Carbon partitioning and sucrose metabolism in two field-grown asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) cultivars with contrasting yield

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianmin Guo ◽  
William A. Jermyn ◽  
Matthew H. Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Carbon Partitioning ◽  
Sucrose Metabolism ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration

The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of carbon partitioning and sucrose metabolism in regulating cultivar differences in spear yield in asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.). In the two cultivars studied, maximum net photosynthetic rate (Amax) was positively correlated with sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity (r2=0.86), which was in turn linked to increases in sucrose content in cladophyll tissue. The high-yielding cultivar ASP-69 exhibited greater SPS activity and sucrose content than the low-yielding cultivar ASP-03, in fully-expanded and mature cladophyll tissue. ASP-69 also displayed a higher percentage of soluble solids in stem cell sap than did ASP-03. Sucrose synthase (SS) activity in storage roots in ASP-69 was significantly greater than in ASP-03 during fern growth season. Total non-structural carbohydrate (TNC) in storage roots did not differ in the two cultivars. Biomass analysis revealed that ASP-69 had a greater root/shoot ratio than ASP-03, suggesting that the total carbohydrate storage pool, rather than carbohydrate concentration, is an important determinant of asparagus yield. The overall results substantiate the conclusion that carbohydrate partitioning in the two asparagus cultivars studied is a property of the entire plant, and is influenced by both source and sink properties. This is highlighted by greater Amax, SPS activity and sucrose concentrations in cladophyll tissue in ASP-69, and greater SS activity and total carbohydrate content in storage root tissue in ASP-69.

scholarly journals Cold Acclimation Attributes of Two Asparagus Cultivars with Varying Patterns of Fern Senescence

2011 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik J. Landry ◽  
David J. Wolyn
Keyword(s):  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
And Storage

Adequate winterhardiness is crucial for yield stability of asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) cultivars in southern Ontario, Canada, and could be influenced by pattern of the fall fern senescence. Fern of cultivar Guelph Millennium (GM) turns yellow or senesces by mid-October, before that of cultivar Jersey Giant (JG), which often remains green until a killing frost. Early fern senescence could be a signal for cold acclimation competency and consequently winterhardiness, explaining the superior stand longevity and yield observed for GM compared with JG. A field experiment was conducted from mid-August to November to measure physiological parameters related to cold acclimation in fern, rhizome, and storage roots. During fall, fern chlorophyll concentration, rhizome nitrogen concentration, percent water of the crown, and storage root LT50 (temperature at which 50% cell death occurs) decreased. Cultivars did not differ for storage root percent water; however, values were smaller (greater dehydration) for GM than JG in the rhizome. At the end of the sampling period, GM had higher and lower concentrations of rhizome low-molecular-weight, non-structural carbohydrates and sucrose, respectively, than JG, which could support a hypothesis of greater winterhardiness in GM. Storage root LT50 values of –19 °C and the lack of cultivar differences for this trait, in conjunction with differences between GM and JG for rhizome traits thought to be important for freezing tolerance, suggest characteristics of the rhizome in conjunction with timing of fern senescence may be important in cold acclimation of asparagus.

scholarly journals Comparison of Asparagus Cultivars during Storage

1993 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Perkins-Veazie ◽  
J.K. Collins ◽  
T.G. McCollum ◽  
J. Motes
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Cultivar Differences ◽  
Solids Concentration ◽  
Soluble Solids Concentration

Four asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) cultivars, UC 157, Syn 4-56, Mary Washington, and Viking KB3, were stored at 2C, and their quality was evaluated during 3 weeks of storage, There were no cultivar differences in respiration, weight gain, or soluble solids concentration initially or after storage. After 3 weeks of storage, the cultivars UC and S4 were more vividly green and less seedy than MW or VK, but UC exhibited slight to moderate chilling injury. Spears of S4 and VK had better overall appearance than MW or UC.

scholarly journals The effect of temperature and crown size on asparagus yielding

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Gąsecka ◽  
Włodzimierz Krzesińsk ◽  
Jerzy Stachowiak ◽  
Mikołaj Knaflewski
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Total Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Weight Content ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Growth Chambers ◽  
Crown Size

Abstract In order to determine the effect of temperature on asparagus yielding in the case of different crown sizes, asparagus plants were planted in growth chambers, in an aeroponic system with recirculation. The results show that asparagus yield was dependent on air temperature and crown size; however, crown size had a greater influence on the yield. The diameter and weight of the asparagus spears were also dependent on crown size. Higher dry weight content, degrees Brix, fructan and total carbohydrate content in storage roots were documented in large crown asparagus plants before and after harvest. Large sized crowns were also shown to build thicker and higher ferns.

scholarly journals Differential expression in leaves of Saccharum genotypes contrasting in biomass production provides evidence of genes involved in carbon partitioning

BMC Genomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Henrique Correr ◽  
Guilherme Kenichi Hosaka ◽  
Fernanda Zatti Barreto ◽  
Isabella Barros Valadão ◽  
Thiago Willian Almeida Balsalobre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Carbon Partitioning ◽  
Biomass Composition ◽  
Energy Crop ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
High Biomass ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Phosphatase ◽  
Source Tissue ◽  
Industrial Yield ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate

Abstract Background The development of biomass crops aims to meet industrial yield demands, in order to optimize profitability and sustainability. Achieving these goals in an energy crop like sugarcane relies on breeding for sucrose accumulation, fiber content and stalk number. To expand the understanding of the biological pathways related to these traits, we evaluated gene expression of two groups of genotypes contrasting in biomass composition. Results First visible dewlap leaves were collected from 12 genotypes, six per group, to perform RNA-Seq. We found a high number of differentially expressed genes, showing how hybridization in a complex polyploid system caused extensive modifications in genome functioning. We found evidence that differences in transposition and defense related genes may arise due to the complex nature of the polyploid Saccharum genomes. Genotypes within both biomass groups showed substantial variability in genes involved in photosynthesis. However, most genes coding for photosystem components or those coding for phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylases (PEPCs) were upregulated in the high biomass group. Sucrose synthase (SuSy) coding genes were upregulated in the low biomass group, showing that this enzyme class can be involved with sucrose synthesis in leaves, similarly to sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose phosphate phosphatase (SPP). Genes in pathways related to biosynthesis of cell wall components and expansins coding genes showed low average expression levels and were mostly upregulated in the high biomass group. Conclusions Together, these results show differences in carbohydrate synthesis and carbon partitioning in the source tissue of distinct phenotypic groups. Our data from sugarcane leaves revealed how hybridization in a complex polyploid system resulted in noticeably different transcriptomic profiles between contrasting genotypes.

Asparagus cultivars with varying adaptation to southern Ontario differ for induction of freezing tolerance in the fall

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Panjtandoust ◽  
David J. Wolyn
Keyword(s):  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Sucrose

Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L.) cultivars differ for adaptation in southern Ontario, and delayed or decreased acquisition of freezing tolerance in the fall could explain, in part, the diminished longevity observed in some germplasm. A field study was conducted to determine the relationship between LT50, the lethal temperature at which 50% of plants die, and physiological parameters related to freezing tolerance, in three cultivars with varying adaptation in southern Ontario: Guelph Millennium (GM) > Jersey Giant (JG) > UC 157 (UC). The experiment was replicated at two sites in one location, in each of two years. LT50 values for GM were lower (increased freezing tolerance) than those for UC in early October; levels for JG were intermediate. In late-October and early-November, the cultivars did not differ. Increased freezing tolerance was associated with high low-molecular-weight fructan (LF), protein and proline concentrations and low sucrose concentration in the rhizome, and high sucrose and proline concentrations and low LF concentration in the storage roots. Acclimation traits were generally consistent over years and deviations may have been related to differing temperature profiles. Results indicate that winter survival of asparagus is in part determined by timely fall acclimation allowing plants to survive exposure to early frosts.

Pathogenicity and vegetative compatibility among isolates of Fusarium oxysporum and F. moniliforme colonizing asparagus tissues

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 2420-2424 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. LaMondia ◽  
W. H. Elmer
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility ◽  
Asparagus Officinalis ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Vegetative Compatibility Groups ◽  
Nit Mutants ◽  
Compatibility Group ◽  
Stem Segments

Isolates of Fusarium moniliforme (Sheld.) emend. Snyd. & Hans., F. oxysporum (Schlecht) emend. Snyd. & Hans., and F. solani (Mart.) Appel & Wollenw. emend. Snyd. & Hans. were recovered from three 5-year-old field grown asparagus (Asparagus officinalis L. cv. Mary Washington) by isolating from symptomatic and asymptomatic feeder roots, storage roots, crown and basal stem segments. Fusarium moniliforme was more virulent than F. oxysporum on asparagus seedlings and F. solani was considered nonpathogenic. Isolates of F. moniliforme and F. oxysporum were placed into vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) by demonstrating heterokaryosis with complementation tests using nitrate-nonutilizing (nit) mutants (pairing nitM and nit1 mutants). Ninety-seven of 135 isolates of F. moniliforme were placed in 13 vegetative compatibility groups. The remaining 38 isolates were not classified by vegetative compatibility because of poor nit mutant recovery. Eight of 18 isolates of F. oxysporum were unique and classed as single members of eight different VCGs. The other 10 isolates were not placed in VCGs. All isolates of F. moniliforme were virulent, but mean disease ratings differed among the isolates in different VCGs. There was no correlation between vegetative compatibility group and tissue substrate or symptom expression on the tissue substrate. It appears that virulence on asparagus is a common trait with few exceptions among genetically distinct populations of F. moniliforme and F. oxysporum colonizing asparagus.

Sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase activity during maturation of internodal tissue in sugarcane

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik C. Botha ◽  
Kevin G. Black
Keyword(s):  
Sucrose Synthase ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate Synthase ◽  
Sucrose Accumulation ◽  
Sucrose Content ◽  
Synthesis Activity ◽  
Species Hybrids ◽  
High Sucrose ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate ◽  
Phosphate Synthase

Sucrose accumulation rates, sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS, EC 2.4.1.14) and soluble sucrose synthase (SuSy, EC 2.4.1.13) activities were measured in internodal tissue from a sugarcane (Saccharum species hybrids) variety N19. The sucrose accumulation rate sharply increases between internodes 3 to 11. In the older internodes SPS activity was at least three times higher than the SuSy activity. A highly significant positive correlation was found between SPS activity and sucrose content. In contrast, no significant correlation was observed between SuSy and sucrose content. In agreement, when radiolabelled glucose was fed to internodes with a high sucrose accumulation rate, label was equally distributed in the hexose moieties of sucrose. This clearly indicates that SPS is the major sucrose synthesis activity in the culm of sugarcane. Different kinetic forms of SPS apparently exist in the internodal tissue at different stages of development.

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