scholarly journals The Drift Velocity of Potassium Ions in Hydrogen at 293°K

1967 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 471 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Elford
Keyword(s):  
Drift Velocity ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Drift Chamber ◽  
Molecular Ions ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Potassium Ions ◽  
Velocity Measurements ◽  
Ion Molecule Reactions ◽  
Positive Ions ◽  
Design Experiments

Although there exists a large body of data for the drift velocity of positive ions in gases (Loeb 1955; McDaniel 1964), some of the data are conflicting or ambiguous due to uncertainty concerning the identity of the ion being studied (Dalgarno, McDowell, and Williams 1958; Davies et al. 1966). This ambiguity isparticularly serious in the case of atomic or molecular ions moving in the parent gas, since ion-molecule reactions may occur in the ion source or within the drift chamber. The necessity for simultaneous drift velocity measurements and ion identification has led a number of workers (e.g. Edelson and McAffee 1964; Keller, Martin, and McDaniel 1965; Madson, Oskam, and Chanin 1965; Saporoschenko 1965) to design experiments in which such identification is possible. In these experiments the gas pressure in the drift chamber is of the order of a few torr while that in the mass spectrometer is usually less than 10-5 torr.

Negative Ionen durch Elektronenstoß aus organischen Nitroverbindungen, Äthylnitrit und Äthylnitrat

1967 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 700-704
Author(s):  
K. Jäger ◽  
A. Henglein
Keyword(s):  
Electron Impact ◽  
Negative Ions ◽  
Molecular Ions ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Electron Affinities ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Ion Molecule Reactions ◽  
Fragment Ions ◽  
Product Ions

Negative ion formation by electron impact has been studied in nitromethane, nitroethane, nitrobenzene, tetranitromethane, ethylnitrite and ethylnitrate. Appearance potentials, ionization efficiency curves and kinetic energies of negative ions were measured by using a Fox ion source. The electron affinities of C2H5O and of C (NO2)3 are discussed as well as the energetics of processes which yield NO2-. The electron capture in nitrobenzene and tetranitromethane leads to molecular ions [C6H5NO2~ in high, C (NO2)4 in very low intensity] besides many fragment ions. A number of product ions from negative ion-molecule reactions has also been found.

scholarly journals A Note on End Effects in Electron Drift Tube Experiments

1973 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 685
Author(s):  
MT Elford ◽  
AG Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Drift Velocity ◽  
Drift Tube ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Drift Chamber ◽  
Electron Drift Velocity ◽  
Electron Drift ◽  
Velocity Measurements ◽  
End Effects ◽  
Time Of Flight Method

Experiments to test the influence of end effects on electron drift velocity measurements by the Bradbury-Nielsen time-of-flight method are described. A comparison of data taken at drift distances of 5, 10, and 50 cm in hydrogen and 5 and 10 cm in helium shows that over the EIN and pressure ranges investigated the results are independent of drift distance and that it is justifiable to consider this distance as that between the mid planes of the grids which terminate the drift chamber.

Cyclopentadienylidenecarbonyl: the Major Primary Thermolytic Fragment of Salicylaldehyde

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (22) ◽  
pp. 3602-3606 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Mamer
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Title Compound ◽  
Molecular Ions ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Thermal Reactor ◽  
Helium Flow ◽  
Preparative Scale ◽  
Thermal Fragmentation ◽  
Chromatographic Mass

The thermal fragmentation of salicylaldehyde was studied from two aspects. Firstly, the temperature dependence of the intensity of the thermolytic fragment molecular ions was observed at 11 eV in the effluent from a helium flow thermal reactor attached through a helium separator to the ion source of a mass spectrometer. Secondly, the products of the thermolysis on a semi-preparative scale under trapping conditions were determined by coupled gas chromatographic – mass spectrometric analysis.The title compound is the major primary thermal fragment in this study and was trapped with methanol as carboxymethylcyclopentadiene.

Radiolysis of ethyl iodide and carbon tetrachloride mixtures at 77°K

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1625-1632 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Leblanc ◽  
F. C. Thyrion ◽  
J. A. Herman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Spin Resonance ◽  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Electron Spin ◽  
Ethyl Iodide ◽  
Ion Molecule Reactions ◽  
Positive Ions ◽  
Spin Resonance ◽  
Γ Rays ◽  
The Difference

The radical yields of C2H5• and CCl3• observed by electron spin resonance of CCl4 + C2H5I mixtures irradiated by γ rays at 77°K are compared with yields of HCl, I2, and HI measured after thawing. The dissociative capture of thermalized electrons by CCl4 is extremely effective and accounts for most of the observed radicals. The difference between yields of HCl and CCl3• results from charge transfer from C2H5I+ to CCl3•. The formation of iodine proceeds both from neutralization processes of Cl− ions with positive ions formed from C2H5I, and from ion–molecule reactions.

Ion-molecule reactions in ketones

1965 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souza BC de ◽  
JH Green
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Hydrogen Abstraction ◽  
Reaction Cross ◽  
Ion Source ◽  
Principal Mode ◽  
Ion Molecule Reactions ◽  
Elevated Pressures ◽  
Secondary Ions ◽  
Ion Proton ◽  
Approximate Rate

Reactions with gaseous ketones in the ion source of a mass spectrometer at elevated pressures have been studied. Reaction cross sections and approximate rate constants are reported for reactions leading to ions of mass M + 1, where M is the mass of the parent ion. Proton transfer rather than hydrogen abstraction seems to be the principal mode of reaction in the formation of these secondary ions.

Bulk GaN and AlGaN∕GaN heterostructure drift velocity measurements and comparison to theoretical models

2005 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 063705 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Barker ◽  
D. K. Ferry ◽  
D. D. Koleske ◽  
R. J. Shul
Keyword(s):  
Drift Velocity ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Velocity Measurements ◽  
Bulk Gan ◽  
Gan Heterostructure
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