scholarly journals 50Cr(p, g)51Mn Reaction from Ep = 1·45 to 2·07 MeV

1975 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
GU Din ◽  
AM AI-Naser
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Beam Direction ◽  
Proton Capture ◽  
Capture Reaction ◽  
Proton Resonances ◽  
First Time

Proton resonances in the SOCr(p, )1)51 Mn reaction have been studied in the range Ep = 1450-2070 keV. Gamma-ray spectra, measured at 55� to the beam direction at each of the resonances at Ep = 1451, 1546, 1580, 1600, 1689, 1798, 1830, 2031, 2042 and 2067 keV with a high resolution 35 cm3 Ge(Li) detector, have been used to derive the decay schemes of the resonant and bound levels in 51 Mn. Decays to the bound levels at 4'052, 4'729, 4'925, 5'073, 5'129, 5'174, 5'188, 5�203 and 5�506 MeV have been observed in the proton capture reaction for the first time, while new results have been obtained for the decay of some of these levels.

Gamma-ray production in the 170Er(p,n)170Tm nuclear reaction

Open Physics ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru Mihailescu ◽  
Gheorghe Cata-Danil
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Nuclear Reaction ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Compound Nucleus ◽  
Beam Energy ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Excitation Functions ◽  
Γ Ray ◽  
First Time

AbstractFor the first time discrete gamma-rays following the nuclear reaction 170Er(p,n)170Tm with enriched target were measured with a high resolution GeHP spectrometer. Protons delivered by the Bucharest FN Tandem Van de Graaff accelerator bombarded a thin self-supporting film of enriched erbium. Measured γ-ray energies (Eγ), their relative intensities (Iγ) and corresponding excitation functions for the beam energy range 2.0–3.6 MeV are reported in the present work. The measured excitation functions were fairly well reproduced by compound nucleus calculations based on the Hauser-Feshbach formalism.

Ge(Li)–Ge(Li) gamma-ray coincidence studies of the decay of 18.6 h 159Gd

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (9) ◽  
pp. 1017-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Brown ◽  
K. I. Roulston ◽  
G. T. Ewan ◽  
G. I. Andersson
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Β Decay ◽  
Doublet Structure ◽  
Gamma Coincidence ◽  
On Line ◽  
Direct Spectrum ◽  
First Time

The gamma-ray spectrum of 159Tb following the β decay of 18.6 h 159Gd has been studied with high resolution Ge(Li) detectors. Eighteen transitions were observed, two of which are reported here for the first time. The previously reported complex nature of the 617 keV transition has been examined and high resolution studies have revealed a doublet structure with energies 616.5 ± 0.3 and 617.7 ± 0.2 keV and intensities of (2.3 ± 0.6) × 10−3% and (15.0 ± 2.3) × 10−3% per disintegration respectively. Gamma–gamma coincidence experiments were performed with large volume coaxial and thin window planar Ge(Li) detectors, using the related address technique and on-line computers. These experiments have established levels at 58, 138, 348, 363, 581, 618, 674, and 855 keV. All of the transitions observed in the direct spectrum have been fitted into the level scheme.

scholarly journals A Study of the 42Ca(p,?)43Sc Reaction

1977 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
GU Din ◽  
B Heusch
Keyword(s):  
Excited States ◽  
Reasonable Agreement ◽  
Resonance Level ◽  
Angular Distributions ◽  
Proton Capture ◽  
Capture Reaction ◽  
Decay Properties ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Bombarding Energy ◽  
First Time

The 42Ca(p, y)43SC reaction has been studied below 2�75 MeV proton bombarding energy. Approximately 100 resonances have been identified and located in the range Ep = 2�00-2�75 MeV. Nine resonances at Ep = 1045, 1201, 1299, 1319, 2038, 2471, 2523, 2643 and 2714 keV for the 42Ca(p, y)43SC reaction were investigated with either a 54 or a 120 cm3 Ge(Li) detector. Single spectra were obtained at each of these resonances, and these were used to derive consistent y ray decay schemes and accurate level energies for the resonant and bound levels of 43Sc. Fifty-two bound levels up to an excitation energy of 4�47 MeV were observed, out of which seventeen new levels have been identified at 2�114,2� 796,2' 846,2' 860,2' 875,3 '160,3' 331,3' 374,3 '463,3;504,3' 645, 3'734,3'757,3'860,4'007,4'038 and 4�430 MeV. In addition, new results or results differing from earlier reports have been obtained for the decay properties of levels below 4�47 MeV in 43SC? The strengths of the nine resonances were measured relative to the reported strength at Ep = 2038 keV. The resonance at Ep = 2643 keV was shown for the first time to populate levels of spin> 7/2 via the proton capture reaction. A strong M1 (analogue to anti-analogue) transition from the resonance level to the level at 1� 931 MeV (9/2+) was observed. From measurements of y ray angular distributions, the following spin and parity assignments were made: 9/2+ at 7'514, 7/2+ at 4'371, >7/2 at 4'038 and 7/2 at 3�808 MeV. The resonance level at 7�514 MeV has possibly aT = 3/2 character. The low-lying excited states in 43SC are in reasonable agreement with the theoretical predictions of Johnstone (1968).

Low-Loss Images in a Stem/Tem Microscope

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 496-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C. Joy ◽  
Dennis M. Maher
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Beam Direction ◽  
Low Loss ◽  
Specimen Holder ◽  
Glancing Angle ◽  
High Resolution Images ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Conventional Manner ◽  
Objective Type

High-resolution images of the surface topography of solid specimens can be obtained using the low-loss technique of Wells. If the specimen is placed inside a lens of the condenser/objective type, then it has been shown that the lens itself can be used to collect and filter the low-loss electrons. Since the probeforming lenses in TEM instruments fitted with scanning attachments are of this type, low-loss imaging should be possible.High-resolution, low-loss images have been obtained in a JEOL JEM 100B fitted with a scanning attachment and a thermal, fieldemission gun. No modifications were made to the instrument, but a wedge-shaped, specimen holder was made to fit the side-entry, goniometer stage. Thus the specimen is oriented initially at a glancing angle of about 30° to the beam direction. The instrument is set up in the conventional manner for STEM operation with all the lenses, including the projector, excited.

Voltage-center COMA-free alignment for high-resolution Electron Microscopy

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 410-411
Author(s):  
K. Ishizuka ◽  
K. Shirota
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
Chromatic Aberration ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Beam Deflection ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Main Magnetic Field ◽  
Beam Direction ◽  
Resolution Electron

In a conventional alignment for high-resolution electron microscopy, the specimen point imaged at the viewing-screen center is made dispersion-free against a voltage fluctuation by adjusting the incident beam direction using the beam deflector. For high-resolution works the voltage-center alignment is important, since this alignment reduces the chromatic aberration. On the other hand, the coma-free alignment is also indispensable for high-resolution electron microscopy. This is because even a small misalignment of the incident beam direction induces wave aberrations and affects the appearance of high resolution electron micrographs. Some alignment procedures which cancel out the coma by changing the incident beam direction have been proposed. Most recently, the effect of a three-fold astigmatism on the coma-free alignment has been revealed, and new algorithms of coma-free alignment have been proposed.However, the voltage-center and the coma-free alignments as well as the current-center alignment in general do not coincide to each other because of beam deflection due to a leakage field within the objective lens, even if the main magnetic-field of the objective lens is rotationally symmetric. Since all the proposed procedures for the coma-free alignment also use the same beam deflector above the objective lens that is used for the voltage-center alignment, the coma-free alignment is only attained at the sacrifice of the voltage-center alignment.

New form of Transmission Cross Coefficient for High-Resolution Imaging

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-61
Author(s):  
Kazuo Ishizuka
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Transmission Function ◽  
Incident Beam ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Beam Direction ◽  
Diffracted Waves

It is well known that taking into account spacial and temporal coherency of illumination as well as the wave aberration is important to interpret an image of a high-resolution electron microscope (HREM). This occues, because coherency of incident electrons restricts transmission of image information. Due to its large spherical and chromatic aberrations, the electron microscope requires higher coherency than the optical microscope. On an application of HREM for a strong scattering object, we have to estimate the contribution of the interference between the diffracted waves on an image formation. The contribution of each pair of diffracted waves may be properly represented by the transmission cross coefficients (TCC) between these waves. In this report, we will show an improved form of the TCC including second order derivatives, and compare it with the first order TCC.In the electron microscope the specimen is illuminated by quasi monochromatic electrons having a small range of illumination directions. Thus, the image intensity for each energy and each incident direction should be summed to give an intensity to be observed. However, this is a time consuming process, if the ranges of incident energy and/or illumination direction are large. To avoid this difficulty, we can use the TCC by assuming that a transmission function of the specimen does not depend on the incident beam direction. This is not always true, because dynamical scattering is important owing to strong interactions of electrons with the specimen. However, in the case of HREM, both the specimen thickness and the illumination angle should be small. Therefore we may neglect the dependency of the transmission function on the incident beam direction.

Ground state molecular parameters of phosphine, PH3, from the simultaneous analysis of the high-resolution infrared, microwave and submillimeterwave spectra

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 2480-2492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soňa Přádná ◽  
Dušan Papoušek ◽  
Jyrki Kauppinen ◽  
Sergei P. Belov ◽  
Andrei F. Krupnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Unitary Transformation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Acoustic Detection ◽  
Molecular Parameters ◽  
Microwave Spectrometer ◽  
Fourier Transform Spectra ◽  
First Time

Fourier transform spectra of the ν2 band of PH3 have been remeasured with 0.0045 cm-1 resolution. Ground state combination differences from these data have been fitted simultaneously with the microwave and submillimeterwave data to determine the ground state spectroscopical parameters of PH3 including the parameters of the Δk = ± 3n interactions. The correlation between the latter parameters has been discussed from the point of view of the existence of two equivalent effective rotational operators which are related by a unitary transformation. The ΔJ = 0, +1, ΔK = 0 (A1 ↔ A2, E ↔ E) rotational transitions in the ν2 and ν4 states have been measured for the first time by using a microwave spectrometer and a radiofrequency spectrometer with acoustic detection.

scholarly journals Molecules in the Magellanic Clouds

1991 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 415-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Booth ◽  
Th. De Graauw
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Molecular Clouds ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Large Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Magellanic Clouds ◽  
Giant Molecular Clouds ◽  
Interstellar Molecules ◽  
First Time ◽  
Excitation Conditions

In this short review we describe recent new observations of millimetre transitions of molecules in selected regions of the Magellanic Clouds. The observations were made using the Swedish-ESO Submillimetre Telescope, SEST, (Booth et al. 1989), the relatively high resolution of which facilitates, for the first time, observations of individual giant molecular clouds in the Magellanic Clouds. We have mapped the distribution of the emission from the two lowest rotational transitions of 12CO and 13CO and hence have derived excitation conditions for the molecule. In addition, we have observed several well-known interstellar molecules in the same regions, thus doubling the number of known molecules in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). The fact that all the observations have been made under controlled conditions with the same telescope enables a reasonable intercomparison of the molecular column densities. In particular, we are able to observe the relative abundances among the different isotopically substituted species of CO.

scholarly journals Rapid systemic surge of IL-33 after severe human trauma: a prospective observational study

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olav Sundnes ◽  
William Ottestad ◽  
Camilla Schjalm ◽  
Peter Lundbäck ◽  
Lars la Cour Poulsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Trauma Patients ◽  
Decoy Receptor ◽  
Interleukin 33 ◽  
Injured Patients ◽  
First Time ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract Background Alarmins are considered proximal mediators of the immune response after tissue injury. Understanding their biology could pave the way for development of new therapeutic targets and biomarkers in human disease, including multiple trauma. In this study we explored high-resolution concentration kinetics of the alarmin interleukin-33 (IL-33) early after human trauma. Methods Plasma samples were serially collected from 136 trauma patients immediately after hospital admission, 2, 4, 6, and 8 h thereafter, and every morning in the ICU. Levels of IL-33 and its decoy receptor sST2 were measured by immunoassays. Results We observed a rapid and transient surge of IL-33 in a subset of critically injured patients. These patients had more widespread tissue injuries and a greater degree of early coagulopathy. IL-33 half-life (t1/2) was 1.4 h (95% CI 1.2–1.6). sST2 displayed a distinctly different pattern with low initial levels but massive increase at later time points. Conclusions We describe for the first time early high-resolution IL-33 concentration kinetics in individual patients after trauma and correlate systemic IL-33 release to clinical data. These findings provide insight into a potentially important axis of danger signaling in humans.

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