Influence of Flooding on the Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity of Roots of Trifolium subterraneum L.

1974 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
CM Francis ◽  
AC Devitt ◽  
P Steele
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Anaerobic Respiration ◽  
Trifolium Subterraneum ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Flooding Tolerance ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Adh Activity ◽  
Pot Culture ◽  
Flooding Period

Flooding the roots of T. subterraneum grown in sand culture induced large (often 30-fold) increases in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity, indicative of anaerobic respiration. In pot culture the levels of ADH activity were lower in varieties of subspecies yanninicum than in varieties of subspecies brachycalycinum and subterraneum. The varieties took 6–9 days to reach maximum ADH values, indicating a flooding period of this order is suitable in varietal testing for flooding tolerance. Lower ADH levels in subspecies yanninicum were not evident when the roots were tested after 3 days in anaerobic solution culture.

scholarly journals Adaptedness of Variants at an Alcohol Dehydrogenase Locus in Bromus mollis L. (Soft Bromegrass)

1976 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADH Brown ◽  
DR Marshall ◽  
J Munday
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Continuous Flooding ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Adh Activity ◽  
Bromus Mollis

Alcohol dehydrogenase is highly polymorphic in many plant and animal species. Here we report evidence that the naturally occurring, electrophoretically detectable allozyme variants of the AdhlB locus in B. mollis can respond differentially to environmental stresses. It is argued that alcohol dehydrogenase activity is specifically involved in response to these stresses. Crude extracts of predominantly selfed seeds sampled from plants of known Adh1B genotype were assayed for their ADH activity in the forward and backward reactions. The seeds from Adh~B Adh~B plants produced extracts about 12 % less active in both directions than seeds from their Adh~BAdh~B counterparts. Such Adh~BAdh~B plants were also shown to produce about 13% more dry matter when grown under continuous flooding in the greenhouse whereas no difference between genotypes was detected in control pots. The seeds of Adh~B Adh~B plants showed an advantage over the alternative homozygotes in more rapid germination at 2�C, but no difference was found at 15�C. Thus the variants are differentially adapted, and this is likely to playa role in the maintenance of the polymorphism in natural populations.

scholarly journals Alcohol dehydrogenase activity in Drosophila melanogaster: a quantitative character

1975 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Structural Gene ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Quantitative Character ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Activity Modifiers ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Adh Activity

SUMMARYAlcohol dehydrogenase activity in Drosophila melanogaster may be considered as a quantitative character, since it shows many features typically associated with such traits. Although strains with the electrophoretically fast phenotype generally have activities greater than those with the slow phenotype, presumably reflecting differences in the nucleotide sequences of the structural alleles, within each electrophoretic class there is considerable variation in activity. The expression of the structural gene, in terms of ADH activity, is to some extent regulated by its genetic background. Strains homozygous for particular structural alleles respond to divergent directional selection for ADH activity. Modifiers have been located to the X, second and third chromosomes.

The influence of flooding pretreatment on metabolic changes in winter cereal seedlings during ice encasement

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Andrews ◽  
M. K. Pomeroy
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Winter Cereal ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Anaerobic Stress ◽  
Ice Encasement ◽  
Survival Potential ◽  
Glycolytic Rate ◽  
Flooding Period

The survival of winter wheats during ice encasement is increased by pre-exposure to low temperature flooding. The response is duplicated by nitrogen exposure, indicating an anaerobic hardening process. During ice encasement, higher levels of ethanol accumulate in previously flooded plants than in nonflooded plants. Alcohol dehydrogenase activity is threefold higher at the end of a 2 week low temperature flooding period than in aerobically grown plants. The activity is lower after 3 days in ice. The decrease is similar in previously flooded and nonflooded plants, but is larger in Dover barley which is more susceptible to ice encasement stress than the wheats. Malate declines during flooding and is higher during ice encasement in nonflooded than in flooded plants. Previously flooded plants enter the more severe anaerobic stress of ice encasement with an accelerated glycolytic rate, and thus a higher survival potential.

scholarly journals A Cladistic Analysis of Phenotypic Associations With Haplotypes Inferred From Restriction Endonuclease Mapping. I. Basic Theory and an Analysis of Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity in Drosophila

Genetics ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan R Templeton ◽  
Eric Boerwinkle ◽  
Charles F Sing
Keyword(s):  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Restriction Site ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Endonuclease Mapping ◽  
Nested Analysis ◽  
Adh Activity ◽  
Restriction Site Polymorphisms

ABSTRACT Because some genes have been cloned that have a known biochemical or physiological function, genetic variation can be measured in a population at loci that may directly influence a phenotype of interest. With this measured genotype approach, specific alleles or haplotypes in the probed DNA region can be assigned phenotypic effects. In this paper we address several problems encountered in implementing the measured genotype approach with restriction site data. A number of analytical problems arise in part as a consequence of the linkage disequilibrium that is commonly encountered when dealing with small DNA regions: 1) different restriction site polymorphisms are not statistically independent, 2) the sites being measured are not likely to be the direct cause of the associated phenotypic effects, 3) haplotype classes may be phenotypically heterogeneous, and 4) the sites that are most strongly associated with phenotypic effects are not necessarily the most closely linked to the actual genetic cause of the effects. When recombination and gene conversion are rare, the primary cause of linkage disequilibrium is history (mutational origin, genetic drift, hitchhiking, etc.). We deal with historical association directly by producing a cladogram that partially reconstructs the evolutionary history of the present-day haplotype variability. The cladogram defines a nested analysis of variance that simultaneously detects phenotypic effects, localizes the effects within the cladogram, and identifies haplotypes that are potentially heterogeneous in their phenotypic associations. The power of this approach is illustrated by an analysis of the associations between alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity and restriction site variability in a 13-kb fragment surrounding the ADH locus in Drosophila melanogaster.

scholarly journals Characterization of theEscherichia coliAntifungal Protein PPEBL21

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Yadav ◽  
R. Mandhan ◽  
M. Kumar ◽  
J. Gupta ◽  
G. L. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Peptide Mass Fingerprinting ◽  
Hypothetical Protein ◽  
Antifungal Protein ◽  
Biological Characterization ◽  
Activity Assay ◽  
Peptide Mass ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Adh Activity

An antifungal protein isolated fromEscherichia coliBL21 (PPEBL21) and predicted to be alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was subjected to biological characterization. The PPEBL21, indeed, demonstrated propionaldehyde-specific ADH activity. The Km and Vmax of PPEBL21 were found to be 644.8μM and 1.2 U/mg, respectively. In-gel activity assay also showed that PPEBL21 was a propionaldehyde-specific ADH. The pI of PPEBL21 was observed to be 7.8. PPEBL21 was found to be stable up to a temperature of40∘Cwith optimum activity at pH 7.5. The decrease in pH decreased the activity of PPEBL21. These results suggested that PPEBL21 having alcohol dehydrogenase activity and stability at significantly high temperature might be an important lead antifungal molecule. Experiments were performed to identify the possible target of PPEBL21 in the pathogenA. fumigatus. Results revealed that PPEBL21 inhibited completely the expression of a 16 kDa protein inA. fumigatus. The 16 kDa protein ofA. fumigatustargeted by PPEBL21 was identified as a hypothetical protein by peptide mass fingerprinting. It is thus hypothesized that a 16 kDa factor is essentially required byA. fumigatusfor survival and its impaired synthesis due to treatment with PPEBL21 may lead to the death of pathogen.

Genetic considerations in the effects of ethanol in mice. I. Genotype-dependent alterations in alcohol dehydrogenase activity

1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline H. Wang ◽  
Shiva M. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Inbred Strains ◽  
Ethanol Exposure ◽  
Ethanol Administration ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Molecular Bases ◽  
Adh Activity

Most genetic studies on individual and racial differences in sensitivity to alcohol intoxication have concentrated on genetic variations associated with structural genes for the enzymes involved in alcohol metabolism, including alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH; E.C. 1.1.1.1). We studied the ethanol-induced regulation of ADH following chronic administration of ethanol in mice. Newly weaned males from six inbred strains (BALB/c, C3H/HeSnJ, C3H/S, C57BL/6J, S.W., and 129/ReJ) were subjected to ethanol administration. Alterations in the level of liver ADH activity, relative to matched littermate controls, were evaluated. The change in ADH activity was found to be strain (genotype) specific, which may explain the contradictory results in the literature. Strains which showed induction of ADH activity, in general, reflected a strain-specific time-dependent profile. Strains which showed repression, however, were independent in the degree of repression to the duration of ethanol exposure. Such variable, ethanol-induced regulatory responses (induction/repression) in ADH activity of different genotypes may account for individual and population variations in response to alcohol. Additional work, however, is needed to establish the molecular bases of ADH inducibility and its specific role in relative susceptibility to alcohols.Key words: alcohol dehydrogenase, mice, ethanol effects.

scholarly journals Serum Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity in Liver Diseases

1982 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahlam A Khayrollah ◽  
Y Y Al-Tamer ◽  
M Taka ◽  
L Skursky
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Normal Limit ◽  
Secondary Malignancy ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Adh Activity ◽  
Parenchymal Damage ◽  
Alt Activity

The normal level of human serum alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.1) (ADH) activity which is not measurable by conventional methods was found to be within the range 0·07–0·56 U/l when measured by a sensitive method based on a coenzyme recycling reaction. In different liver diseases the normal upper limit of serum ADH activity was found to be exceeded up to 70 times. Although ADH activity under pathological conditions usually parallels that of other enzymes, e.g., sorbitol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.14) (SDH) and alanine transaminase (EC 2.6.1.2) (ALT), its relative elevation above the upper normal limit is generally greater, particularly in the early stages of viral hepatitis. Observations on some patients also suggested that very early stages of liver damage, caused by drugs or secondary malignancy, could be detected by increases of serum ADH activity when the activities of some other liver specific enzymes were still within their normal values. A pilot experiment on rats, intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride, showed that serum ADH activity could reflect acute liver parenchymal damage more sensitively than SDH and ALT activity.

ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN ISOLATED VACUOLES OF RED BEET ROOT CELLS

Tsitologiya ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 469-475
Author(s):  
O. D. Nimaeva ◽  
◽  
E. V. Pradedova ◽  
A. B. Karpova ◽  
R. K. Salyaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Beet Root ◽  
Red Beet ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity

scholarly journals GENETIC AND BIOCHEMICAL BASIS OF ENZYME ACTIVITY VARIATION IN NATURAL POPULATIONS. I. ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Genetics ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-388
Author(s):  
John F McDonald ◽  
Francisco J Ayala
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Regulatory Genes ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Evolutionary Consequence ◽  
The Third ◽  
Adh Activity

ABSTRACT Recent studies by various authors suggest that variation in gene regulation may be common in nature, and might be of great evolutionary consequence; but the ascertainment of variation in gene regulation has proven to be a difficult problem. In this study, we explore this problem by measuring alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity in Drosophila melanogaster strains homozygous for various combinations of given second and third chromosomes sampled from a natural population. The structural locus (Adh) coding for ADH is on the second chromosome. The results show that: (1) there are genes, other than Adh, that affect the levels of ADH activity; (2) at least some of these "regulatory" genes are located on the third chromosome, and thus are not adjacent to the Adh locus; (3) variation exists in natural populations for such regulatory genes; (4) the effect of these regulatory genes varies as they interact with different second chromosomes; (5) third chromosomes with high-activity genes are either partially or completely dominant over chromosomes with low-activity genes; (6) the effects of the regulatory genes are pervasive throughout development; and (7) the third chromosome genes regulate the levels of ADH activity by affecting the number of ADH molecules in the flies. The results are consistent with the view that the evolution of regulatory genes may play an important role in adaptation.

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