Effects of environmental factors and endogenous signals on N uptake, N partitioning and taproot vegetative storage protein accumulation in Medicago sativa

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine Noquet ◽  
Jean-Christophe Avice ◽  
Alain Ourry ◽  
Jeffrey J. Volenec ◽  
Suzanne M. Cunningham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Vegetative Storage Protein ◽  
N Partitioning

Our objectives were to study the regulation of N partitioning within tissues of non-nodulated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and N storage in taproots as vegetative storage proteins (VSP) of 15, 19, and 32 kDa and β-amylase (57 kDa) by environmental (photoperiod, temperature, N availability) and endogenous factors (methyl jasmonate). When compared to long-day conditions (LD, 16 h day/8 h night), short-day (SD, 8 h day/16 h night), exposure to low temperature (5˚C) or application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA, 100 M ) for 35 d reduced the biomass shoot/ root ratio and modified the source–sink relationships for N. SD and MeJA treatments resulted in partitioning of N to taproots and a concomitant accumulation of VSPs. In comparison with LD, SD treatment also stimulated β-amylase gene expression 2.5-fold. Although low temperature increased the N partitioning to root tissues and the accumulation of soluble proteins in taproot, VSP concentration and β-amylase mRNA levels remained low. Increasing N concentration from 1 to 5 mM KNO3 doubled the total dry matter but did not affect the N partitioning within the plant, VSP accumulation, or ‚ β-amylase expression. These results suggested that short photoperiod can result in preferential N allocation toward taproots with a concomitant induction of VSP accumulation.

Short-day photoperiod induces changes in N uptake, N partitioning and accumulation of vegetative storage proteins in two Medicago sativa cultivars

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carine Noquet ◽  
Frédéric Meuriot ◽  
Sébastien Caillot ◽  
Jean-Christophe Avice ◽  
Alain Ourry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Vegetative Storage Protein ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Short Day ◽  
N Partitioning

Our objective was to study the effect of short-day photoperiod for 28, 42 and 56 d on growth, N uptake and N partitioning, particularly vegetative storage protein (VSP) accumulation in taproots of two alfalfa (Medicago�sativa L.) cultivars (Lodi and Europe). For both varieties, the reduction of daylength from 16 h (long day,�LD) to 8 h (short day, SD) for 28 d reduced total plant growth by decreasing shoot growth. Nitrogen uptake and N distribution within the plant was determined by 15N labeling. N uptake decreased with SD treatment duration, and was 2- and 3-fold lower for Europe and Lodi, respectively, for 56 d in SD conditions when compared with LD plants. The SD treatment resulted in preferential partitioning of N to taproots in comparison with LD conditions (19�vs 9% for Lodi and 12 vs 5% for Europe after 28 d). For both cultivars, the SD-induced changes in N allocation to taproots did not significantly affect taproot soluble protein concentrations during 42 d of daylength treatment. In contrast, VSP accumulation occurred after only 28 d for plants grown in SD conditions (6.2 vs 4.8 mg g–1 DW for Lodi and 5.1 vs 1.4 mg g–1 DW for Europe). SD exposure also increased vsp 57 and vsp 32 mRNA transcript levels in Lodi and Europe (up to 2-fold higher) taproots in SD for 28 d compared with LD conditions. Overall results indicate that photoperiod modulates taproot N accumulation in alfalfa by enhancing both β-amylase (vsp 57) and vsp 32 gene expression and accumulation. The enhanced VSP accumulation by short-day photoperiod may result from altered VSP gene expression / transcript stability or occur indirectly through altered N source–sink relationships. Additionally, when SD treatment included a night break with 15 min illumination with sodium high pressure light or red light, our results suggest that the induction of vsp 57 and vsp 32 gene expressions by SD signal is mediated by the phytochrome system.

Interactions of airborne methyl jasmonate with vegetative storage protein gene and protein accumulation and biomass partitioning in Populus plants

2000 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 1106-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Beardmore ◽  
S Wetzel ◽  
M Kalous
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Storage Protein ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Vegetative Storage Protein ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Vegetative Storage Proteins

In young poplar (Populus nigra Muench × Populus maximowiczii A. Henry) plants, vegetative storage proteins (VSPs), the bark storage protein (BSP), and (or) wound-inducible 4 protein (WIN4) mRNAs were present in the apical and basal leaves and in the basal leaves, respectively. VSPs accumulated in the apical leaves and to a lesser extent in the stem. The response of the plants to 20 µM airborne methyl jasmonate (MJ) was examined in four parts ( apical and basal leaves, stem, and roots) in both short-term (within 72 h) and long-term (1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks) experiments. In the short-term, MJ-treated plants either induced or increased the part-specific expression of win4 and bsp, and accumulation of BSP and (or) WIN4. In the long-term, MJ treatment resulted in part-specific alterations in protein and nitrogen concentration and further altered BSP and WIN4 accumulation. The MJ-treated plants increased both the biomass allocation to the stem, without a change in the relative growth rate, and the tolerance low temperature (-2°C). Together, these results suggest the BSP and WIN4 are both involved in short-term N cycling and that exogenous MJ treatment promotes changes in nitrogen metabolism in poplar.

Vegetative storage protein expression during terminal bud formation in poplar

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1098-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan D Lawrence ◽  
Janice EK Cooke ◽  
John S Greenwood ◽  
Theresa E Korhnak ◽  
John M Davis
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Shoot Apex ◽  
Storage Protein ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Vegetative Storage Protein ◽  
Bud Formation ◽  
Terminal Bud

Trees recycle nitrogen (N) to conserve this valuable nutrient. The processes that regulate N recycling within trees are poorly understood at the molecular level. Because vegetative storage proteins (VSPs) are thought to play important roles in within-plant N cycling, we are investigating the expression of VSP genes to gain insights into how seasonally controlled N cycling is regulated in trees. We compared steady-state mRNA levels of three different VSP homologs during short day induced terminal bud formation in hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray × Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.) – WIN4 (wound-inducible protein 4), BSP (bark storage protein), and pni288 (poplar nitrogen-regulated cDNA 288, a newly identified sequence). We determined that win4 and pni288 transcripts decrease, while bsp transcripts increase, as the terminal bud is formed. Immunolocalization analysis indicated that, during apical bud formation, BSP accumulates in the ground meristem and in parenchyma cells adjacent to xylem and proximal to the apical dome. Based on messenger RNA and protein expression analysis, we conclude that different VSPs play distinct roles in the poplar shoot apex, with BSP accumulating as a reserve near the shoot apex during terminal bud formation.

Morphological stages and storage protein accumulation in developing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seeds

1991 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Xu ◽  
K. M. Coulter ◽  
J. E. Krochko ◽  
J. D. Bewley
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Protein Accumulation ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Alfalfa Seed ◽  
Full Complement ◽  
Developmental Characteristics

AbstractIdentification of discrete stages during embryogenesis is important for the consistent and repeatable selection of seeds having similar developmental characteristics. A timetable for staging developing seeds of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) has been developed. Morphological characteristics, fresh and dry weights, SDSpolyacrylamide gel electrophoretic protein patterns and total protein content were recorded at various times between fertilization and 36 d after pollination (maturity), stages I–IX. A full complement of storage proteins (2S, 7S, 11S) is synthesized in both developing cotyledons and radicles. Low-salt soluble (S1) and high-salt soluble (S2) storage proteins first appear during embryo elongation. The proportional amounts of some S1 storage proteins change during alfalfa seed development. Markers are thus provided as uniform reference points for staging from the time of anthesis to seed shedding.

Accumulation of N reserves and vegetative storage protein (VSP) in taproots of non-nodulated alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) are affected by mineral N availability

Plant Science ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 165 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Meuriot ◽  
Jean-Christophe Avice ◽  
Marie-Laure Decau ◽  
Jean-Claude Simon ◽  
Philippe Lainé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Storage Protein ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Vegetative Storage Protein ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

scholarly journals Development of an Online Tool for Tracking Soil Nitrogen to Improve the Environmental Performance of Maize Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5649
Author(s):  
Giovani Preza-Fontes ◽  
Junming Wang ◽  
Muhammad Umar ◽  
Meilan Qi ◽  
Kamaljit Banger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil N ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Online Tool ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Soil N Availability

Freshwater nitrogen (N) pollution is a significant sustainability concern in agriculture. In the U.S. Midwest, large precipitation events during winter and spring are a major driver of N losses. Uncertainty about the fate of applied N early in the growing season can prompt farmers to make additional N applications, increasing the risk of environmental N losses. New tools are needed to provide real-time estimates of soil inorganic N status for corn (Zea mays L.) production, especially considering projected increases in precipitation and N losses due to climate change. In this study, we describe the initial stages of developing an online tool for tracking soil N, which included, (i) implementing a network of field trials to monitor changes in soil N concentration during the winter and early growing season, (ii) calibrating and validating a process-based model for soil and crop N cycling, and (iii) developing a user-friendly and publicly available online decision support tool that could potentially assist N fertilizer management. The online tool can estimate real-time soil N availability by simulating corn growth, crop N uptake, soil organic matter mineralization, and N losses from assimilated soil data (from USDA gSSURGO soil database), hourly weather data (from National Weather Service Real-Time Mesoscale Analysis), and user-entered crop management information that is readily available for farmers. The assimilated data have a resolution of 2.5 km. Given limitations in prediction accuracy, however, we acknowledge that further work is needed to improve model performance, which is also critical for enabling adoption by potential users, such as agricultural producers, fertilizer industry, and researchers. We discuss the strengths and limitations of attempting to provide rapid and cost-effective estimates of soil N availability to support in-season N management decisions, specifically related to the need for supplemental N application. If barriers to adoption are overcome to facilitate broader use by farmers, such tools could balance the need for ensuring sufficient soil N supply while decreasing the risk of N losses, and helping increase N use efficiency, reduce pollution, and increase profits.

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