scholarly journals Remarks on the Efficiencies of Geiger, Proportional, and Cintillation Counters with Application to the Absolute Intensity of Characteristic X-Radiation

1964 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
V Metchnik
Keyword(s):  
Scintillation Counter ◽  
Absolute Intensity ◽  
Geiger Counter ◽  
Counting Efficiency ◽  
Side Window ◽  
Intensity Measurements ◽  
Quantum Counting ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Good Agreement

The measurements of the absolute intensities of Ou Ka radiation, isolated by means of balanced nickel and iron filters,. necessitated the determination of the quantum counting efficiency of three types of detectors: an end� window argon-filled Geiger counter, a two side-window, xenon-filled proportional counter, and a scintillation counter with NaITI crystal. It is shown that, provided the necessary corrections are made, results of absolute intensity measurements obtained with these three detectors show good agreement.

Experimental Determination of Absolute A Coefficients for 'Forbidden' Atomic Oxygen Lines

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 455-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Kernahan ◽  
P. H-L. Pang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Atomic Oxygen ◽  
Transition Probabilities ◽  
Absolute Intensity ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Oxygen Discharge

We have obtained the transition probabilities of the 5577 Å, and 6300 Å lines of [OI] by simultaneously measuring the absolute intensity and the population of the upper state of each line in an inert gas–oxygen discharge. Further, we have obtained A values for the 2972 Å and 6364 Å lines by measuring relative intensities of lines from the 1S0 and 1D2 levels.

scholarly journals Determination of the absolute hardness of electrolytically produced copper coatings by application of the Chicot-Lesage composite hardness model

2021 ◽  
pp. 105-105
Author(s):  
Ivana Mladenovic ◽  
Jelena Lamovec ◽  
Dana Vasiljevic-Radovic ◽  
Vesna Radojevic ◽  
Nebojsa Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Pause Duration ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Copper Coatings ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Hardness Model ◽  
Composite Hardness ◽  
Pulsating Current ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Coating Hardness

In this study, a novel procedure based on application of the Chicot?Lesage (C?L) composite hardness model was proposed for determination of an absolute hardness of electrolytically produced copper coatings. The Cu coatings were electrodeposited on the Si(111) substrate by the pulsating current (PC) regime with a variation of the following parameters: the pause duration, the current density amplitude and the coating thickness. The topography of produced coatings was characterized by atomic force microscope (AFM), while a hardness of the coatings was examined by Vickers microindentation test. Applying the C?L model, the critical relative indentation depth (RID)c of 0.14 was determined, which is independent of all examined parameters of the PC regime. This RID value separated the area in which the composite hardness of the Cu coating corresponded to its absolute hardness (RID < 0.14) from the area in which application of the C?L model was necessary for a determination of the absolute coating hardness (RID ? 0.14). The obtained value was in a good agreement with the value already published in the literature.

scholarly journals Intercomparison of erythemal broadband radiometers calibrated by seven UV calibration facilities in Europe and the USA

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 2249-2273
Author(s):  
G. Hülsen ◽  
J. Gröbner ◽  
A. Bais ◽  
M. Blumthaler ◽  
P. Disterhoft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Calibration ◽  
Angular Response ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Combined Uncertainty ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Spectral Responses ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. A bi-lateral intercomparison of erythemal broadband radiometers was performed between seven UV calibration facilities. The owners calibrations were compared relative to the characterisation and calibration performed at PMOD/WRC in Davos, Switzerland. The calibration consisted in the determination of the spectral and angular response of the radiometer, followed by an absolute calibration performed outdoors relative to a spectroradiometer which provided the absolute reference. The characterization of the detectors in the respective laboratories are in good agreement: The determination of the angular responses have deviations below ±4% and the spectral responses agree within ±20%. A "blind" intercomparison of the erythemally weighted irradiances derived by the respective institutes and PMOD/WRC showed consistent measurements to within ±2% for the majority of institutes. One institute showed slightly larger deviation of 10%. The differences found between the different instrument calibrations are all within the combined uncertainty of the calibration.

scholarly journals Intercomparison of erythemal broadband radiometers calibrated by seven UV calibration facilities in Europe and the USA

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 4865-4875 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hülsen ◽  
J. Gröbner ◽  
A. Bais ◽  
M. Blumthaler ◽  
P. Disterhoft ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Calibration ◽  
Angular Response ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Combined Uncertainty ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Spectral Responses ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. A bi-lateral intercomparison of erythemal broadband radiometers was performed between seven UV calibration facilities. The calibrations provided by the instruments owners were compared relative to the characterisation and calibration performed at PMOD/WRC in Davos, Switzerland. The calibration consisted in the determination of the spectral and angular response of the radiometer, followed by an absolute calibration performed outdoors relative to a spectroradiometer which provided the absolute reference. The characterization of the detectors in the respective laboratories are in good agreement: The determinations of the angular responses have deviations below ±4% and the spectral responses agree within ±20%. A "blind" intercomparison of the erythemally weighted irradiances derived by the respective institutes and PMOD/WRC showed consistent measurements to within ±2% for the majority of institutes. One institute showed slightly larger deviation of 10%. The differences found between the different instrument calibrations are all within the combined uncertainty of the calibration.

Determination of thermodynamic functions from absolute intensity measurements in microwave spectroscopy

1973 ◽  
Vol 95 (19) ◽  
pp. 6182-6190 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Curl ◽  
Tatsuya. Ikeda ◽  
R. S. Williams ◽  
Sharron. Leavell ◽  
L. H. Scharpen
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Functions ◽  
Absolute Intensity ◽  
Microwave Spectroscopy ◽  
Intensity Measurements

scholarly journals Determination of Absolute Proper Motions by Use of Automated Measurements of Tautenburg Plates

1990 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 451-452
Author(s):  
R.-D. Scholz
Keyword(s):  
Globular Cluster ◽  
Proper Motion ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
Automated Measurements ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Good Agreement

From measurements of Tautenburg Schmidt plates with the APM in Cambridge positional accuracies per plate of 0.″05 for stars and of 0.″10 for galaxies were achieved. With 0.″3/100a accuracy in a single stellar proper motion we obtained the absolute proper motion of the M3 globular cluster in good agreement between the two pairs of plates used.

scholarly journals Absolute Intensities of Characteristic Ka Radiation from an Inclined Copper Target

1964 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
V Metchnik
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Scintillation Counter ◽  
Normal Incidence ◽  
Absolute Intensity ◽  
Incident Electron ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Copper Target ◽  
Absolute Intensities ◽  
Incident Electron Beam ◽  
The Absolute

Experimental results are given for the measurements of the absolute intensity of characteristic Ka radiation from a thick copper target when the normal to the target is inclined to the incident electron beam at an angle (I equal to 20�, 30�, 40�, and 50�. These measurements cover a range of electron energies between 20 and 50 kV, and take�off angles q, ranging from 1� to 50�. A comparison is made with the emission at normal incidence. The copper Ka radiation was isolated by means of balanced nickel and iron filters, and the intensity mllasurements were made with a scintillation counter with NaI(TI) crystal

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