COPY: A new technique for evaluation of biodiversity protection projects

1999 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Cullen ◽  
G. A. Fairburn ◽  
K. F. D. Hughey
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Biodiversity Protection ◽  
Output Measure ◽  
Utility Evaluation ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
The Cost

New Zealand, like many other countries, is troubled by introduced animal and plant species which attack, damage, or displace indigenous species. Considerable amounts of taxpayer funds are spent each year attempting to combat these invasive species and some research has been conducted into the "cost effectiveness" and the efficiency of various conservation activities. Research into the cost effectiveness of biodiversity protection projects is hindered by the absence of satisfactory measures of output. A new output measure, Conservation Output Protection Years (COPY) is proposed for use in a cost utility evaluation of biodiversity protection projects. This paper outlines this approach and reports on the use of COPY in evaluation of six New Zealand biodiversity protection projects. The paper demonstrates that COPY provides a practical output measure, and reports on the comparative output per dollar spent on each biodiversity protection project.

scholarly journals Cost-utility analysis of a consensus and evidence-based medication review to optimize and potentially reduce psychotropic drug prescription in institutionalized dementia patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireia Massot Mesquida ◽  
Frans Folkvord ◽  
Gemma Seda ◽  
Francisco Lupiáñez-Villanueva ◽  
Pere Torán Monserrat
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Medication Review ◽  
Standard Care ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Cost Utility Analysis ◽  
Utility Analysis ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Dementia Patients ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Background Growing evidence shows the effects of psychotropic drugs on the evolution of dementia. Until now, only a few studies have evaluated the cost-effectiveness of psychotropic drugs in institutionalized dementia patients. This study aims to assess the cost-utility of intervention performed in the metropolitan area of Barcelona (Spain) (MN) based on consensus between specialized caregivers involved in the management of dementia patients for optimizing and potentially reducing the prescription of inappropriate psychotropic drugs in this population. This analysis was conducted using the Monitoring and Assessment Framework for the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (MAFEIP) tool. Methods The MAFEIP tool builds up from a variety of surrogate endpoints commonly used across different studies in order to estimate health and economic outcomes in terms of incremental changes in quality adjusted life years (QALYs), as well as health and social care utilization. Cost estimates are based on scientific literature and expert opinion; they are direct costs and include medical visits, hospital care, medical tests and exams and drugs administered, among other concepts. The healthcare costs of patients using the intervention were calculated by means of a medication review that compared patients’ drug-related costs before, during and after the use of the intervention conducted in MN between 2012 and 2014. The cost-utility analysis was performed from the perspective of a health care system with a time horizon of 12 months. Results The tool calculated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of the intervention, revealing it to be dominant, or rather, better (more effective) and cheaper than the current (standard) care. The ICER of the intervention was in the lower right quadrant, making it an intervention that is always accepted even with the lowest given Willingness to Pay (WTP) threshold value (€15,000). Conclusions The results of this study show that the intervention was dominant, or rather, better (more effective) and cheaper than the current (standard) care. This dominant intervention is therefore recommended to interested investors for systematic application.

scholarly journals The cost-effectiveness of fluoridating water supplies in New Zealand

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice C. Wright ◽  
Michael N. Bates ◽  
Terry Cutress ◽  
Martin Lee
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Water Supplies ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Cost-effectiveness of treatment optimisation with biomarkers for immunotherapy in solid tumours: a systematic review protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. e048141
Author(s):  
Sara Mucherino ◽  
Valentina Lorenzoni ◽  
Valentina Orlando ◽  
Isotta Triulzi ◽  
Marzia Del Re ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Solid Tumours ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Monetary Benefit ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Net Monetary Benefit

IntroductionThe combination of biomarkers and drugs is the subject of growing interest both from regulators, physicians and companies. This study protocol of a systematic review is aimed to describe available literature evidences about the cost-effectiveness, cost-utility or net-monetary benefit of the use of biomarkers in solid tumour as tools for customising immunotherapy to identify what further research needs.Methods and analysisA systematic review of the literature will be carried out according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement guidelines. PubMed and Embase will be queried from June 2010 to June 2021. The PICOS model will be applied: target population (P) will be patients with solid tumours treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs); the interventions (I) will be test of the immune checkpoint predictive biomarkers; the comparator (C) will be any other targeted or non-targeted therapy; outcomes (O) evaluated will be health economic and clinical implications assessed in terms of incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, net health benefit, net monetary benefit, life years gained, quality of life, etc; study (S) considered will be economic evaluations reporting cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-utility analysis, net-monetary benefit. The quality of the evidence will be graded according to Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation.Ethics and disseminationThis systematic review will assess the cost-effectiveness implications of using biomarkers in the immunotherapy with ICIs, which may help to understand whether this approach is widespread in real clinical practice. This research is exempt from ethics approval because the work is carried out on published documents. We will disseminate this protocol in a related peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020201549.

scholarly journals Corrigendum: Brief alcohol intervention for risky drinking in young people aged 14–15 years in secondary schools: the SIPS JR-HIGH RCT

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 135-142
Author(s):  
Emma L Giles ◽  
Grant J McGeechan ◽  
Simon Coulton ◽  
Paolo Deluca ◽  
Colin Drummond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Alcohol Intervention ◽  
Risky Drinking ◽  
Brief Alcohol Intervention ◽  
Utility Evaluation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Phd Thesis ◽  
And Control

Abstract During independent re-analysis of the cost data for a PhD thesis, a coding error was identified in one of the sensitivity analyses of the cost-utility evaluation of the trial looking at the effect of excluding from the intervention and control costs the cost of missed school days.

Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility evaluation of the individual vs. group transdiagnostic psychological treatment for emotional disorders in Primary Care (PsicAP-Costs) v2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angel Aguilera-Martin ◽  
Mario Gálvez-Lara ◽  
Fátima Cuadrado ◽  
Eliana Moreno ◽  
Francisco García-Torres ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Psychological Treatment ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Utility Evaluation ◽  
The Individual

The aim of this study is to compare, in cost-effectiveness and cost-utility terms, a brief transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioural therapy in two different modes, individual and group, with the treatment usually administered in primary care (TAU). Participants between 18 and 65 years old and with, according to the pretreatment evaluation, mild to moderate emotional disorders will be randomly allocated to the three clusters. They will be assessed again immediately after treatment and 6 and 12 months later. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04847310

Health economics and health promotion

2018 ◽  
pp. 113-140
Author(s):  
Colin Palfrey
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Health Economics ◽  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Value For Money ◽  
Cost Minimisation ◽  
The Cost

This chapter examines the techniques used by health economists to evaluate the value for money of health promotion initiatives. It first provides an overview of concepts related to economics and health economics, including efficiency, equality, equity and accessibility. Efficiency can be evaluated in terms of cost-minimisation, cost-effectiveness, cost-benefit and cost-utility. The chapter then considers the various rationing strategies by which the NHS can try to reduce expenditure, the use of QALYs to compare the cost-effectiveness of health promotion projects, and conjoint analysis. It also explains how health economists calculate the cost to society of unhealthy lifestyles such as obesity and smoking, and goes on to tackle the question of prevention vs cure in health promotion, the expenditure on the NHS, and the limitations of health economics in evaluation of health promotion endeavours. The chapter concludes with an assessment of how to estimate the costs of health promotion.

Advanced HIV Infection Treated with Zidovudine Monotherapy: Lifetime Values of Absolute Cost—Effectiveness as a Pharmacoeconomic Reference for Future Studies Evaluating Antiretroviral Combination Treatments

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1447-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Messori ◽  
Paola Becagli ◽  
Valeria Berto ◽  
Sabrina Trippoli ◽  
Maria Font ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Average Lifetime ◽  
Combined Method ◽  
Zidovudine Monotherapy ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Triple Treatment ◽  
The Cost

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to evaluate the cost and the effectiveness of zidovudine monotherapy in patients with advanced HIV infection and to derive preliminary data on the cost—effectiveness of the triple treatment with saquinavir plus zalcitabine plus zidovudine compared with zidovudine alone. DESIGN: We used a combined method of survival analysis utilizing both the quality-adjusted time without symptoms or toxicity (Q-TWIST) method and the Gompertz approach. This combined method was applied to assess the absolute cost-effectiveness and cost—utility ratios of zidovudine monotherapy and to perform a preliminary incremental cost—effectiveness comparison of saquinavir plus zalcitabine plus zidovudine versus zidovudine alone. The clinical material used in our study was derived from two reports on the treatment of advanced HIV infection. Data of lifetime costs of HIV infection were obtained from published information. RESULTS: In patients with advanced HIV infection treated with zidovudine monotherapy, lifetime survival was 252.1 discounted person-years per 100 patients. Using an average lifetime cost of $93 000 (discounted) per individual, the absolute ratio of cost—effectiveness for zidovudine monotherapy was $36 980 per life-year, while the absolute cost—utility ratio was $47 112 per quality-adjusted life-year. In the comparative analysis of saquinavir plus zalcitabine plus zidovudine versus zidovudine alone, our calculations showed that the administration of the triple treatment can have an “average” cost—effectiveness, provided that mean lifetime survival per patient (discounted) is improved to at least 3.68 years (with an average survival gain of at least 14 mo per patient). CONCLUSIONS: The values of absolute cost—effectiveness and cost—utility ratios for zidovudine monotherapy are a useful reference point for further pharmacoeconomic studies in the area of antiretroviral drugs.

Cost-effectiveness studies in ovarian cancer

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (Suppl 2) ◽  
pp. 212-219
Author(s):  
T. D. Szucs ◽  
P. Wyss ◽  
K. J. Dedes
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Pain And Suffering ◽  
Acquisition Costs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Effectiveness Studies ◽  
The Impact

Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. The costs associated with this cancer impact both on the affected individual and on the health system. Screening is currently unproven as a strategy for improving outcomes for women with ovarian cancer. Randomized controlled trials, however, are underway, estimating any impact of screening with ultrasound and CA125 on ovarian cancer mortality. Paclitaxel and carboplatin combination, the standard first-line chemotherapy regimen for ovarian cancer, has not been compared with cisplatin and cyclophosphamide regarding the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility, but for paclitaxel and cisplatin, numerous studies have addressed these issues. The estimated incremental costs resulting from these studies fall well within the generally accepted range for new therapies. Although acquisition costs of new chemotherapy drugs exceed those of older drugs, the impact of costly drugs on total costs may be cost saving due to less costs related to supportive and palliative care. The most important costs for the patient, the pain and suffering associated with ovarian cancer and its treatment, are hard to quantify. Nevertheless, patients' quality of life must be considered when making a clinical decision to treat this disease. A review of available cost-effectiveness studies is presented and discussed.

scholarly journals The cost-effectiveness of oral health interventions: A systematic review of cost-utility analyses

2017 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruvini M. Hettiarachchi ◽  
Sanjeewa Kularatna ◽  
Martin J. Downes ◽  
Joshua Byrnes ◽  
Jeroen Kroon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Economic evaluation of online computerised cognitive–behavioural therapy without support for depression in primary care: randomised trial

2010 ◽  
Vol 196 (4) ◽  
pp. 310-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. H. Gerhards ◽  
L. E. de Graaf ◽  
L. E. Jacobs ◽  
J. L. Severens ◽  
M. J. H. Huibers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Cost Utility ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
The Cost

BackgroundEvidence about the cost-effectiveness and cost utility of computerised cognitive–behavioural therapy (CCBT) is still limited. Recently, we compared the clinical effectiveness of unsupported, online CCBT with treatment as usual (TAU) and a combination of CCBT and TAU (CCBT plus TAU) for depression. The study is registered at the Netherlands Trial Register, part of the Dutch Cochrane Centre (ISRCTN47481236).AimsTo assess the cost-effectiveness of CCBT compared with TAU and CCBT plus TAU.MethodCosts, depression severity and quality of life were measured for 12 months. Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analyses were performed from a societal perspective. Uncertainty was dealt with by bootstrap replications and sensitivity analyses.ResultsCosts were lowest for the CCBT group. There are no significant group differences in effectiveness or quality of life. Cost-utility and cost-effectiveness analyses tend to be in favour of CCBT.ConclusionsOn balance, CCBT constitutes the most efficient treatment strategy, although all treatments showed low adherence rates and modest improvements in depression and quality of life.

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