Translocation of the Palila, an endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G. Fancy ◽  
Thomas J. Snetsinger ◽  
James D. Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Release Site ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Eastern Slope ◽  
Site Tenacity ◽  
Avian Disease

The Palila Loxioides bailleui is an endangered Hawaiian honeycreeper that is restricted to high-elevation dry woodlands on Mauna Kea volcano, Hawaii. Palila are absent or occur in small numbers throughout most of their historic range because of habitat loss, predation and avian disease. The Palila's habitat is regenerating as a result of feral ungulate control, but the species is likely to be slow in recolonizing former ranges because of strong site tenacity. In March 1993, we translocated 35 Palila to Kanakaleonui on the eastern slope of Mauna Kea to determine whether we could speed recovery by releasing adult birds in new areas where predators were controlled. At least two pairs of translocated Palila successfully nested at the release site during their first breeding season, and two other pairs constructed nests. The density of Palila at Kanakaleonui in the three years following the translocation was higher than that before translocation. Approximately half of the translocated birds remained at the release site for 2?6 weeks and then homed back to their capture site, >20 km away. Translocations of adult birds and release of captive-reared juvenile Palila, in combination with additional habitat restoration, may be an effective management tool for speeding the recovery of this species.

Is translocation of stock-raiding leopards into a protected area with resident conspecifics an effective management tool?

2010 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Weilenmann ◽  
Markus Gusset ◽  
David R. Mills ◽  
Tefo Gabanapelo ◽  
Monika Schiess-Meier
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Satellite Telemetry ◽  
Release Site ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Ranging Behaviour ◽  
Individual Survival ◽  
Movement Distance ◽  
Lethal Management

ContextTranslocation as a non-lethal management tool to eliminate individual ‘problem’ animals is commonly used but rarely evaluated. AimWe sought to evaluate whether translocating stock-raiding leopards (Panthera pardus) into a protected area with resident conspecifics in Botswana is effective in dealing with ‘problem’ carnivores. MethodsWe assessed release-site fidelity, ranging behaviour, individual survival and reduction of conflict after translocation of four translocated leopards in relation to four resident conspecifics, which were tracked from 24 days up to 4 years. Key resultsNone of the translocated leopards showed release-site fidelity; they either returned to the trap site or showed extensive roaming behaviour after release. Three of the four translocated leopards reportedly resumed stock-raiding and were shot when ranging outside of protected areas, which apparently was a consequence of being released into an area already occupied by territorial conspecifics. On the basis of satellite telemetry, the linear movement distance of one translocated leopard (1249 km) and the range size of three resident female leopards (513 ± 124 km2) are the largest on record. ConclusionsFrom comparing the survival and ranging behaviour of translocated leopards with that of resident conspecifics, we conclude that translocation was not an effective management tool for dealing with stock-raiding leopards in our study. ImplicationsRather than translocating ‘problem’ carnivores, efforts should focus on reducing the potential for problems to develop, most importantly on improving livestock-husbandry practices.

scholarly journals A Review of Nontraditional Biomanipulation

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1184-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Zhang ◽  
Ping Xie ◽  
Xiaoping Huang
Keyword(s):  
Algal Blooms ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Planktivorous Fish ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Cyanobacterial Blooms ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Nuisance Algae ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this review is to identify problems, find general patterns, and extract recommendations for successful management using nontraditional biomanipulation to improve water quality. There are many obstacles that prevent traditional biomanipulation from achieving expectations: expending largely to remove planktivorous fish, reduction of external and internal phosphorus, and macrophyte re-establishment. Grazing pressure from large zooplankton is decoupled in hypereutrophic waters where cyanobacterial blooms flourish. The original idea of biomanipulation (increased zooplankton grazing rate as a tool for controlling nuisance algae) is not the only means of controlling nuisance algae via biotic manipulations. Stocking phytoplanktivorous fish may be considered to be a nontraditional method; however, it can be an effective management tool to control nuisance algal blooms in tropical lakes that are highly productive and unmanageable to reduce nutrient concentrations to low levels.Although small enclosures increase spatial overlap between predators and prey, leading to overestimates of the impact of predation, microcosm and whole-lake experiments have revealed similar community responses to major factors that regulate lake communities, such as nutrients and planktivorous fish. Both enclosure experiments and large-scale observations revealed that the initial phytoplankton community composition greatly impacted the success of biomanipulation. Long-term observations in Lake Donghu and Lake Qiandaohu have documented that silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and bighead carp (H. nobilis) (two filter-feeding planktivorous species commonly used in management) can suppress Microcystis blooms efficiently. The introduction of silver and bighead carp could be an effective management technique in eutrophic systems that lack macrozooplankton. We confirmed that nontraditional biomanipulation is only appropriate if the primary aim is to reduce nuisance blooms of large algal species, which cannot be controlled effectively by large herbivorous zooplankton. Alternatively, this type of biomanipulation did not work efficiently in less eutrophic systems where nanophytoplankton dominated.

Efficiency and selectivity of the Anomalocardia brasiliana (Mollusca: Veneridae) hand dredge used in southern Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (7) ◽  
pp. 1455-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo R. Pezzuto ◽  
Caroline Schio ◽  
Tito C.M. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Management Plan ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Commercial Fisheries ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Fishing Rights ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experimental Plots

In Florianópolis, southern Brazil, the venerid clam Anomalocardia brasiliana has supported subsistence and small-scale commercial fisheries for decades. The introduction of a hand dredge (gancho) since 1987 led to the development of a significant fishery supplying both local and regional shellfish markets. In 1992 one of the main fishing areas in the region was designated as the first Brazilian Marine Extractive Reserve (Pirajubaé RESEX), a federal form of governance intended to promote sustainable exploitation of natural resources by assigning exclusive fishing rights to traditional users. However, excessive fishing effort, institutional shortcomings and lack of a negotiated management plan have resulted in the overexploitation of the species since 2000. This study was aimed at evaluating the efficiency and selectivity of the hand dredge currently in use at the RESEX, through a field experiment conducted in October 2006. Quantitative samples of A. brasiliana were collected before and after dredging 15 experimental plots. Additional samples were obtained inside the dredge (catch) and respective cover cod-end (discard) for selectivity analysis. A single haul of the hand dredge can dislocate up to 76% of the individuals present in the sediment irrespective of their size, and retain up to 69% of the commercial-sized organisms. The gear has a knife-edge selection pattern, which enables the use of the minimum spacing between the iron bars of the dredge's basket as an effective management tool.

The system of monitoring and evaluation of school nutrition

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
L.N. Rozhdestvenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
School Nutrition ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
National Plan ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
Nutrition Programs ◽  
National School ◽  
Operational Management

The article summarizes international approaches to creating effective management tools that enable operational management of school nutrition programs of various scales — monitoring and evaluation systems. M&E system, as a project management tool, is the most relevant and appropriate way to reduce the level of uncertainty and ensure the effectiveness of management decisions, using the possibilities of digitalization. The paper suggests ways to create basic tools of the system for monitoring and evaluating national school nutrition programs and the national plan for the M&E system of the school nutrition program in Russia.

Cost accounting as a tool for managing profitability in healthcare organizations

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
L.M. Korchagina
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Cost Accounting ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Healthcare Organizations ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
The Right ◽  
A Company ◽  
The Company Managing

Cost accounting is an effective management tool that allows a company to measure profitability by collecting key information by recording and tracking the data necessary for the most efficient and profitable operation of the company. Managing costs to maintain profitability is a top priority in all industries, which means relying on data to make smart and informed decisions. Cost data is the basis for strategic decisions. Having the right information available is key for every decision-maker. The article examines the issues of cost accounting, as well as problems related to profitability management in healthcare organizations. The author considers the most common problems that make it difficult to effectively account for costs and analyze the directions of patient care in medical organizations.

Land Use Change and Avian Disease Dynamics

2021 ◽  
pp. 171-188
Author(s):  
Maureen H. Murray ◽  
Sonia M. Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Disease Ecology ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Host Abundance ◽  
Pathogen Persistence ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Type Of Land Use ◽  
Avian Disease

Birds live on a human-dominated planet. Over half of Earth’s ice-free land area has been modified by anthropogenic disturbance including deforestation, agriculture, and urbanization, impacting ecosystems around the world. Disturbances associated with these land use types, such as habitat loss, fragmentation, and pollution, influence the dynamics between birds, their pathogens, and the environment they share. Such shifts in disease dynamics can arise through the impacts of land use change on aspects of hosts, vectors, and/or pathogens, including vector and host abundance, behavior, and physiology, and through pathogen persistence in the environment. To address this complexity, the major causes of land use change that can impact birds across diverse ecosystems are described. The chapter then discusses key changes associated with land use change such as habitat loss, pollution, and anthropogenic resources that are relevant to avian disease ecology. These key changes are followed by a synthesis of documented changes in avian health with urbanization, the fastest growing type of land use change on Earth. The chapter closes with relevant implications for One Health systems and future directions for advancing avian disease ecology in rapidly changing landscapes.

scholarly journals The Strategic Hybrids of Water Supply Companies as an Effective Management Tool

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 4450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Kożuch ◽  
Adam Jabłoński
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
Adopted Model ◽  
Water Supply Company ◽  
Made In

The mechanisms of water supply company management have been dynamically evolving recently. This is particularly related to factors that regulate the functioning of companies in this sector. This applies both to embedding such entities in the legal structure, and the management rules at both the strategic and tactical-operational levels. It is increasingly important how decisions are made in the conditions of pressure, limitations, opportunities and threats that these companies, which create value for stakeholders, face. This way of making decisions is determined by the adopted model of business, strategy, business processes and strategic projects that create a kind of a strategic hybrid. The hybrid determines the effectiveness of water supply companies that operate in accordance with the rules of the regulated market.

scholarly journals Cross-Resistance to Imazapic and Imazapyr in a Weedy Rice (Oryza sativa) Biotype Found in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. DILIPKUMAR ◽  
N.R. BURGOS ◽  
T.S. CHUAH ◽  
S. ISMAIL
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
First Case ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT: The Clearfield® rice production system is an effective management tool for weedy rice and other weeds in the direct-seeded rice culture. However, if farmers cultivating the Clearfield® rice disregard stewardship recommendations, the industry could face a problem of herbicide-resistant weedy rice which would occur through the selection of outcrosses. This study aimed to confirm imidazolinone-resistant weedy rice in Malaysia. The resistant weedy rice (R-WR) was found to be 67 fold more resistant to OnDuty® (premix of imazapic and imazapyr) than the susceptible weedy rice (S-WR) based on the GR50 values (rate that causes 50% inhibition of shoot growth). The Clearfield® rice cultivar was 32-fold more tolerant to OnDuty® than the S-WR. Furthermore, the R-WR was 54 and 89 fold more resistant to imazapic and imazapyr applied separately than the S-WR, respectively. The Clearfield® rice was 140- and 40-fold more tolerant to imazapic and imazapyr, respectively than the S-WR. The R-WR biotype was susceptible to non-selective herbicides glyphosate and glufosinate, as well as the selective graminicide quizalofop. Oxadiazon controlled the R-WR biotype, but pretilachlor was ineffective. The present study documented the first case of weedy rice that was cross-resistant to imazapic and imazapyr in Malaysian Clearfield® rice field.

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