scholarly journals Secondary Electron Emission from Solid Surfaces Bombarded by Medium Energy Ions

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 859 ◽  
Author(s):  
ER Cawthron
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission ◽  
Statistical Treatment ◽  
Solid Surfaces ◽  
Ionization Cross ◽  
Positive Ions ◽  
Interaction Processes ◽  
Reasonable Range ◽  
Ionization Cross Sections ◽  
Positive Ion

The results of Cawthron, Cotterell, and Oliphant for the emission of electrons produced by bombardment of a metal surface with various kinds of positive ions are compared with the predictions of proposed theories. It is seen that the complexity of the interaction processes occurring when a positive ion enters a surface is such that the emission process can only be described in a non-analytical manner, using a statistical treatment. The following discussion indicates that the observed results can be predicted qualitatively over a reasonable range of bombarding energies for many targets and ions by applying the theory of Parilis and Kishinevski. The energy loss cross sections, as well as the actual ionization cross sections, are shown to be important factors in determining the total emission.

Secondary Electron Contrast in Molecular Liquids

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (S2) ◽  
pp. 288-289
Author(s):  
B.L. Thiel ◽  
D.J. Stokes ◽  
A.M. Donald
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Electron Emission ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Secondary Electron Emission ◽  
Colloidal Suspensions ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Ionization Cross ◽  
Relative Contrast ◽  
Initial Generation ◽  
Ionization Cross Sections

Liquid containing specimens can be stabilized for observation in the Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM). It is also possible to examine systems that are primarily liquid, such as colloidal suspensions and gels, or even possess a multi-component liquid microstructure as in emulsions.(l) In order for such investigations to be useful, an understanding of the origins of secondary electron contrast in liquids is necessary. Our aim here is not to produce a complete theory of secondary electron emission in these systems, but to provide general guidelines for discriminating between two liquids based on relative contrast.Secondary electron emission from a substance is determined by three processes: creation, transport through the material, and escape from the surface.(2) Contrast between two regions will be due to differences in one or more of these processes. Initial generation of secondary electrons is primarily a function of the ionization cross-sections of the substance and its density.

The ionization of hydrogenic positive ions by electron impact

1963 ◽  
Vol 273 (1354) ◽  
pp. 372-386 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Impact ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Isoelectronic Sequence ◽  
Ionization Cross ◽  
Numerical Work ◽  
Detailed Consideration ◽  
Positive Ions ◽  
Ionization Cross Sections ◽  
Ionized Systems

Calculations of the cross-section for ionization of He + by electron impact are described. Further calculations indicate the behaviour of the ionization cross-sections of highly ionized systems in the hydrogen isoelectronic sequence. Detailed consideration is given to the numerical work required, and the results of various approximations are compared with experiment.

EXCITATION AND IONIZATION CROSS SECTIONS FOR HE I FROM NORMALIZED BORN AND K-MATRIX CALCULATIONS: ΔS = 0 TRANSITIONS FROM n = 2, 3 EXCITED STATES

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.L. Beigman ◽  
L.A. Vainshtein ◽  
M. Brix ◽  
A. Pospieszczyk ◽  
I. Bray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Excited States ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Ionization Cross ◽  
Ionization Cross Sections ◽  
K Matrix
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