preferred Temperature ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Field Temperature ◽  
Temperature Optima

A procedure for estimating field photosynthetic temperature optima from phytotron temperature response data, for elevational populations of E. pauciflora, is developed. It utilizes the principle that each population has a preferred temperature, Tpref, and an acclimation coefficient, α, which can be determined from phytotron-derived temperature response curves, and which enable the photosynthetic temperature optimum observed in a particular field temperature regime (Test) to be estimated from the expression Test = Tpref - α(Tpref - Tequiv), where Tequiv is a field temperature equivalent, in terms of its effect on the photosynthetic temperature optimum, to a known phytotron growth temperature. Application of the procedure to sets of field and greenhouse data suggests that when Tpref and α are based on phytotron day growth temperatures, and when Tequiv is based on the proposition that a square-wave conversion of the field day-time temperature curve is equivalent to the phytotron day growth temperature, estimates of field and greenhouse temperature optima can be made which give good agreement with observed values. The agreement is best when active, current-year tissue is used as a basis of the field observations and when single leaves rather than shoots are used for field measurements. The procedure is also used to compare actual rates of net photosynthesis, Pamb, obtained from field and phytotron studies, when both are plotted against equivalent temperature. Using this procedure, the large apparent differences between rates of net photosynthesis observed in the field and in the phytotron can be considerably reduced. This suggests that the notion of equivalent temperature may provide a useful means of minimizing the effects of physical, temperature-related differences in comparing field and phytotron responses, thereby widening the range of practical applications of phytotron experiments.

Altitudinal Variation in the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Snow Gum, Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieb. Ex Spreng. III. Temperature Response of Material Grown in Contrasting Thermal Environments

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
RO Slatyer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Site Location ◽  
Temperature Optimum ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Thermal Environments

Photosynthetic temperature response curves were measured on seedlings of E. pauciflora grown from seed collected at high (1770 m) and low (915 m) elevation sites, in the Snowy Mountains. The material was grown in contrasting day/night temperature regimes (33/28 and 15/10°C) in the Canberra phytotron. The material from the high elevation site showed a temperature optimum at about 20°C when grown at 15/10°C and at about 25°C when grown at 33/28°C. By comparison, the temperature optimum for the low elevation material was near 25° when grown at 15/10°C and shifted to about 30° when grown at 33/28°C. The general form of the temperature response curves was similar for both sets of material, although net photosynthesis of the higher elevation material dropped off more rapidly at temperatures above and below the optimum. When grown at 15/10�C, peak Ievels of net photosynthesis were higher in the high elevation material (66 ng cm-2 s-1 v. 54 ng cm-2 s-1). When grown at 33/28°C, peak levels were higher in the low elevation material (78 ng cm-2 s-1 v. 60 ng cm-2 s-1). Similar response patterns were observed in intracellular resistance, ri, and gas phase resistance, ri, although there was relatively more change in ri, and relatively less change in ri, with respect to growth temperature and material, than in net photosynthesis. The most conservative parameter that was measured was the CO2 compensation point, Γ. Although it showed a strong dependence on measurement temperature, Γ was not significantly influenced by growth temperature or site location at the levels of probability used.

Altitudinal Variation in the Photosynthetic Characteristics of Snow Gum, Eucalyptus pauciflora Sieb. Ex Spreng. II. Effects of Growth Temperature Under Controlled Conditions

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
RO Slatyer ◽  
PJ Ferrar
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Temperature Optimum ◽  
Altitudinal Variation ◽  
Intracellular Resistance ◽  
Photosynthetic Responses

The photosynthetic responses of three altitudinal populations of snow gum, E. pauciflora Sieb. ex Spreng., were examined on material grown at a range of day/night temperatures from 8/4 to 33/28°C. The pattern of the photosynthetic responses to growth temperature was generally similar for all populations but the material from the lowest-elevation, warmest, site showed the highest temperature optimum and significantly higher rates of net photosynthesis at the highest growth temperature. In a corresponding way, the material from the highest-elevation, coldest, site showed the lowest temperature optimum, and significantly higher rates of net photosynthesis at the lowest growth temperature. This pattern, also reflected in the responses of rI, the intracellular resistance, and rI, the gas-phase resistance, supported the view that E. pauciflora shows continuous variation in physiological responses through its altitudinal range. The peak values of net photosynthesis were high for all populations, but were greatest, 81 ng cm-2 s-1, in the lowest elevation material and decreased to 72 ng cm-2 s-1 in the highest-elevation material. Corresponding values of rI ranged from 2.5 - 3.0 s cm-1, and for rI from 2.4 - 3.3 s cm-1. These levels compare favourably with levels reported for other woody species.

Temperature Response of Whole-plant CO2 Exchange Rates of Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora L.)

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 511d-511
Author(s):  
Marc W. van Iersel ◽  
Orville M. Lindstrom
Keyword(s):  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Co2 Exchange ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Gross Photosynthesis ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Photosynthesis and respiration temperature-response curves are useful in predicting the ability of plants to perform under different environmental conditions. Whole crop CO2 exchange of two groups of magnolia `Greenback' plants was measured over a 26 °C temperature range. Net photosynthesis (Pnet) increased from 2 to 17% C and decreased again at higher temperatures. The Q10 for Pnet decreased from ≈4 at 6 °C to 0.5 at 24 °C. The decrease in Pnet at temperatures over 17 °C was caused by a rapid increase in dark respiration (Rdark) with increasing temperature. The Q10 for Rdark was estimated by fitting an exponential curve to data, resulting in a temperature-independent Q10 of 2.8. Gross photosynthesis (Pgross), estimated as the sum of Rdark and Pnet, increased over the entire temperature range (up to 25 °C). The Q10 for Pgross decreased with increasing temperature, but remained higher than 1. The data suggest that high respiration rates may be the limiting factor for growth of magnolia exposed to high temperatures, since it may result in a net carbon loss from the plants. At temperatures below 5 °C, both Pnet and Rdark become low and the net CO2 exchange of the plants would be expected to be minimal.

Photosynthetic light and temperature responses of Eucalyptus cloeziana and Eucalyptus argophloia

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Ngugi ◽  
Mark A. Hunt ◽  
David Doley ◽  
Paul Ryan ◽  
Peter J. Dart
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photon Flux Density ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Eucalyptus Cloeziana

Acclimation of gas exchange to temperature and light was determined in 18-month-old plants of humid coastal (Gympie) and dry inland (Hungry Hills) provenances of Eucalyptus cloeziana F.Muell., and in those of a dry inland provenance of Eucalyptus argophloia Blakely. Plants were acclimated at day/night temperatures of 18/13, 23/18, 28/23 and 33/28�C in controlled-temperature glasshouses for 4 months. Light and temperature response curves were measured at the beginning and end of the acclimation period. There were no significant differences in the shape and quantum-yield parameters among provenances at 23, 28 and 33�C day temperatures. Quantum yield [μmol CO2 μmol–1 photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD)] ranged from 0.04 to 0.06 and the light response shape parameter ranged from 0.53 to 0.78. Similarly, no consistent trends in the rate of dark respiration for plants of each provenance were identified at the four growth temperatures. Average values of dark respiration for the plants of the three provenances ranged from 0.61 to 1.86 μmol m–2 s–1. The optimum temperatures for net photosynthesis increased from 23 to 32�C for the humid- and from 25 to 33�C for the dry-provenance E. cloeziana and from 21 to 33�C for E. argophloia as daytime temperature of the growth environment increased from 18 to 33�C. These results have implications in predicting survival and productivity of E. cloeziana and E. argophloia in areas outside their natural distribution.

scholarly journals (112) Heat and Drought Affect Photosynthesis of Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) Ecotypes

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1079A-1079
Author(s):  
Jason J. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Original Weight ◽  
Prolonged Drought

Common sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall) selections suffer from prolonged drought and constant wind on the southern Great Plains. Nonirrigated plants often have scorched and torn leaves as a result of these environmental stresses. In field studies, a sugar maple ecotype native to western Oklahoma (known as `Caddo' maple) has shown improved tolerance to drought and leaf tatter. A study to examine drought tolerance of seedling `Caddo' maple compared to typical seedling sugar maple was established at the John C. Pair Horticultural Center. One seedling of each type was planted in a single 38-L container. Containers were placed on a greenhouse bench, and once acclimated, irrigation was withheld until predawn leaf water potential indicated a substrate water potential of –1.5 MPa. Containers were weighed, and seedlings were maintained in a prolonged drought condition for 3 weeks by adding water each morning to return the container to the original weight. After 3 weeks, photosynthetic temperature response curves were generated for the drought-stressed and the irrigated control plants. Osmotic potential of expressed sap was also measured on rehydrated leaves. The main effects of species, irrigation, and temperature were all significant. `Caddo' maples were able to maintain a higher rate of net photosynthesis than the typical seedlings when drought stressed and as temperature increased. The optimum temperature for photosynthesis did not significantly differ among treatments (36 °C), whereas the maximum rate of photosynthesis was significantly greater for the `Caddo' maples (41 μmol·m-2·s-1) than the typical sugar maples (16 μmol·m-2·s-1).

scholarly journals Occurrence data may provide unreliable thermal preferences and breadth of species

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 972-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Villén-Pérez ◽  
Luis M. Carrascal
Keyword(s):  
Species Abundance ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Classical Approach ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Preferred Temperature ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Occurrence Data ◽  
Thermal Preferences

Abstract Accurate information on the thermal preference and specialization of species is needed to understand and predict species geographical range size and vulnerability to climate change. Here we estimate the position and breadth of species within thermal gradients based on the shape of the response curve of species abundance to temperature. The objective of the study is to compare the measurements of this approach based on abundance data with those of the classical approach using species’ occurrence data. The relationship between species’ relative abundance and minimum winter temperature of 106 bird species wintering in the Iberian Peninsula is modeled at 100 Km2 resolution with quadratic logistic regressions. From these models we calculated the preferred temperature of species as the temperature at which the abundance is maximized, and the thermal breadth of species as the relative area under the temperature-abundance curve. We also estimated the thermal preferences and breadth of species as the average temperature and temperature range of the UTM cells in which the species are present. The abundance-temperature response curves reveal that birds prefer higher temperatures to overwinter, and are more thermally selective, than is measured by the classical approach. Moreover, response curves detect a higher inter-specific variability in both thermal preferences and thermal breadth of species. As occurrence data gives the same weight to cells with one or many individuals, the average temperature of the cells in which the species is present roughly reflects the average temperature in the region of study and not the environmental preferences of species.

scholarly journals Continental vs. Global Niche-Based Modelling of Freshwater Species’ Distributions: How Big Are the Differences in the Estimated Climate Change Effects?

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 816
Author(s):  
Danijela Markovic ◽  
Jörg Freyhof ◽  
Oskar Kärcher
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Preferred Temperature ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Management Actions

Thermal response curves that depict the probability of occurrence along a thermal gradient are used to derive various species’ thermal properties and abilities to cope with warming. However, different thermal responses can be expected for different portions of a species range. We focus on differences in thermal response curves (TRCs) and thermal niche requirements for four freshwater fishes (Coregonus sardinella, Pungitius pungitius, Rutilus rutilus, Salvelinus alpinus) native to Europe at (1) the global and (2) European continental scale. European ranges captured only a portion of the global thermal range with major differences in the minimum (Tmin), maximum (Tmax) and average temperature (Tav) of the respective distributions. Further investigations of the model-derived preferred temperature (Tpref), warming tolerance (WT = Tmax − Tpref), safety margin (SM = Tpref − Tav) and the future climatic impact showed substantially differing results. All considered thermal properties either were under- or overestimated at the European level. Our results highlight that, although continental analyses have an impressive spatial extent, they might deliver misleading estimates of species thermal niches and future climate change impacts, if they do not cover the full species ranges. Studies and management actions should therefore favor whole global range distribution data for analyzing species responses to environmental gradients.

scholarly journals Differences in Leaf Temperature between Lianas and Trees in the Neotropical Canopy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Antonio Guzmán Q. ◽  
G. Arturo Sánchez-Azofeifa ◽  
Benoit Rivard
Keyword(s):  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Temperature Responses ◽  
Photosynthesis And Respiration

Leaf temperature (Tleaf) influences photosynthesis and respiration. Currently, there is a growing interest on including lianas in productivity models due to their increasing abundance, and their detrimental effects on net primary productivity in tropical environments. Therefore, understanding the differences of Tleaf between lianas and trees is important for future of forest on whole ecosystem productivity. Here we determined the displayed leaf temperature (Td= Tleaf – ambient temperature) of several species of lianas and their host trees during ENSO and non-ENSO years to evaluate if the presence of lianas affects the Td of their host trees, and if leaves of lianas and their host trees exhibit differences in Td. Our results suggest that close to midday, the presence of lianas does not affect the Td of their host trees; however, lianas tend to have higher values of Td than their hosts across seasons, in both ENSO and non-ENSO years. Although lianas and trees tend to have similar physiological-temperature responses, differences in Td could lead to significant differences in rates of photosynthesis and respiration based temperature response curves. Future models should thus consider differences in leaf temperature between these life forms to achieve robust predictions of productivity.

scholarly journals Preferred temperature and thermal breadth of birds wintering in peninsular Spain – the limited effect of temperature on species distribution

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis M. Carrascal ◽  
Sara Villén-Pérez ◽  
David Palomino
Keyword(s):  
Species Abundance ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Preferred Temperature ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Thermal Preferences ◽  
Peninsular Spain

Background. Availability of environmental energy, as measured by temperature, is expected to limit the abundance and distribution of endotherms wintering at temperate latitudes. A prediction of this hypothesis is that birds should attain their highest abundances in warmer areas. However, there may be a spatial mismatch between species preferred habitats and species preferred temperatures, so some species might end-up wintering in sub-optimal thermal environments. Methods. We model the influence of minimum winter temperature on the relative abundance of 106 terrestrial bird species wintering in peninsular Spain, at 10x10 Km2 resolution, using 95%-quantile regressions. We analyze general trends across species on the shape of the response curves, the environmental preferred temperature (at which the species abundance is maximized), the mean temperature in the area of distribution and the thermal breadth (area under the abundance-temperature curve). Results. There is a large interspecific variability on the thermal preferences and specialization of species. Despite this large variability, there is a preponderance of positive relationships between species abundance and temperature, and on average species attain their maximum abundances in areas 1.9 ºC warmer than the average temperature available in peninsular Spain. The mean temperature in the area of distribution is lower than the thermal preferences of the species, although both parameters are highly correlated. Discussion. Most species prefer the warmest environments to overwinter, which suggests that temperature imposes important restrictions to birds wintering in the Iberian Peninsula. However, most individuals overwinter in locations colder than the species thermal preferences, probably reflecting a limitation of environments combining habitat and thermal preferences. Beyond these general trends, there is a high inter-specific variation in the versatility of species using the available thermal space .

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