scholarly journals The Ionization of Liquid Argon by a-Particles

1958 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
FD Stacey
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Charge Separation ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Liquid Argon ◽  
Energetic Electrons

Calculations suggest that in liquid argon the column of ionization produced by :an a-particle consists of a core of positive charge 0�6?1 �5�10?5 cm in diameter concentric with a larger cloud of electrons extending to a diameter of 40�10?5 cm. This leads to a new description of charge separation in an applied electric field, in which the positive and negative charges are drawn apart slightly (polarized) and the more energetic electrons Bscape from the edge of the column.

Splashing of water drops on solid and wetted surfaces: hydrodynamics and charge separation

1971 ◽  
Vol 269 (1200) ◽  
pp. 555-585 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Charge Separation ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Positive Charge ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
Space Charges ◽  
Water Drops ◽  
The Impact

The charges separated by splashes on solid and wetted surfaces are shown to be carried on the liquid fragments ejected from the crown. Experimental observations on the nature of these splashes are presented and mechanisms for the formation and break-up of the crown are proposed. The surface on which a splash occurs is generally left with a positive charge, the magnitude of which decreases with increasing concentration of solute in the drop. This is explained by the disruption of the electrical double layer. When drops containing ammonium hydroxide in excess of 2.5 x 10-5 mol 1_1 splash on ice at — 1 °C the ice receives a positive charge. In this case, freezing potentials appear to play a role in the charging. In an applied electric field the charges separated by splashing increase as the field is increased, in agreement with an induction mechanism of charging. Also, in an applied electric field, the charges initially increase as the impact speed is increased but beyond a certain impact speed the charges decrease. This is explained in terms of the relative magnitudes of the time of contact of the ejected liquid fragments with the crown and the relaxation time of charge carriers in the liquid. The role of charge separation due to splashing in thunderstorm electrification and in the build-up of space charges during rainfall is discussed.

LIQUID CRYSTLASLIGHT SCATTERING BY FLUCTUATIONS INDUCED BY AN APPLIED ELECTRIC FIELD IN A NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTAL (APAPA)

1972 ◽  
Vol 33 (C1) ◽  
pp. C1-63-C1-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. BERTOLOTTI ◽  
B. DAINO ◽  
P. Di PORTO ◽  
F. SCUDIERI ◽  
D. SETTE
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Nematic Liquid Crystal ◽  
Applied Electric Field

Improved technique for measuring mechanical deformations induced by an applied electric field to an organic insulator

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 127-139
Author(s):  
Tung Tran Anh ◽  
Laurent Berquez ◽  
Laurent Boudou ◽  
Juan Martinez-Vega ◽  
Alain Lacarnoy
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Mechanical Deformations ◽  
Improved Technique

Solution for a Semi-Permeable Interface Crack in Elastic Dielectric/Piezoelectric Bimaterials

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. Li ◽  
Y. H. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Interface Crack ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Crack Tip ◽  
Crack Model ◽  
Permeable Crack ◽  
Impermeable Crack ◽  
Silicon Oil ◽  
Elastic Dielectric

A semi-permeable interface crack in infinite elastic dielectric/piezoelectric bimaterials under combined electric and mechanical loading is studied by using the Stroh complex variable theory. Attention is focused on the influence induced from the permittivity of the medium inside the crack gap on the near-tip singularity and on the energy release rate (ERR). Thirty five kinds of such bimaterials are considered, which are constructed by five kinds of elastic dielectrics and seven kinds of piezoelectrics, respectively. Numerical results for the interface crack tip singularities are calculated. We demonstrate that, whatever the dielectric phase is much softer or much harder than the piezoelectric phase, the structure of the singular field near the semi-permeable interface crack tip in such bimaterials always consists of the singularity r−1∕2 and a pair of oscillatory singularities r−1∕2±iε. Calculated values of the oscillatory index ε for the 35 kinds of bimaterials are presented in tables, which are always within the range between 0.046 and 0.088. Energy analyses for five kinds of such bimaterials constructed by PZT-4 and the five kinds of elastic dielectrics are studied in more detail under four different cases: (i) the crack is electrically conducting, (ii) the crack gap is filled with air/vacuum, (iii) the crack gap is filled with silicon oil, and (iv) the crack is electrically impermeable. Detailed comparisons on the variable tendencies of the crack tip ERR against the applied electric field are given under some practical electromechanical loading levels. We conclude that the different values of the permittivity have no influence on the crack tip singularity but have significant influences on the crack tip ERR. We also conclude that the previous investigations under the impermeable crack model are incorrect since the results of the ERR for the impermeable crack show significant discrepancies from those for the semi-permeable crack, whereas the previous investigations under the conducting crack model may be accepted in a tolerant way since the results of the ERR show very small discrepancies from those for the semi-permeable crack, especially when the crack gap is filled with silicon oil. In all cases under consideration the curves of the ERR for silicon oil are more likely tending to those for the conducting crack rather than to those for air or vacuum. Finally, we conclude that the variable tendencies of the ERR against the applied electric field have an interesting load-dependent feature when the applied mechanical loading increases. This feature is due to the nonlinear relation between the normal electric displacement component and the applied electromechanical loadings from a quadratic equation.

Synergistic use of electroosmotic flow and magnetic forces for nucleic acid extraction

The Analyst ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (6) ◽  
pp. 2412-2419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel N. Deraney ◽  
Lindsay Schneider ◽  
Anubhav Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Microfluidic Chip ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Electroosmotic Flow ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Nucleic Acid Extraction ◽  
Magnetic Forces ◽  
Extraction And Purification

NA extraction and purification utilitzing a microfluidic chip with applied electric field to induce electroosmotic flow opposite the magnetic NA-bound bead mix.

Investigation on dynamic holographic display in liquid crystal film doped with carbon dots

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 780-787
Author(s):  
Hongyue Gao ◽  
Suna Li ◽  
Jicheng Liu ◽  
Wen Zhou ◽  
Fan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Diffraction Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Dots ◽  
Applied Electric Field ◽  
Light Polarization ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Time Dynamic ◽  
Holographic Display

In this paper, we studied the holographic properties of liquid crystal (LC) thin film doped with carbon dots (CDs) which can be used as real-time holographic display screen. The maximum value of diffraction efficiency can reach up to 30% by using a low applied electric field 0.2 V/μm. Holograms in the LC film can be dynamically formed and self-erased. The hologram build-up time and the hologram self-erasure time in the material is fast enough to realize video refresh rate. In addition, the forming process of hologram was studied. The holographic diffraction efficiency was measured depending on the intensity of recording light, applied electric field, the intensity of readout light, and readout light polarization direction. Triple enhancement of the diffraction efficiency value by the modulation of voltage under the condition of low recording energy is presented. Therefore, we develop an easy way to obtain real-time dynamic holographic red, green and blue displays with high diffraction efficiency, which allow the LC film doped with CDs to be used as a holographic 3D display screen.

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