scholarly journals Elevation, Height, and Electron Density of Echoing Points of Meteor Trails

1959 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
AA Weiss

Continuous and systematic operation of a C.W. equipment which measures simultaneously several characteristics of meteor echoes, including the location in space of the reflection point, provides the basic material for an examination of the geometry of detection of meteor trails by radio equipments and of the processes underlying selection of echoes for measurements of different kinds.

Nature ◽  
1947 ◽  
Vol 160 (4072) ◽  
pp. 670-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. B. LOVELL

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-37
Author(s):  
Р.Х. Беков

Рассмотрены важные аспекты использования геноносителей различных маркерных признаков при создании и селекции гетерозисных гибридов томата для защищенного грунта. Наряду с общими требованиями к родительским компонентам, касающимися продуктивности растений, скороспелости, устойчивости к болезням и т. д., сегодня при селекции на гетерозис для защищенного грунта к исходному материалу предъявляют более высокие требования по наличию хозяйственно полезных признаков. Эти требования касаются типа роста растений, формы, окраски и качества плодов, типа кисти, формы плодоножки и т. д. Представлены характеристики исходного материала для создания гетерозисных гибридов томата, а также даны характеристики полученных гибридов. Исследования, проведенные в отделе селекции ВНИИО (ВНИИ овощеводства – филиал ФГБНУ ФНЦО), показали большую перспективность использования при гетерозисной селекции томата для защищенного грунта геноносителей различных маркерных признаков, особенно признаков, определяющих коричневую окраску эндосперма семян (гены bs и bs-2) и несочлененную плодоножку (ген j-2). Созданные с использованием этих маркерных признаков гибриды и селекционные линии по-своему уникальны и являются приоритетным достижением этого научного учреждения, так как они представляют большой интерес для гетерозисной селекции томата в качестве исходного материала. Целый ряд гибридов F1 включен в Госреестр селекционных достижений, допущенных к использованию (Удача, Голубчик, Клад овощевода, Заур и др.). В связи с развитием фермерского и любительского овощеводства в последние годы определенное внимание было уделено созданию новых мутантных линий с розовыми, малиновыми и темно-коричневыми плодами с высокими вкусовыми качествами (учитывая, что образцы такого типа пользуются повышенным спросом у населения и стоят дороже). При создании новых гетерозисных гибридов были учтены эти признаки родительских форм. Important aspects of the use of gene carriers of various marker traits in the creation and selection of heterotic tomato hybrids for greenhouse industry are considered. Along with the general requirements for the parent components concerning plant productivity, precocity, resistance to diseases, etc., today, when breeding for heterosis for greenhouse industry, higher requirements are imposed on the source material for the presence of economically useful features. These requirements relate to the type of plant growth, shape, colour and quality of fruits, brush type, stem shape, etc. The characteristics of the initial material for creating heterotic tomato hybrids are presented, as well as the characteristics of the resulting hybrids are given. Studies conducted in the breeding department of the ARRIVG (ARRIVG – a branch of the FSBI FSCV) showed great prospects for the use of gene carriers of various marker traits, especially those that determine the brown colour of the seed endosperm (bs and bs-2 genes) and an undifferentiated peduncle (j-2 gene) in the heterosis breeding of tomatoes for greenhouses. Hybrids and breeding lines created using these marker traits are unique in their own way and are a priority achievement of this scientific institution, since they are of great interest for the heterosis breeding of tomato as a basic material. A number of F1 hybrids are included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements allowed for use (Udacha, Golubchik, Klad ovoschevoda, Zaur, etc.). Due to the development of farming and amateur vegetable growing in recent years, some attention has been paid to the creation of new mutant lines with pink, crimson and dark brown fruits with high taste qualities (given that samples of this type are in high demand among the population and are more expensive). When creating new heterotic hybrids, these features of the parent forms were taken into account.


Solar Energy ◽  
2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Rohner ◽  
Andreas Neumann

The correct selection of the operating wavelength is essential for a precise pyrometric temperature measurement on solar irradiated samples, as the measurement may be disturbed by reflected solar radiation. Atmospheric conditions and particularly the emissivity as basic material property determine the amount of this reflected and the emitted radiation from a sample under investigation. An approach to solve this problem by using a monochromator system for temperature measurement in the UV-B range was developed and experimentally tested. With this system, temperature measurements were possible beginning at 1320°C and ranging up to about 2400°C. Two calculation methods are described and compared. The influence of the calibration temperature on the quality of the temperature measurement is shown. Measurements on a blackbody up to 1500°C were performed for calibration purpose. Temperature measurements on a real solar heated magnesia sample up to 2400°C are presented and discussed. These spectral measurements on hot bodies irradiated in the DLR Solar Furnace led to the final specification of the measurement wavelengths to be in the range from 280 nm to 293 nm.


JOURNAL ASRO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Agus Setiadji ◽  
Benny Sukandari ◽  
Joni Widjayanto ◽  
Rifki Najib

To determine the ideal landing beaches in amphibious operations must meet the requirements / criteria that have been determined, because it serves as an important component in the choice of landing beaches. The criteria include the type of beach, gradient beach, the basic material of beach, long beach landings, the type of breaking waves, tide, the kind of obstacles beach, ocean currents, the field behind the beach, the reference point mark landing beaches and access to the exit / entrance beach , In determining the selection of the landing beaches Marine / Navy had not done the calculation / mathematical model and not using a scientific method, such instances it is necessary to make a decision-making model in the case of election of the landing beaches in amphibious operations exercise. This study aims to determine the location of the landing beachesusing Fuzzy MCDM. The use of this method is the solution to produce a more objective group decision in the selection of an amphibious landing beach which data are accurate and reliable to help solve problems that are multi-criteria. There are 11 (eleven) criteria and 4 (four) alternatives identified in this study. Of the 11 criteria which have the highest weighting criteria for the alternative chosen in the first rank third alternative, namely PPD 3. Keywords: Amphibious Operations, Fuzzy MCDM, Criteria and Alternatives.


Author(s):  
Denys Zagirniak ◽  
Oleg Kratt ◽  
Mykhaylo Zagirnyak

Topicality of the research subject. The government authorities are concerned about higher education as human capital is being formed in this area.This concern is lessening as macroeconomic indicators show a lack of economic opportunities. Statement of the problem. Limited state funding for higher education requires improved spending of budget funds. Analysis of the recent research and publications. The state funding of higher education is considered at the macro- and micro levels from different angles. Selection of the unresearched parts of the general problem. There is no link between state funding of higher education at the macro level and the use of government funds at the micro level. Statement of the task and the purpose of the research. The method for the assessment of the finance provision of higher education has been improved, which makes it possible to achieve congruence between the mechanism of state order and the choice of educational services by consumers. Method or methodology of the research. A method for assessing the effectiveness of the financial provision of higher education in the space that has the parameters of “educational degree” and “field of knowledge” has been proposed. Statement of the basic material (results of the work). The low effectiveness of the use of state financial resources in relation to specialties and institutions of higher education of Poltava region has been determined. In the segment of “junior specialists” 113 places of the state order were not selected, and in the segment of “bachelors” – 98 places of state order. For most specialties in the segments the license amount did not correspond to the amount of state orders. The segments of the market of educational services differed significantly as to the state order. In the segment of “junior specialists” the share of the state budget places in the amount of demand was 85.16%, the share in the segment of “bachelors” – 60.24%, and in the segment of “masters” –  36.17%. The state stimulated potential consumers with the help of the state order to buy educational services. The state did not fund the realization of the HEI potential, encouraging them to commercialize educational programs. Field of application of results. The field of higher education. Conclusions. The proposed assessment methodology enables determining the effectiveness of the use of the state financial resources for specialties and institutions of higher education and the selection of possible alternative models for the distribution of the state order for their further financing.


2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Svitlana Yeroshkina

Results over of theoretical analysis for the selection of corresponding basic material of sail clothes fabric for a different classes, types and views of sailing boats are given in the article. Sailing boats needs the proper of yachting equipment, that goes both with the manipulation of boats and rigging (in accordance of views, classes and types of sailing boats). The material for sailing is elected by participants of competitions depending of the area of navigation, the strength of wind, the whole distances and boat’s possibilities, coming from technical criteria and parameters of the boats. Full analysis of economic efficiency is conducted and price politics of different material’s types for sails in accordance with its chemical composition is analyzed. The most effective type of factory fabric is certain for sewing of sails for racing boats. For a deep scientific analysis and practical realization of the investigated process an accent is done on the exposure of the most popular sailing sailcloth materials used only on the famous world regattas. These results are very important and needed foremost for the first-class skippers of modern world racing boats, to identify most practical and super persistent to the wind, the sun, salt water materials that use in sewing of racing sails. Necessary analyses and descriptions of scientific article concerning sewing of racing sails also will be useful to the yachtsmen that only begin the way in the world of cruise yachting and sporting yachting races. Importance of faithful direction at the choice of material for sails is done not only for the decision element of victories in races and regattas, but also for an answer on many questions, constrained concerning speed of boat, norm of coverage of sails and, in the end, with maneuverability, boat speed.


1981 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1253-1254
Author(s):  
Karl F. Fischer

By appropriate selection of two or three wavelengths, intensity differences can be used for obtaining directly the electron density distribution (i.e. the arrangement of atoms) for parts of a crystal structure. Application to macro­molecules and amorphous binary substances appear fea­sible.


This paper is concerned with the effects of electron attachment to neutral air molecules on the characteristics of radio echoes from meteor trails. Previously it has been assumed that diffusion processes were primarily responsible for the reduction of volume electron density in a meteor trail, and also in limiting the echo duration. In a companion paper a value of the attachment coefficient β e = 5 x 10 -15 cm 3 s -1 has been determined from combined photo­graphic and radio echo observations of a meteor. An effect of an attachment coefficient of this magnitude is to reduce the expected echo duration by a factor of 1000 or more for a bright fireball. The observed relation between visual meteor magnitude and echo duration is explained by this mechanism, as are the departures from the wavelength squared variation of echo dura­tion predicted by diffusion theory. Attachment processes also account for the observation that the final heights of enduring meteor echoes all centre about 95 km, even though bright meteors may show a maximum in light intensity below 80 km.


2014 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petru Avram ◽  
Marius Stelian Imbrea ◽  
Bogdan Istrate ◽  
Sorin Iacob Strugaru ◽  
Iulian Cucos ◽  
...  

Idlers are machine elements which are subjected to friction solicitations. The geometry, dimensions and weight can’t be modified that is why we decided to modify the contact surface by coating. We have chosen the steel type OLC 45 and we coated it with CMoCuNiCrSiBO by thermal deposition. The selection of these materials was made after a detailed study of the literature. After we obtained the samples, we subjected them to qualitative analyses SEM and XRD and to Quantitative analysis – wearing – destructive test where we obtained the friction coefficient between two coated surfaces [1]. We made the samples which we have analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction and we obtained the quality of the coating [2]. The results showed that the new material has a better structure than the basic material, and we can estimate a high durability of the machine elements coated. On friction test we have determined friction coefficient value.


Author(s):  
Yurii Havrylets ◽  
Volodymyr Rizun ◽  
Sergii Tukaiev ◽  
Maksym Khylko

The objective of the study was to classify the existing methods of the TV news content selection, and to assess the advantages and shortcomings of each approach. To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been performed: 1) considering the existing approaches to the selection of the TV news content, applied in the media effects studies; 2) summarizing and classifying the approaches used for the selection of the TV news stories for experiments in the media effects studies; 3) analysing the advantages and disadvantages of each technique of the experimental selection of the TV news content. The research was conducted through the use of scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, transition from the abstract to the concrete, and document review. Several criteria were applied to the selection of the studies to be included in the review of methods of the TV news materials selection: 1) only those experimental articles and thesis were selected, in which the TV news was the independent variable, and the reaction of surveyed people was the dependent variable; 2) the articles and theses should include a clear description of the methods of the TV news selection. Results and Conclusions. The TV news content was examined as a basic material for experiments in social communications. Based on the academic publications of the American and European scientists, we elaborated the classification of methods for the media content selection in the media effects studies. Different approaches to the selection of news material were proposed. According to the proposed classification, all methods of the media content selection were divided into the primary methods (pool method) and secondary methods (Self-Assessment Mannequin test; semantic differential method; R. Likert emotion assessment scale; J.B. Haskins scale for the good-bad news assessment). The validity and reliability of these techniques was proved by the studies in the TV news effects.


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