Hadronic Electrons?

1975 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Wolfram
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
High Energy Electron ◽  
High Energies ◽  
Meson Cloud ◽  
Low Energies ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Neutral Vector ◽  
Evaporation Region ◽  
The One

A new form of high energy electron-hadron coupling is examined with reference to the experimental data. The electron is taken to have a neutral vector gluon cloud with a radius ~ 10-18 m. This is shown to be consistent with measurements on e+e- -+ e+e- and 9.-2. At low energies, only photons couple to the gluons, but at higher energies 'evaporation' then 'boiling' of OJ and �J occurs, allowing strong interactions. The model yields accurate predictions for the form of the rise in R = u(e+e--+h)/u(e+e--+p.+p.-). Arguments are given for the order of magnitude of m. and for the lack of a permanent meson cloud in leptons. Strong interaction selection rules forbid a contribution to nO -+ e+e-, and interference with the one-photon channel produces minimal scaling violation in eN processes at present energies. The constant value of u(e+e-)/u(pp) is correctly predicted and evidence from high energy pp interactions is also cited. The'll particles are interpreted as e+eresonances in the evaporation region, and their properties are generated correctly. Predictions are given for the behaviour of u(e�e-) at high energies.

scholarly journals Concept of generation of extremely compressed high-energy electron bunches in several interfering intense laser pulses with tilted amplitude fronts

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Korobkin ◽  
M.Yu. Romanovskiy ◽  
V.A. Trofimov ◽  
O.B. Shiryaev
Keyword(s):  
Laser Pulses ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Intense Laser ◽  
High Energy Electron ◽  
Speed Of Light ◽  
Electron Bunches ◽  
Newton Equation ◽  
High Energies ◽  
Neutral Gas ◽  
Intense Laser Pulses

AbstractA new concept of generating tight bunches of electrons accelerated to high energies is proposed. The electrons are born via ionization of a low-density neutral gas by laser radiation, and the concept is based on the electrons acceleration in traps arising within the pattern of interference of several relativistically intense laser pulses with amplitude fronts tilted relative to their phase fronts. The traps move with the speed of light and (1) collect electrons; (2) compress them to extremely high density in all dimensions, forming electron bunches; and (3) accelerate the resulting bunches to energies of at least several GeV per electron. The simulations of bunch formation employ the Newton equation with the corresponding Lorentz force.

Electron Energy Dependence of Amorphization in Zr3Fe

1993 ◽  
Vol 316 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.T. Motta ◽  
L.M. Howe ◽  
P.R. Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Electron Energy ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
National Laboratory ◽  
Argonne National Laboratory ◽  
High Energies ◽  
Intermediate Energies ◽  
Low Energies ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

ABSTRACTThis paper reports the results from a study conducted to determine the effect of electron energy on the dose-to-amorphization of Zr3Fe at 23-30 K. Zr3Fe samples were irradiated in the HVEM at Argonne National Laboratory, at energies ranging from 200 to 900 keV. Amorphization occurred at electron energies from 900 keV down to 250 keV. Three distinct regions were observed: between 900 and 700 keV amorphization occurred at a constant low dose of ~ 4 × 1021 e cm-2; a higher plateau at 1022 was observed between 600 and 400 keV, and finally there was a sharp increase in the dose-to-amorphization below 400 keV, so that at 250 keV the necessary dose was an order of magnitude higher than that at 900 keV. In the region below 400 keV there was evidence of a dependence of the dose-to-amorphization on the orientation of the sample with respect to the electron beam. The results can be analyzed in terms of a composite displacement cross section dominated at high energies by displacements of Zr and Fe atoms, by displacements of Fe atoms at intermediate energies and of secondary displacements of lattice atoms by recoil impurities at low energies.

INSTANTON-INDUCED CROSS-SECTION AT HIGH ENERGIES: LEADING ORDER AND BEYOND

1990 ◽  
Vol 05 (24) ◽  
pp. 1983-1991 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. YU. KHLEBNIKOV ◽  
V. A. RUBAKOV ◽  
P. G. TINYAKOV
Keyword(s):  
Total Cross Section ◽  
Explicit Form ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Electroweak Theory ◽  
Leading Order ◽  
Instanton Action ◽  
High Energies ◽  
High Energy Collisions ◽  
The One

We study the total cross-section of high energy collisions in the one-instanton sector of purely bosonic theories with instantons. We find that in the limit g2 → 0, E/E sph = fixed , the leading behavior of the total cross-section is σ lot ~ exp [1/g2(−2S0 + F(E/E sph ))], where S0 is the instanton action. In the electroweak theory at E/E sph ≪ 1, the function F(E/E sph ) is determined by the gauge boson part of the instanton configuration and its explicit form is found.

scholarly journals THE PROCESSES $gg\to\tilde\chi^+_i\tilde\chi^-_j$, $\tilde\chi^0_i\tilde\chi^0_j$ AT HIGH ENERGIES

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (07n08) ◽  
pp. 1253-1272
Author(s):  
G. J. GOUNARIS ◽  
J. LAYSSAC ◽  
F. M. RENARD
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energies ◽  
Parity Conservation ◽  
Helicity Conservation ◽  
The One

According to the helicity conservation (HCns) theorem, the sum of the helicities should be conserved, in any 2-to-2 processes in MSSM with R-parity conservation, at high energies, i.e. all amplitudes violating this rule must vanish asymptotically. The realization of HCns in [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is studied, at the one-loop electroweak order, and simple high energy expressions are derived for the nonvanishing helicity conserving (HC) amplitudes. These are very similar to the corresponding expressions for gg → W+W-, ZZ, γZ, γγ derived before. Asymptotic relations among observable unpolarized cross-sections for many such processes are then obtained, some of which may hold at LHC-type energies.

scholarly journals What is duality?

1970 ◽  
Vol 318 (1534) ◽  
pp. 257-278 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sum Rules ◽  
Scattering Amplitude ◽  
Finite Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
High Energies ◽  
Resonance Formation ◽  
Interference Models ◽  
Regge Poles

Duality gives a satisfying connexion between two different areas of strong interaction physics, Regge poles at high energy and resonances at low energy. This interlocking gives powerful bootstrap conditions, and together with the assumption that certain channels do not contain resonances it gives strong restrictions on the hadron spectrum. Since there is some confusion about the term duality, we shall explain what is meant by the various forms of duality (f. e. s. r. (finite energy sum rules) duality, local duality), and what is meant by ‘building up’, and we shall show in what way antidual models (such as the generalized interference model) come into conflict with basic empirical facts. Duality expresses the relation between two descriptions of the hadronic scattering amplitude. At low energy (l. e.) the description by direct-channel resonances is simple and useful (see figure 1). At low energy the data show prominent peaks as a function of energy, and one may try the approximation of resonance saturation, i. e. of neglecting the non-resonating background. The second description is the exchange of Regge poles, and it is useful at high energies (h.e.), where typical features are forward peaks, energy dependence s α , and structure at fixed t (see figure 2). The two descriptions are very different; resonance formation corresponds to poles in the s channel, Regge exchange to poles in the t channel. Duality says that there are direct relations between these two descriptions, that they are equivalent in a certain sense. In complete contrast, the interference models postulate that one must add the two descriptions. (If lowest order perturbation theory was relevant to strong interactions, one would be led to adding the diagrams.)

scholarly journals A cloud-chamber investigation of penetrating showers

1946 ◽  
Vol 187 (1011) ◽  
pp. 464-479 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Meson Production ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cloud Chamber ◽  
Meson Spectrum ◽  
High Energy Electron ◽  
High Energies ◽  
Incident Nucleon ◽  
Very High ◽  
Counter Data

An account is given of a cloud-chamber investigation of penetrating showers. It is concluded that the cloud-chamber data are consistent with Jánossy’s counter data and also with the view that penetrating showers consist of a small number of penetrating ionizing particles which are mainly mesons. There is no evidence to show that the showers are produced by processes other than those postulated in the theory of meson production proposed by Hamilton, Heitler & Peng, together with the addition suggested by Jánossy, i. e. the emission of small groups of mesons every few centimetres of lead. There are given several photographs of showers of penetrating particles which may be examples of the successive production of penetrating particles by an incident nucleon and its recoil particles. The spectrum of the penetrating particles seems to be approximately of the same form as the meson spectrum at sea-level. Some 20% of penetrating showers are accompanied, in the cloud chamber, by what appear to be electron cascades. It is shown that these showers cannot be due to knock-on electrons, to high-energy electron cascades penetrating the whole thickness of the absorber, or to decay electrons unless a meson of lifetime less than 10 -10 sec. is postulated. It is suggested that these showers may be due to electrons or photons produced in processes which become important at very high energies, e. g. > 10 11 eV.

An Order of Magnitude Improvement in STEM Resolution: Wavelength High-Energy Electron Localization

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Gordon Morris ◽  
Squatter Madras ◽  
Alwyn Eades
Keyword(s):  
Spherical Aberration ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Diffraction Limit ◽  
Energy Electron ◽  
Electron Localization ◽  
High Energy Electron ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Magnitude Improvement

There have been many attempts to improve the resolution of electron microscopes. Transmission electron microscopes are normally limited in resolution by a balance between the diffraction limit (which could be overcome by the use of a large objective aperture) and the spherical aberration of the lenses used (which could be overcome by the use of a small objective aperture). In recent years successful attempts have been made to achieve resolutions beyond this limit by holography and also by the development of aberration correctors.

scholarly journals Mining for Gluon Saturation at Colliders

Universe ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Astrid Morreale ◽  
Farid Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Asymptotic Freedom ◽  
High Energies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Color Confinement ◽  
Small X ◽  
Gluon Saturation ◽  
Physics Experiments

Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the theory of strong interactions of quarks and gluons collectively called partons, the basic constituents of all nuclear matter. Its non-abelian character manifests in nature in the form of two remarkable properties: color confinement and asymptotic freedom. At high energies, perturbation theory can result in the growth and dominance of very gluon densities at small-x. If left uncontrolled, this growth can result in gluons eternally growing violating a number of mathematical bounds. The resolution to this problem lies by balancing gluon emissions by recombinating gluons at high energies: phenomena of gluon saturation. High energy nuclear and particle physics experiments have spent the past decades quantifying the structure of protons and nuclei in terms of their fundamental constituents confirming predicted extraordinary behavior of matter at extreme density and pressure conditions. In the process they have also measured seemingly unexpected phenomena. We will give a state of the art review of the underlying theoretical and experimental tools and measurements pertinent to gluon saturation physics. We will argue for the need of high energy electron-proton/ion colliders such as the proposed EIC (USA) and LHeC (Europe) to consolidate our knowledge of QCD knowledge in the small x kinematic domains.

One- and Two-Coordinate Detectors in BINP

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir M. Aulchenko ◽  
Semen E. Baru ◽  
Mihail S. Dubrovin ◽  
Gennady A. Savinov ◽  
Lev I. Shekhtman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Powder Diffraction ◽  
Nuclear Physics ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Budker Institute ◽  
Proportional Chamber ◽  
Low Energies ◽  
Multiwire Proportional Chamber ◽  
The One ◽  
Under Construction

One- and two-coordinate detectors with proportional chambers developed at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (BINP) are presented. The parallax-free 10 MHz one-coordinate OD-3.1 and OD-3.2 detectors are used in synchrotron radiation powder diffraction and SAXS experiments. The two-coordinate DED-3 detector with a multiwire proportional chamber (MWPC) is used in Laue diffraction. The latest modification of this detector, DED-5, with a working area of 384 × 384 mm, is briefly described. The micro-strip detector prototype MSGC-100 has passed test synchrotron radiation experiments and the next modification (MSGC-500), with 500 channels for high energy, is under construction. The one-coordinate MWPC OD-160 detector, with an angle aperture of 160° and a count rate of 3.3 GHz, is under construction. It will be used for high-resolution powder diffraction. Two types of gas chamber will be used: L for low energies (5–30 keV) and H for high energies (30–70 keV). A 16° section with an H-chamber has been produced and tested on the synchrotron radiation beamline.

scholarly journals NONLINEAR SUPERSYMMETRIC EFFECTIVE LAGRANGIAN AND GOLDSTINO INTERACTIONS AT HIGH ENERGIES

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (37) ◽  
pp. 2999-3008 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAEKOON LEE ◽  
GUO-HONG WU
Keyword(s):  
Supersymmetry Breaking ◽  
Scattering Amplitude ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energies ◽  
Effective Lagrangian ◽  
Low Energies ◽  
Model Independent ◽  
Soft Supersymmetry Breaking

We show that the nonlinear supersymmetric effective Lagrangian can be used for model-independent parametrization of the light gravitino scattering amplitude at energies up to and above the soft supersymmetry-breaking masses. This provides the most convenient framework for systematic studies of goldstino phenomenology both at low energies and in high energy colliders.

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